How is the patient positioned to demonstrate the left intervertebral foramina of the cervical vertebrae?

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A radiograph of an AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine with the patient in a LPO position demonstrates the pedicles too anterior on the vertebral bodies. What specific positioning error has been committed?

A. Tilting of the spine
B. Insufficient rotation or obliquity of the body
C. Incorrect central ray angulation
D. Excessive rotation or obliquity of the body

B. Insufficient rotation or obliquity of the body

The AP axial oblique (pillars) projection of the vertebral arch demonstrates the

A. Intervertebral foramina and lateral masses
B. Presence of motion at a spinal fusion
C. Posterior portion of the cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae, including the articular and spinous processes
D. Early changes associated with scoliosis

C. Posterior portion of the cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae, including the articular and spinous processes

The uppermost anterior aspect of the sacrum is termed the

A. Promontory
B. Sacral cornu
C. Base
D. Apex

A. Promontory

Which of the following are features of the cervical portion of the vertebral column?
1) Mamillary processes
2) Transverse foramina
3) Bifid spinous processes

A. 1 and 3 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 1, 2, and 3
D. 2 and 3 only

D. 2 and 3 only

Look at the image below. What anatomy is labeled with the number 6?

A. Superior articular process
B. Inferior articular process
C. Pedicle
D. Pars interarticularis

A. Superior articular process

Refer to the diagram below. What anatomy is labeled with the number 2?

A. Superior articular process
B. Pedicle
C. Spinous process
D. Transverse process

D. Transverse process

When the lumbar vertebrae are being examined with the patient positioned in a 45-degree RPO, what anatomy is best demonstrated in the image?

A. Right zygapophyseal joints
B. Left intervertebral foramina
C. Right intervertebral foramina
D. Left zygapophyseal joints

A. Right zygapophyseal joints

What projection requires a 15- to 20-degree caudal angle of the central ray?

A. AP axial cervical spine
B. Lateral thoracic spine when the vertebral column is not horizontal
C. PA axial oblique cervical spine
D. Lateral cervical spine

C. PA axial oblique cervical spine

Refer to the image of the special projection below. How is the patient positioned to obtain this image?

A. In hyperflexion
B. In 70-degree oblique
C. In a 45-degree oblique
D. In hyperextension

B. In 70-degree oblique

Which of the following portions of the vertebral column possesses a kyphotic curve?
1) Cervical
2) Sacral
3) Thoracic

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 1, 2, and 3
D. 2 and 3 only

D. 2 and 3 only

What structures articulate to form the costovertebral joints?

A. Spinous processes
B. Superior and inferior articular facets
C. Thoracic vertebral body facets and the heads of the ribs
D. Intervertebral disks

C. Thoracic vertebral body facets and the heads of the ribs

On a lumbar vertebra, the portion of the lamina between the superior and inferior articular process if termed the

A. Pars interarticularis
B. Lumbar cornua
C. Articular pillar
D. Lateral mass

A. Pars interarticularis

How is the central ray positioned for the lateral projection of the thoracic vertebrae when the vertebral column is not positioned parallel to the image receptor?

A. 10 to 15 degrees cephalad
B. 10 to 15 degrees caudad
C. Perpendicular
D. 3 to 5 caudad

A. 10 to 15 degrees cephalad

What portions of the vertebrae are located between the bodies and the transverse processes?

A. Vertebral foramina
B. Pedicles
C. Transverse processes
D. Laminae

B. Pedicles

How is the patient positioned to demonstrate the left intervertebral foramina of the cervical vertebrae?

A. Lateral
B. 45-degree LPO
C. Supine
D. 45-degree RPO

D. 45-degree RPO

The portion of the vertebral column that articulates with the ilia is the

A. Pars interarticularis
B. Cervical
C. Sacrum
D. Thoracic

C. Sacrum

Refer the the image below. What anatomy is labeled with the white dot?

A. C6-C7 intervertebral disk space
B. C5-C6 intervertebral disk space
C. Spinous process of C6
D. Spinous process of C5

B. C5-C6 intervertebral disk space

The prominent process extending from the anterior superior surface of the body of C2 (axis) is termed the

A. Cervical cornua
B. Dens
C. Mamillary process
D. Vertebra prominens

B. Dens

An avulsion fracture of the spinous process in the lower cervical region and upper thoracic region is called the

A. Jefferson fracture
B. Clay shoveler's fracture
C. Jones fracture
D. Hangman's fracture

B. Clay shoveler's fracture

Which essential projection will demonstrate the dens if it is not well demonstrated on the AP projection, open-mouth technique?

A. AP axial projection of the vertebral arch (pillars)
B. AP projection (Ottonello method)
C. AP projection (Fuchs method)
D. Lateral projection of the dens

C. AP projection (Fuchs method)

What is the central ray direction for an AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction and sacroiliac (SI) joints in a female patient?

A. 35 degrees caudad
B. 30 degrees cephalad
C. 35 degrees cephalad
D. 25 degrees caudad

C. 35 degrees cephalad

While evaluating a lateral projection of the thoracic vertebrae, you notice that the posterior ribs are not superimposed. What does this indicate?

