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Terms in this set (58)
Which of the following is a general property of minerals?
A: trace minerals are needed in amounts of 100 mg or less per day
You got it right
B: trace minerals are needed in amounts of 50 mg or less per day
C: minerals in food are easily destroyed by exposure to ultraviolet light
D: they contain carbon and are needed
by the body as structural components
a
Which of the following are TRUE regarding mineral bioavailability? Select all that apply.
A: large doses of single minerals from a dietary supplement may interfere with absorption of other materials
You got it right
B: oxalates bind minerals in the GI tract reducing absorption
You got it right
C: when body stores of a mineral low absorption will
increase
You got it right
D: mineral ions with the opposite charge compete for absorption in the GI tract
a, b, c
What role do vitamin C and protein play in bone health?
A: They are needed to maintain collagen.
This is correct answer
B: They are needed to maintain levels of calcium.
You got it wrong'
C: They are needed to ensure full absorption of vitamin K.
D: They are needed to maintain
levels of phosphorus.
a
Which of the following is TRUE regarding bone remodeling?
A: during remodeling the activity of osteoclasts exceeds that of osteoblasts
B: bone is formed by osteoclasts
C: bone remodeling is essential for growth and maintenance
D: bone is broken down by osteoblasts
c
At approximately what age does bone breakdown begin to exceed formation?
40
Which of the following factors increase the risk for osteoporosis? Select all that apply.
A: being underweight
B: being of African American descent
C: being female
D: regularly engaging in strength training
a, c
Which of the following are good sources of calcium?
Select all that apply.
A: catfish
B: legumes
C: kale
D: tofu
b, c, d
Which of the following processes does NOT directly involve calcium?
A: maintenance of heart beat
B: nerve transmission
C: pH regulation
D: blood clotting
c
Which of the following are TRUE regarding the regulation of blood calcium levels?
Select all that apply.
A: calcitonin raises blood calcium
B: calcitonin inhibits the release of calcium from bone
C: PTH activates vitamin D in order to increase calcium absorption
D: PTH lowers blood calcium
b, c
Which of the following are functions of phosphorus? Select all that apply.
A: constituent of DNA
B: provides rigidity to bones
C: component of the hormone adrenaline
D:
transports lipids throughout the body
a, b, d
The negative impact on bone health of a diet high in phosphorus containing food additives can be minimized by adequate intake of
A: vitamin C.
B: vitamin B12.
C: iron.
D: calcium.
d
Which of the following are good sources of magnesium? Select all that apply.
A:
kale
B: white flour
C: bananas
D: beef
a, c
Magnesium is known to be involved in all of the following EXCEPT
A: regulation of calcium homeostasis.
B: stabilizer of ATP.
C: muscle contraction.
D: production of red blood cells.
d
What is a major source of dietary sulfur?
A: minerals salts
B:
proteins
C: fats
D: carbohydrates
b
In the body where is dietary sulfur found? Select all that apply.
A: certain vitamins
B: proteins
C: unsaturated fats
D: certain carbohydrates
a, b
The _________________ ________________ include those needed in the diet in amounts greater than 100 mg per day or present in the body in amounts greater than 0.01% of body weight.
major minerals
Which of the following affects mineral bioavailability? Select all that apply.
A: the body's ability to absorb specific minerals
B: the composition of the diet
C: the age of the individual
D: the height of the individual
E: the nutritional status of the individual
a, b, c, e
Bone consists of a __________________ matrix hardened by mineral deposits.
protein
The process whereby bone is continuously broken down and re-formed to allow for growth and maintenance is called ______________ _______________.
bone remodeling
The lower the peak bone mass, the _________________ the risk of osteoporosis.
greater
Even after physical growth stops, bone mass continues to increase into young adulthood when the _____________________________________ is achieved.
peak bone mass
True or False. Low calcium intake is the MOST significant dietary factor contributing to osteoporosis.
True
Which of the following increase the risk of osteoporosis? Select all that apply.
A: history of eating disorders
B: increased age
C: Asian heritage
D: male gender
E: participating in weight-bearing activity
a, b, c
_______________________ provides structure to bones and teeth, by forming crystals with _______________ that harden the matrix of bone and teeth.
calcium; phosphorus
Which of the following is NOT a role of calcium in body fluids?
A: essential for blood clotting
B: temperature regulation
C: regulation of blood pressure
D: release of neurotransmitters
b
In the level of blood calcium falls too low, _________________ is released, stimulating the release of calcium from bone, reducing calcium excretion by the kidney, and activating vitamin D.
parathyriod hormone
True or False. In the absence of PTH, excretion of calcium by the kidney increases, less vitamin D is activated, reducing absorption of dietary calcium; and less calcium is released from bone.
true
Together, low PTH levels and the presence of __________________ cause a decrease in blood calcium levels.
calcitonin
Which of the following would be good food sources of dietary calcium for those who are lactose intolerant? Select all that apply.
