Biochemical examination of the amniotic fluid of a pregnant patient yields the following results

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Terms in this set (31)

4

A 40-year-old woman with a high body mass index is 10 weeks pregnant. Which diagnostic tool is appropriate to suggest to her at this time?
1
Biophysical profile
2
Amniocentesis
3
Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP)
4
Transvaginal ultrasound

2

The nurse is reviewing the contraction stress test (CST) reports of a pregnant patient. The nurse expects the fetus to have meconium-stained amniotic fluid. What would be the reason for that conclusion?
1
Negative CST results
2
Positive CST results
3
Suspicious CST results
4
Unsatisfactory CST results

2, 4, 5

After reviewing the triple marker screen reports of a patient who is in the second trimester of pregnancy, the nurse concludes that the fetus has trisomy 18. What factors in the report led to the nurse's conclusion? Select all that apply.
1
Low level of inhibin-A in the maternal serum
2
Low level of unconjugated estriol in serum
3
Elevated nuchal translucency (NT) in the fetus
4
Low level of maternal human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)
5
Low level of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP)

1, 2

A patient in the first trimester of pregnancy undergoes a triple marker screening test. On reviewing the report, the nurse infers that the fetus may have Down syndrome. What clinical findings are noted by the nurse in the test reports? Select all that apply.
1
High levels of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG)
2
Low levels of pregnancy-associated placental protein (PAPP-A)
3
Low levels of inhibin-A in the fetal blood
4
Low levels of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP)
5
Low levels of unconjugated estriol in the fetal blood

1

Biochemical examination of the amniotic fluid of a pregnant patient yields the following results: lecithin-to-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio, 2:1; surfactant-to-albumin (S/A) ratio, 60 mg/g; and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) present. What conclusions will the nurse draw from this report?
1
The fetal lungs are well developed.
2
The gestational age is 36 weeks.
3
The fetus has a neural tube defect.
4
The fetus has an open neural tube defect.

3

The nurse finds that the nonstress test of a pregnant patient is nonreactive. Which factor in the report might have led the nurse to this finding?
1
No qualifying accelerations in a 20-minute period
2
Two qualifying accelerations in a 20-minute period
3
Less than two qualifying accelerations in a 20-minute period
4
More than two qualifying accelerations in a 20-minute period

4

Nurses should be aware of the strengths and limitations of various biochemical assessments during pregnancy, including that:
1
chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is becoming more popular because it provides early diagnosis.
2
screening for maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) levels is recommended only for women at risk for neural tube defects.
3
percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS) is one of the quad-screen tests for Down syndrome.
4
MSAFP is a screening tool only; it identifies candidates for more definitive procedures.

2, 1, 4, 5, 3

Arrange the steps the nurse takes while performing transvaginal ultrasonography for a pregnant patient, in the correct order.
1.
Cover the transducer probe with a probe cover.

2.
Position the pregnant patient in the lithotomy position.

3.
Position the probe for proper view of pelvic structures.

4.
Lubricate the transducer probe with water-soluble gel.

5.
Insert the transducer probe into the patient's vagina.

3

The nurse is assessing a pregnant patient and finds that her blood pressure is 150/90 mm Hg. What procedure does the nurse recommend for this patient?
1
Nuchal translucency (NT) test
2
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
3
Doppler blood flow analysis
4
Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS)

1, 2, 3

Which physiologic parameters does the nurse check in the ultrasound report to assess fetal well-being? Select all that apply.
1
Amniotic fluid volume (AFV)
2
Fetal breathing movements (FBMs)
3
Fetal limb and head movements
4
Daily count of fetal movements
5
Fluid volume in the nape of the fetal neck

2

The primary health care provider advises a pregnant woman to undergo a Doppler blood flow analysis after reviewing the amniocentesis reports. What clinical condition in the fetus could be the reason for this referral?
1
Down syndrome
2
Hemolytic anemia
3
Potter syndrome
4
Fetal hydrops

4, 3, 1, 5, 2

A primary health care provider is performing a transabdominal amniocentesis procedure in a pregnant patient. Arrange the steps of the amniocentesis procedure in the correct order.
1.
Separate the supernatant fluid and cellular components.

2.
Collect the cellular components for chromosomal studies.

3.
Centrifuge the collected amniotic fluid.

4.
Collect the amniotic fluid under ultrasonographic visualization.

5.
Collect the supernatant for chemical analysis.

1

The nurse is reviewing lab values to determine Rh incompatibility between mother and fetus. Which specific lab result should the nurse assess?
1
Indirect Coombs test
2
Hemoglobin level
3
hCG level
4
Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP

3

Which test does the nurse recommend for the patient to help assess fetal genetic abnormalities?
1
Amniotic fluid volume (AFV)
2
Fetal body movements
3
Nuchal translucency (NT)
4
Fetal heart activity

3, 4

While reviewing the ultrasound reports of a patient, the nurse notices a floating fetus in the scanned image. What potential fetal risks should the nurse interpret from this finding? Select all that apply:
1
Renal agenesis
2
Growth restriction
3
Neural tube defects
4
Gastrointestinal obstruction
5
Cardiac disease.