A. That the spine was not supported in a horizontal plane parallel to the image receptor
B. That the patient was in a true lateral position
C. That part of the anatomy of interest has been clipped
D. That the vertebral column was rotated

D. That the vertebral column was rotated

The lateral projection of the lumbar vertebra demonstrates the
1) intervertebral disk spaces
2) intervertebral foramina
3) zygapophyseal joints closer to the image receptor

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, and 3

A. 1 and 2 only

The lateral projection of the lumbar spine for the spinal fusion is obtained with the patient positioned

A. Upright
B. Bending toward the lateral sides
C. In hyperflexion and hyperextension
D. Seated

C. In hyperflexion and hyperextension

Look at the AP axial oblique image. What patient position and specific anatomy are demonstrated?

A. 45-degree LPO, right intervertebral foramina
B. 15-to 20-degree RPO, right zygapophyseal joints
C. 45-degree RPO, left intervertebral foramina
D. 15-to 20-degree LPO, left zygapophyseal joints

C. 45-degree RPO, left intervertebral foramina

The PA axial projection of the sacrum requires the central ray to be directed

A. 10 degrees caudad
B. 15 degrees cephalad
C. 15 degrees caudad
D. 10 degrees cephalad

C. 15 degrees caudad

All of the following projections are contraindicated in pts with suspected fracture or other pathologic conditions of the vertebrae except

A. Lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae in hyperextension
B. AP axial (pillars)
C. AP projection of the dens (Fuchs method)
D. Lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae in hyperextension

B. AP axial (pillars)

Refer to the image below. What essential projection and anatomy are demonstrated if this image was obtained with the patient in a semisupine position?

A. PA oblique projection, left zygapop joints of the lumbar vertebrae
B. AP oblique projection, right zygapop joints of the thoracic vertebrae
C. AP oblique projection, right zygapop joints of the lumbar vertebrae
D. PA oblique projection, right intervertebral of the thoracic vertebrae

C. AP oblique projection, right zygapop joints of the lumbar vertebrae

Look at the image below. What projection and anatomy are demonstrated?

A. AP of atlas and axis, open-mouth technique
B. AP axial of atlas and axis
C. AP dens (Fuchs method)
D. Lateral projection of atlas and axis

A. AP of atlas and axis, open-mouth technique

Look at the image below. This image is a ____ used to evaluate ____

A. Lateral projection; lumbar vertebrae
B. AP projection; thoracic vertebrae
C. Lateral projection; thoracic vertebrae
D. AP projection; lumbar vertebrae

C. Lateral projection; thoracic vertebrae

All of the following criteria must be fulfilled for the left intervertebral foramina of the cervical vertebrae to be demonstrated in a PA axial oblique projection except

A. An increase in SID to a minimum of 60 inches (152 cm)
B. 15-to 20-degree caudal angle on the central ray
C. 45-degree LAO position
D. perpendicular central ray

D. perpendicular central ray

Which essential projection of the sacroiliac (SI) joints will demonstrate the right SI joint?

A. Lateral in a true right lateral position
B. AP oblique; 25 - to 30-degree RPO
C. PA; prone position
D. AP oblique; 25- to 30-degree LPO

D. AP oblique; 25- to 30-degree LPO

Look at the image below. What anatomy is labeled with the number 5?

A. Transverse process
B. Spinous process
C. Intervertebral disk space
D. Pedicle

A. Transverse process

Which scoliosis projection requires two images, one with the patient's hip or foot on the convex side of the primary curve and elevated approximately 3 or 4 inches (7.6 to 10.2 cm)?

A. PA thoracolumbar (Frank et al method)
B. PA thoracolumbar (Ferguson method)
C. Lateral thoracolumbar (Frank et al method)
D. Lateral thoracolumbar (Ferguson method)

B. PA thoracolumbar (Ferguson method)

Which essential projection may be used to demonstrate function of the cervical spine in AP movement?

A. Lateral projection in hyperflexion and hyperextension
B. AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine
C. Lateral projection in lateral bending positions
D. AP axial of the vertebral arch (pillars)

A. Lateral projection in hyperflexion and hyperextension

Which portion of the vertebral column compromises 12 vertebrae?

A. Lumbar
B. Coccyx
C. Thoracic
D. Cervical

C. Thoracic

Refer to the image below. What special projection and anatomy are demonstrated?

A. AP axial of the vertebral arches
B. AP projection of the cervical vertebrae (Ottonello method)
C. Lateral projection of the atlas and axis
D. AP cervical spine, weight-bearing, lateral bending position

B. AP projection of the cervical vertebrae (Ottonello method)

All of the following findings are demonstrated on the lateral projection, left lateral position of the thoracic vertebrae, except

A. Open intervertebral disk spaces
B. Vertebral bodies in profile
C. Open intervertebral foramina
D. Open left zygapop joints

D. Open left zygapop joints

Which projections must be cleared by a physician before any spinal immobilization apparatus is removed?

A. Oblique projection
B. AP projection
C. all projections
D. Lateral projection

D. Lateral projection

Scoliosis is defined as

A. Failure of the posterior portions of the vertebral arch to unite and enclose the spinal cord
B. Lateral deviation of the spine with possible rotation
C. Adolescent kyphosis
D. A rheumatoid arthritis variant

B. Lateral deviation of the spine with possible rotation

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Which position will demonstrate the left intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine?

Which of the following positions will best demonstrate the cervical intervertebral foramina?

Which of the following is the best projection for demonstrating the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine?

What is the position of the cervical vertebrae?