In which position of the shoulder is the lesser tubercle demonstrated in profile on the medial aspect of the humeral head quizlet?

1. An AP shoulder projection with accurate positioning demonstrates the
1. glenoid fossa in profile.
2. glenohumeral joint centered within the collimated field.
3. superolateral scapular border without thorax superimposition.
4. superior scapular angle superior to the midclavicle.
a. 1, 2, and 3 only
b. 2, 3, and 4 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 3 and 4 only

C

P. 235

2. An AP right shoulder projection obtained with the patient's body rotated away from the affected shoulder demonstrates
1. the scapula with decreased thoracic superimposition.
2. the medial end of the right clavicle superimposed over the vertebral column.
3. a transversely foreshortened scapular body.
4. the glenoid fossa in profile.
a. 1 and 4 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

B

PP. 235-236

3. An AP shoulder projection demonstrates longitudinal foreshortening of the scapular body when the
1. patient's upper midcoronal plane is tilted away from the IR.
2. patient is rotated onto the affected shoulder.
3. patient is kyphotic.
4. affected shoulder is protracted.
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 1, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

A

PP. 237-238

4. An AP shoulder projection obtained with the humeral epicondyles positioned parallel with the IR demonstrates the
1. greater tubercle in profile laterally.
2. lesser tubercle in profile medially.
3. humeral head in profile medially.
4. greater tubercle superimposed over the humeral head.
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1 and 2 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 2 and 4 only

A

PP. 237-238

5. For an AP shoulder projection, the
1. shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR.
2. central ray is centered 1 inch (2.5 cm) inferior to the coracoid.
3. imaginary line connecting the humeral epicondyles is positioned at a 45-degree angle to the IR.
4. central ray is angled cephalically when a kyphotic patient is imaged.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 3 and 4 only
c. 1, 2, and 3 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

D

PP. 235-237

6. An AP shoulder projection obtained in a patient whose upper midcoronal plane was tilted anteriorly demonstrates the
1. lesser tubercle in profile laterally.
2. scapular body longitudinally foreshortened.
3. superior scapular angle superior to the clavicle.
4. scapular body with increased thoracic cavity superimposition.
a. 1 and 4 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 2, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

B

PP. 236-237

7. How can the positioning setup be adjusted for an AP shoulder projection to demonstrate uniform density throughout the shoulder and clavicular areas?
1. Position the top of the shoulder at the cathode end of the tube.
2. Place a compensating filter over or under the laterally located acromion and clavicular end.
3. Use a kilovoltage above 75.
4. Use a grid.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 3, and 4 only

D

P. 275

8. An inferosuperior axial shoulder projection that shows accurate positioning and was obtained with the humeral epicondyles positioned at a 45-degree angle with the floor demonstrates
1. the posterolateral aspect of the humeral head.
2. almost superimposed inferior and superior glenoid fossa margins.
3. the lesser tubercle in partial profile anteriorly.
4. the lateral edge of the coracoid base medial to the inferior glenoid cavity.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 3 and 4 only
c. 1, 2, and 3 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

C

P. 242

9. For an inferosuperior axial shoulder projection,
1. the patient's shoulder is elevated on a sponge or washcloth.
2. the patient's head is tilted and rotated toward the affected shoulder.
3. the patient's affected arm is externally rotated.
4. a 30- to 35-degree central ray to lateral body surface angle is used if the arm is abducted at a 90-degree angle to the torso.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

C

P. 242

10. An inferosuperior axial shoulder projection obtained with the humerus in exaggerated external rotation (epicondyles at a greater than 45-degree angle with the floor) demonstrates the
1. Hill-Sachs defect.
2. humeral neck in profile.
3. humeral head in profile anteriorly.
4. greater tubercle in profile posteriorly.
a. 1 only
b. 1 and 2 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 1, 2, and 3 only

C

PP. 243-244

11. An inferosuperior axial shoulder projection that does not include the posterior aspects of the acromion and humerus was obtained
a. without the patient's head rotated or tilted toward the affected shoulder.
b. using a central ray to lateral body surface angle that was too large.
c. without the patient's shoulder elevated on a sponge or washcloth.
d. without the IR positioned proximally enough.