A: soy products processed with calcium
B: green leafy vegetables, such as spinach and kale
C: fermented dairy products, such as yogurt
D: low-fat milk and cheese
a, b, c
Like calcium, ____________________ is found in dairy products such as milk, yogurt, and cheese, but meat, cereals, bran, eggs, nuts, and fish are also good sources.
Phosphorus
Phosphorus forms ______________________ crystals that provide rigidity to bones.
Hydroxyapatite
True or False. ATP does NOT contain phosphorus.
false
Which of the following are NOT good sources of magnesium?
A: nuts and seeds
B: spinach and kale
C: low fat milk and cheese
D: bananas and wheat germ
c
True or False. Magnesium is essential for the maintenance of bone structure.
true
Sulfur is found in the side chain of the amino acids ________________________and ______________________.
cysteine; methionine
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding mineral needs?
A: Deficiencies rarely have long-term effects on health.
B: Minerals that are essential in small doses can be toxic if consumed in
excess.
C: Environmental sources of minerals cannot lead to toxicity.
D: Deficiencies always cause symptoms that impact short-term health.
b
True or False. Three good food sources of magnesium are sunflower seeds, almonds and spinach.
True
Calcium absorption is inhibited by:
fiber
Which organ(s) participates in the activation of vitamin D?
A: parathyroid gland
B: thyroid gland
C: thyroid and kidneys
D: kidneys and parathyroid gland
d
A food that is considered to be a good source of calcium is
A: spinach.
B: red beans.
C: wheat bran.
D: Chinese cabbage.
d
According to current research, this vitamin may prove to be important to maintaining overall bone health.
vitamin k
The majority of phosphorus in the body is found in:
bones and teeth
True or False. Calcium is more readily absorbed than phosphorus in the diet.
false
True or False. The majority of magnesium in the body is found in the skeletal system.
true
Which of the following would be present if an individual had a calcium deficiency?
A: osteoporosis
B: poor appetite
C: constipation
D: kidney stones
a
What role do minerals play in promoting
proper nutrition?
A: Minerals in today's diet come mainly from plant food sources.
B: Minerals are needed in large amounts for maintaining body structure.
C: Minerals help to regulate chemical reactions and body processes.
D: Mineral supplements are required to ensure nutrient adequacy.
c
Which one of the following foods is a good source of phosphorus?
A: hot oatmeal
B: fresh orange
C: white
bread
D: olive oil
a
What is a function of magnesium?
A: Magnesium maintains acid-base balance.
B: Magnesium helps to regulate calcium in the blood.
C: Magnesium activates vitamin A.
D: Magnesium prevents cardiovascular disease.
b
Which one of the following food is a good source of magnesium?
A: beef
steak
B: garbanzo beans
C: applesauce
D: canned sardines
b
What is the role of sulfur in the body?
A: Sulfur maintains normal blood pressure.
B: Sulfur activates vitamin D in the body.
C: Sulfur helps to regulate acid-base balance.
D: Sulfur triggers the excretion of toxic substances.
c
What factor might
increase mineral bioavailability?
A: Proportion of dietary calcium absorbed is higher with increases in age.
B: Consumption of acidic foods enhances iron absorption.
C: A high intake of calcium in a meal promotes iron absorption.
D: The presence of phytic acid promotes zinc absorption.
b
What is a function of calcium?
A: Calcium is necessary in blood clotting.
B: Calcium promotes muscle
relaxation.
C: Calcium elevates blood pressure.
D: Calcium causes nerve cells to fire spontaneously.
a
How is calcium in the blood regulated?
A: Calcitonin causes calcium to be deposited in the bone.
B: Calcitonin decreases intestinal calcium absorption.
C: Parathyroid hormone stimulates the kidneys to secrete calcium.
D: Parathyroid hormone stimulates calcium release from bone.
d
Which sections of MyPlate contain good sources of calcium besides dairy?
A: vegetables and grains
B: fruits and grains
C: vegetables and fruits
D: fruits and proteins
a
What factor might increases the risk of osteoporosis?
A: weight-bearing exercise
B: tobacco use
C: regular sun exposure
D: adequate calcium
intake
b
What is TRUE about the peak bone mass?
A: Men start to lose bone mass after about age 25.
B: During childhood, sex differences in bone mass first appear.
C: Women have a higher bone mineral density than men.
D: Women experience accelerated bone loss after menopause.
d
Maintaining bone health involves
A:
forming bone that is 100% compact.
B: reaching peak bone mass by age 40.
C: remodeling using osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
D: keeping calcium in the bones regardless of blood concentrations.
d
What is a function of phosphorus?
A: Phosphorus is required for blood clotting.
B: Phosphorus promotes sodium retention by the kidneys.
C: Phosphorus is a major constituent of the genetic material DNA and
RNA.
D: Phosphorus helps to maintain normal blood pressure.
c
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