1

A 4-week pregnant patient is undergoing an ultrasound. The report shows an absence of fetal heart activity. What does the nurse infer about the fetus from the report?
1
Normal finding
2
Congenital abnormality
3
impaired growth
4
Cardiac disorder

2

After reviewing the Doppler umbilical flow reports of a pregnant patient, the nurse advises the patient to quit smoking immediately. Which finding in the report could be the reason for this instruction?
1
High amniotic fluid volume (AFV)
2
High systolic-to-diastolic (S/D) ratio
3
Low amniotic fluid volume (AFV)
4
Low systolic-to-diastolic (S/D) ratio

1

After reviewing the reports of a pregnant patient, the nurse infers that there might be a high risk for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). What could be the reason for this? The amniotic fluid index (AFI) is:
1
Less than 5 cm.
2
Equal to or more than 10 cm.
3
Between 5 and 10 cm.
4
More than 25 cm

3

The amniotic fluid index (AFI) of a pregnant patient is 3 cm. What clinical information related to the fetus does the nurse infer from this?
1
Neural tube defect
2
Fetal hydrops
3
Renal defects
4
Low activity level

2

While performing the fetal acoustic stimulation test (FAST) in a patient, the nurse observes that there is no fetal response even after 3 minutes of testing. Which test does the nurse suggest?
1
Amniocentesis
2
Biophysical profile (BPP)
3
Cordocentesis
4
Coombs' test

4

During a prenatal checkup, the patient who is 7 months pregnant reports that she is able to feel about two kicks in an hour. The nurse refers the patient for an ultrasound. What is the primary reason for this referral? To check:
1
For fetal anomalies
2
Gestational age
3
Fetal position
4
For fetal well-being

4

After reviewing the biophysical profile (BPP) reports of a pregnant patient close to term, the nurse advises the patient to repeat the test on a weekly basis. What BPP score did the nurse find in the report?
1. 1
2. 4
3. 6
4. 9

1

A patient in the sixth month of pregnancy expresses her wish to see the fetus. What investigation does the nurse suggest for the patient to help her see the fetus?
1
Ultrasonography
2
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
3
Computed tomography (CT)
4
Nuchal translucency (NT)

2

What parameter does the nurse check in the amniocentesis report of a pregnant patient to assess fetal lung growth?
1
Alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) levels
2
Lecithin-to-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio
3
Creatinine levels in the blood
4
Antibody titer in the blood

3

After reviewing the standard ultrasound scan reports of a pregnant patient, the nurse advises the patient to undergo a specialized ultrasound scan. What is the nurse's rationale for this suggestion?
1
To estimate the amniotic fluid volume
2
To identify the detailed fetal anatomy
3
To assess for physiologic abnormalities
4
To assess for fetal genetic abnormalities

1

The nurse sees a woman for the first time when she is 30 weeks pregnant. The woman has smoked throughout the pregnancy, and fundal height measurements now are suggestive of growth restriction in the fetus. In addition to ultrasound to measure fetal size, what tool is useful in confirming the diagnosis?
1
Doppler blood flow analysis
2
Contraction stress test (CST)
3
Amniocentesis
4
Daily fetal movement counts

4

A woman who is at 36 weeks of gestation is having a nonstress test. Which statement by the woman indicates a correct understanding of the test?
1
"I will need to have a full bladder for the test to be done accurately."
2
"I should have my husband drive me home after the test because I may be nauseous."
3
"This test will help to determine if the baby has Down syndrome or a neural tube defect."
4
"This test will observe for fetal activity and an acceleration of the fetal heart rate to determine the well-being of the baby."

1

A pregnant patient with a normal fetal kick count has come for a regular nonstress testing session. The nurse notices that there are no heart accelerations after 40 minutes of testing. What diagnostic testing will the nurse include in the plan of care?
1
Contraction stress test
2
Biophysical profile test
3
Maternal serum analysis
4
Doppler blood flow test

4

A pregnant patient is about to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). What information does the nurse give the patient before the procedure? The patient will:
1
Be positioned in a lithotomy position.
2
Need to take fluids to have a full bladder.
3
Be able to move freely during the procedure.
4
Not have pain during the process

2, 3, 5

A nonstress test (NST) is ordered on a pregnant woman at 37 weeks of gestation. What are the most appropriate teaching points to include when explaining the procedure to the woman? Select all that apply.
1
After 20 minutes, a nonreactive reading indicates the test is complete.
2
Vibroacoustic stimulation may be used during the test.
3
Drinking orange juice before the test is appropriate.
4
A needle biopsy may be needed to stimulate contractions.
5
Two sensors are placed on the abdomen to measure contractions and fetal heart tones.

4

The biophysical profile (BPP) testing report of a pregnant patient gives the following information: one episode of fetal breathing movement lasting for 30 seconds in a 30-minute observation; three limb movements of the fetus in 30 minutes; an amniotic fluid index greater than 5; a reactive nonstress test; and a BPP score of 1. The test is performed for 120 minutes. What does the nurse expect the primary health care provider to do?
1
Extend the test time to 120 minutes.
2
Repeat the test twice a week.
3
Repeat the test in 4 to 6 hours.
4
Consider delivery of the fetus.

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Which physiological parameters does the nurse check in the ultrasound report to assess fetal well being?

The BPP uses ultrasound to assess 1) fetal movement, 2) tone, 3) breathing and 4) the amniotic fluid volume that surrounds the baby. In addition, the baby's heartbeat is monitored over a 20‐minute period using a CTG machine.

What parameter does the nurse check in the amniocentesis report of a pregnant patient?

What parameter does the nurse check in the amniocentesis report of a pregnant patient to assess fetal lung growth? The L/S ratio indicates fetal lung maturity. AFP is assessed to check for the presence of neural defects.

When does the nurse refer the pregnant patient for ultrasonography to detect maternal abnormalities that could affect the fetus?

Second trimester ultrasonography should be offered to all patients, between 18 and 22 weeks' gestation, for the detection of fetal structural abnormalities.

What is an indicator for performing a contraction stress test?

The contraction stress test is interpreted by the presence or absence of late fetal heart rate decelerations, which are defined as decelerations that reach their nadir after the peak of the contraction and that usually persist beyond the end of the contraction.