C

P. 248

12. Under which of the following conditions is it necessary to use a grid for an axial shoulder projection?
1. The AP measurement is over 4 inches (10 cm).
2. The kilovoltage used is above 60.
3. The inferosuperior measurement is more than 4 inches (10 cm).
4. The kilovoltage used is below 60.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1 and 4 only
d. 3 and 4 only

B

Chapter 2, P. 67 | Chapter 5, P. 235

13. For an AP oblique shoulder projection (Grashey method), the
1. patient's midcoronal plane is rotated to a 45-degree angle with the IR.
2. central ray is centered to the coracoid process.
3. patient is rotated toward the affected shoulder.
4. image is obtained with the patient in an upright position.
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 2, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

D

P. 246

14. For an AP oblique shoulder projection (Grashey method), the patient is rotated more than 45 degrees when the patient is
1. recumbent.
2. kyphotic.
3. seated.
4. upright and leaning against the upright IR holder.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 3 and 4 only
c. 1, 2, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

A

PP. 248-250

15. An AP oblique shoulder projection (Grashey method) with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. the glenoid fossa in profile and facing superiorly.
2. an open glenohumeral joint space.
3. a longitudinally foreshortened clavicle.
4. the glenohumeral joint in the center of the collimated field.
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 4 only
c. 2, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

C

P. 246 | P. 248

16. An AP oblique shoulder projection (Grashey method) obtained with the patient rotated less than required to obtain accurate positioning demonstrates
1. more than 0.25 inch (0.6 cm) of the coracoid superimposed over the humeral head.
2. a closed glenohumeral joint.
3. increased longitudinal clavicular foreshortening.
4. an increase in the amount of thorax and scapular body superimposition.
a. 2 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

A

P. 248

17. The arms of the Y on a PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection are formed by the
1. coracoid.
2. scapular body.
3. acromion.
4. glenoid fossa.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 1 and 3 only

D

P. 254

18. For a PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection, the patient's
1. humerus is elevated until the hand is placed on the hip.
2. body is rotated toward the unaffected shoulder.
3. body is rotated until an imaginary line connecting the acromion angle and coracoid processes is aligned parallel with the IR.
4. midcoronal plane is vertical.
a. 2 and 3 only
b. 3 and 4 only
c. 2, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

B

PP. 252-253

19. A PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. the superior angle of the scapular at the same transverse level as the clavicle.
2. superimposed scapular borders.
3. a laterally situated glenoid fossa.
4. the coracoid, acromion, and humerus creating the arms and leg of the Y formation.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 4 only

A

PP. 252-253

20. A PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection that shows accurate positioning of a patient with an anterior dislocation demonstrates
1. a Y formation.
2. the humeral head positioned anterior to the glenoid fossa beneath the coracoid.
3. superimposition of the medial and lateral scapular borders.
4. the humerus superimposed over the scapular body.
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1 and 2 only
c. 1, 2, and 3 only
d. 3 and 4 only

C

P. 254

21. A nondislocated AP oblique scapular Y shoulder projection demonstrates
1. the humeral head superimposed over the glenoid fossa.
2. the glenoid fossa on end.
3. the medial scapular border closer to the ribs than the lateral scapular border.
4. magnification of the scapula and humerus.
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 1, 2, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

C

PP. 252-253

22. A PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection that was obtained with the patient overrotated demonstrates the
1. glenoid fossa medially.
2. medial scapular border closer to the ribs than the lateral scapular border.
3. superior scapular angle superior to the clavicle.
4. lateral scapular border closer to the ribs than the medial scapular border.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 4 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 3 and 4 only

B

P. 254

23. A PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection obtained with the patient's upper midcoronal plane tilted toward the IR demonstrates
1. the glenoid cavity on end.
2. the superior scapular angle superior to the clavicle.
3. a longitudinally foreshortened scapular body.
4. the superior scapular angle inferior to the clavicle.
a. 2 and 4 only
b. 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3 only

C

P. 254

24. The AP axial shoulder projection (Stryker method)
1. is performed to demonstrate the Hill-Sachs defect.
2. is obtained with the affected humerus vertical and the palm of the hand placed on top of the head.
3. uses a 10-degree caudal central ray angle.
4. is obtained with the patient in a supine position.
a. 3 and 4 only
b. 2, 3, and 4 only
c. 1, 2, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

