distributed databases data warehouses big data file shares classified

Distributed databases, data warehouses, big data, and file shares are all classified as what?

Main Body

Adrienne Watt

Database management systems can be classified based on several criteria, such as the data model, user numbers and database distribution, all described below.

Classification Based on Data Model

The most popular data model in use today is the relational data model. Well-known DBMSs like Oracle, MS SQL Server, DB2 and MySQL support this model. Other traditional models, such as hierarchical data models and network data models, are still used in industry mainly on mainframe platforms. However, they are not commonly used due to their complexity. These are all referred to as traditional models because they preceded the relational model.

In recent years, the newer object-oriented data models were introduced. This model is a database management system in which information is represented in the form of objects as used in object-oriented programming. Object-oriented databases are different from relational databases, which are table-oriented. Object-oriented database management systems (OODBMS) combine database capabilities with object-oriented programming language capabilities.

The object-oriented models have not caught on as expected so are not in widespread use. Some examples of object-oriented DBMSs are O2, ObjectStore and Jasmine.

Classification Based on User Numbers

A DBMS can be classification based on the number of users it supports. It can be a single-user database system, which supports one user at a time, or a multiuser database system, which supports multiple users concurrently.

Classification Based on Database Distribution

There are four main distribution systems for database systems and these, in turn, can be used to classify the DBMS. 

Centralized systems

With a centralized database system, the DBMS and database are stored at a single site that is used by several other systems too. This is illustrated in Figure 6.1.

Figure 6.1. Example of a centralized database system.

In the early 1980s, many Canadian libraries used the GEAC 8000 to convert their manual card catalogues to machine-readable centralized catalogue systems. Each book catalogue had a barcode field similar to those on supermarket products.

Distributed database system

In a distributed database system, the actual database and the DBMS software are distributed from various sites that are connected by a computer network, as shown in Figure 6.2.

Figure 6.2. Example of a distributed database system.

Homogeneous distributed database systems

Homogeneous distributed database systems use the same DBMS software from multiple sites. Data exchange between these various sites can be handled easily. For example, library information systems by the same vendor, such as Geac Computer Corporation, use the same DBMS software which allows easy data exchange between the various Geac library sites.

Heterogeneous distributed database systems

In a heterogeneous distributed database system, different sites might use different DBMS software, but there is additional common software to support data exchange between these sites. For example, the various library database systems use the same machine-readable cataloguing (MARC) format to support library record data exchange.

centralized database system: the DBMS and database are stored at a single site that is used by several other systems too

distributed database system: the actual database and the DBMS software are distributed from various sites that are connected by a computer network

heterogeneous distributed database system: different sites might use different DBMS software, but there is additional common software to support data exchange between these sites

homogeneous distributed database systems: use the same DBMS software at multiple sites

multiuser database system: a database management system which supports multiple users concurrently

object-oriented data model: a database management system in which information is represented in the form of objects as used in object-oriented programming

single-user database system: a database management system which supports one user at a time

traditional models: data models that preceded the relational model

  1. Provide three examples of the most popular relational databases used.
  2. What is the difference between centralized and distributed database systems?
  3. What is the difference between homogenous distributed database systems and heterogeneous distributed database systems?

Attribution

This chapter of Database Design (including images, except as otherwise noted) is a derivative copy of Database System Concepts by Nguyen Kim Anh licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 license

The following material was written by Adrienne Watt:

  1. Key Terms
  2. Exercises

Which of the following is the primary difference between a flat file database and a relational database?

A relational database is one that contains multiple tables of data that relate to each other through special key fields. Relational databases are far more flexible (though harder to design and maintain) than what are known as flat file databases, which contain a single table of data.

What is database and its types?

Definition of Database or Database meaning: A database is a systematic collection of data. They support electronic storage and manipulation of data. Databases make data management easy. DBMS stands for Database Management System. We have four major types of DBMSs namely Hierarchical, Network, Relational, Object- ...

What is a distributed database quizlet?

Distributed Database. single logical database spread physically across computers in multiple locations that are connected by a data communications link. Decentralized Database. collection of independent databases on non-networked computers.

What are databases used for?

Database software makes data management simpler by enabling users to store data in a structured form and then access it. It typically has a graphical interface to help create and manage the data and, in some cases, users can construct their own databases by using database software.

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