C

P. 258

25. An AP axial shoulder projection (Stryker method) with accurate positioning demonstrates the
1. coracoid process situated directly lateral to the conoid tubercle of the clavicle.
2. posterolateral aspect of the humeral head in profile laterally.
3. greater and lesser tubercles in partial profile.
4. coracoid process superimposed over the lateral clavicle.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

D

PP. 255-257

26. An AP axial shoulder projection (Stryker method) with poor positioning that demonstrates the lesser tubercle in profile
1. also demonstrates an obscured greater tubercle.
2. was obtained because the humerus was elevated beyond vertical.
3. demonstrates the Hill-Sachs defect.
4. was obtained because the distal humerus was tilted laterally.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 4 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 3 and 4 only

B

P. 258

27. A tangential supraspinatus outlet projection (Neer method) with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. the superior scapular spine inferior to the clavicle.
2. superimposed scapular borders.
3. the glenoid cavity on end.
4. the coracoid, acromion, and scapular body creating the arms and leg of the Y formation.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 3 and 4 only
c. 2, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

D

PP. 259-260

28. A tangential supraspinatus outlet projection (Neer method) that was obtained with the patient underrotated demonstrates the
1. glenoid fossa medially.
2. medial scapular border closer to the ribs than the lateral scapular border.
3. superior scapular angle 0.5 inch inferior to the clavicle.
4. lateral scapular border closer to the ribs than the medial scapular border.
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1 and 4 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 3 and 4 only

C

P. 261

29. A tangential supraspinatus outlet projection (Neer method) with accurate positioning is obtained when
1. the arm is abducted and the midcoronal plane is at a 60-degree angle with the IR.
2. a 10- to 15-degree caudal central ray angulation is used.
3. the central ray is centered to the superior aspect of the humeral head.
4. the midcoronal plane is vertical.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

D

PP. 259-260

30. An AP clavicle projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. the medial clavicular end next to the lateral edge of the vertebral column.
2. the superior scapular angle superior to the clavicle.
3. inferosuperior foreshortening on the kyphotic patient unless the central ray is angled cephalically.
4. an overexposed medial clavicle unless a compensating filter is used.
a. 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 1, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, and 3 only

B

PP. 265-266

31. An AP clavicle projection obtained with the patient rotated away from the affected shoulder demonstrates the
1. medial clavicular end superimposed over the vertebral column.
2. medial clavicular end shifted away from the vertebral column.
3. scapular body with increased thoracic superimposition.
4. scapular body with decreased thoracic superimposition.
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1 and 4 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 2 and 4 only

B

P. 266

32. An AP axial clavicle projection with accurate positioning demonstrates the
1. medial clavicular end superimposed over the first and second ribs.
2. middle and lateral thirds of the clavicle superior to the acromion.
3. clavicle bowing upward.
4. medial clavicular end superimposed over the vertebral column.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1, 2, and 3 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

C

PP. 266-267

33. For an AP axial clavicle projection,
1. the patient's shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR.
2. the central ray is angled 15 to 30 degrees cephalad.
3. a compensating filter is positioned over or under the lateral clavicle.
4. the central ray is centered halfway between the medial and lateral clavicular ends.
a. 2 and 4 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 1, 2, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

C

PP. 265-266

34. For an AP AC joint projection without weights,
1. the central ray is centered to the AC joint.
2. the midcoronal plane is positioned parallel with the IR.
3. a grid is used if the patient's AP measurement is 6 inches (15 cm).
4. the patient's shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR.
a. 1 and 4 only
b. 3 only
c. 1, 2, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

D

PP. 266-267

35. An AP scapular projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. almost superimposed anterior and posterior glenoid fossa margins.
2. the vertebral scapular border without thoracic cavity superimposition.
3. the humeral shaft at a 90-degree angle with the body.
4. the supraspinatus fossa and superior scapular angle without clavicular superimposition.
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1, 3, and 4 only
c. 1 and 2 only
d. 3 and 4 only

B

P. 270

36. For an AP scapular projection, the
1. patient's arm is abducted 90 degrees to the body.
2. image is exposed on expiration.
3. patient's upper midcoronal plane leans slightly away from the IR.
4. central ray is centered 2 inches (5 cm) inferior to the coracoid.
a. 1 and 4 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, and 4 only

D

PP. 270-271

37. A lateral scapular projection with accurate positioning obtained with the humerus abducted to a 90-degree angle with the body demonstrates
1. superimposition of the lateral and vertebral scapular borders.
2. the scapula in a Y formation.
3. the superior scapular angle inferior to the coracoid.
4. the midscapular body in the center of the collimated field.
a. 1 and 4 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 1, 2, and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 4 only

A

P. 273

38. A lateral scapular projection obtained with the patient underrotated and the arm placed at a 90-degree angle with the patient demonstrates
1. superimposed lateral and vertebra scapular borders.
2. the lateral scapular border medial to the vertebral border.
3. the superior scapular angle inferior to the coracoid.
4. the vertebral scapular border medial to the lateral border.
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 2 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 4 only

D

PP. 273-274

39. An imaginary line connecting the humeral epicondyles is positioned perpendicular to the IR for a(n)
1. internally rotated AP shoulder projection.
2. AP oblique shoulder projection (Grashey method).
3. lateral humeral projection.
4. PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection.
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 3 only
d. 1, 3, and 4 only

A

PP. 237-238

40. The lesser tubercle is demonstrated in profile on a(n)
1. neutral AP shoulder projection.
2. lateral humeral projection.
3. transthoracic lateral proximal humeral projection.
4. inferosuperior axial shoulder projection.
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 1, 3, and 4 only
d. 2, 3, and 4 only

D

Chapter 4, P. 228 | Chapter 5, P. 242

41. The glenohumeral joint space is demonstrated as an open space on a(n)
1. inferosuperior axial shoulder projection.
2. transthoracic lateral shoulder projection.
3. AP oblique shoulder projection (Grashey method).
4. PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection.
a. 1 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

B

P. 242 | P. 246

42. Longitudinal foreshortening of the scapula is demonstrated on an AP shoulder projection when the
a. superior scapular angle is visualized superior to the clavicle.
b. clavicle superimposes the superior scapular angle.
c. glenoid cavity is demonstrated in profile.
d. glenoid cavity is demonstrated on end.

A

PP. 237-238

43. An anteriorly dislocated shoulder is demonstrated on an AP shoulder projection when the humeral head is demonstrated inferior to the
a. acromion process.
b. coracoid process.
c. scapular spine.
d. scapular notch.

B

P. 240

44. To prevent longitudinal scapular foreshortening when obtaining an AP shoulder projection on a patient with excessive thoracic kyphosis, the
a. central ray should be angled 5 degrees caudally.
b. patient's upper midcoronal plane should be tilted anteriorly.
c. central ray should be angled cephalically until it is aligned perpendicular to the scapular body.
d. positioning procedure should not be adjusted from the routine.

C

PP. 237-238

45. A poorly positioned AP shoulder projection demonstrating most of the articulating surface of the glenoid cavity
a. will also demonstrate the medial clavicular end superimposing the vertebrae.
b. will also demonstrate longitudinal foreshortening of the scapular body.
c. was obtained because the upper midcoronal plane was tilted posteriorly.
d. was obtained because the patient was rotated toward the affected shoulder.

A

P. 236

46. Accurate alignment of the central ray and glenoid cavity on an inferosuperior axial shoulder projection
a. is unaffected by the degree of humeral abduction.
b. is affected by the alignment of the humeral epicondyle with the floor.
c. is obtained when the humerus is abducted to 60 degrees and the central ray to lateral body surface angle is set at 30 degrees.
d. will demonstrate the lateral edge of the coracoid process base aligned with the inferior glenoid cavity.

D

PP. 243-244

47. A poorly positioned inferosuperior axial shoulder projection demonstrates the inferior glenoid cavity medial to the lateral edge of the coracoid process. To obtain an optimal projection,
a. increase the central ray to lateral body surface angle.
b. decrease the central ray to lateral body surface angle.
c. decrease the degree of humeral abduction.
d. elevate the patient on a sponge or washcloth.

B

PP. 242-243

48. An AP oblique shoulder projection (Grashey method) taken with insufficient patient obliquity
a. demonstrates an excessively longitudinally foreshortened clavicle.
b. demonstrates more than 0.25 inch (0.6 cm) of the coracoid process superimposing the humeral head.
c. demonstrates an open glenohumeral joint space.
d. occurs when the patient is in a recumbent position and rotated 45 degrees.

D

P. 248

49. An accurate PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection is obtained
a. when an imaginary line connecting the coracoid process and acromion angle is aligned perpendicular to the IR.
b. when the resulting image demonstrates the superior scapular angle positioned superior to the clavicle.
c. when an imaginary line connecting the coracoid process and acromion angle is aligned parallel with the IR.
d. only when the glenoid cavity superimposes the humeral head.

C

PP. 252-253

50. Which of the following statements is true about an AP axial (Stryker method) projection of the proximal humerus?
a. An optimal image demonstrates the coracoid situated directly medial to the conoid tubercle.
b. An optimal image demonstrates the greater tubercle in profile.
c. It is performed to diagnose the Hill-Sachs defect.
d. It is obtained with the patient's affected arm elevated until the humerus is at a 45-degree angle with the IR.

C

PP. 255-257

51. A poorly positioned AP axial projection (Stryker method) of the proximal humerus demonstrates the lesser tubercle in profile medially. How was the setup mispositioned to obtain such an image?
a. The humerus was elevated to less than a vertical position.
b. The central ray was angled less than the required 10-degree cephalic angle.
c. The humerus was elevated beyond a vertical position.
d. The distal humerus was tilted laterally.

D

P. 258

52. The vertebral and lateral borders of the scapular body are demonstrated without superimposition on a tangential supraspinatus outlet projection. The medial scapular border is demonstrated next to the ribs, and the lateral border is visualized laterally. How should the patient or central ray be repositioned to obtain an optimal image?
a. Increase the degree of patient rotation.
b. Decrease the degree of patient rotation.
c. Tilt the upper midcoronal plane toward the IR.
d. Increase the central ray angulation.

A

P. 261

53. An optimal AP clavicle projection demonstrates all of the following except the
a. midclavicle in the center of the IR.
b. midclavicle superimposing the superior scapular angle.
c. middle and lateral thirds of the clavicle seen superior to the acromion process.
d. medial clavicular end adjacent to the vertebral column.

C

P. 264

54. A poorly positioned AP axial clavicle projection that demonstrates the medial clavicular end drawn away from the vertebral column
a. will also demonstrate the clavicle bowing upward.
b. will also demonstrate a transversely foreshortened clavicle.
c. was obtained with the patient rotated toward the unaffected shoulder.
d. will require a 10-degree cephalic angle to obtain optimal positioning.

A

PP. 264-265

55. An optimal AP scapula projection demonstrates all of the following except the
a. lateral scapular border without thoracic superimposition.
b. superior scapular angle about 0.25 inch (0.6 cm) inferior to the clavicle.
c. humeral shaft at 90 degrees of abduction.
d. glenoid cavity in profile.

D

P. 270

56. An accurately positioned lateral scapula demonstrates
1. superimposed lateral and vertebral scapular borders.
2. the scapular angle superior to the clavicle.
3. the midscapular body at the center of the exposure field.
4. the scapular body and thoracic cavity without superimposition.
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1 and 2 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 1, 3, and 4 only

D

PP. 272-273

57. When positioning for an AP shoulder projection, a kyphotic patient's _____ in spinal _____ will prevent the upper midcoronal plane from being straightened.
a. increase; concavity
b. increase; convexity
c. decrease; concavity
d. decrease; convexity

B

P. 250

58. In an AP shoulder projection with external rotation of the humerus, the greater tubercle will be seen
a. in lateral profile.
b. in medial profile.
c. superimposed with the humeral head.
d. in partial lateral profile.

A

P. 236

59. A Hill-Sachs defect is a(n) _____ fracture that results from _____ dislocations of the humeral head against the _____ rim of the glenoid cavity.
a. avulsion; posterior; posteroinferior
b. compression; anterior; anteroinferior
c. avulsion; anterior; anteroinferior
d. compression; posterior; posteroinferior

B

PP. 243-244

60. An AP AC joint projection with a kyphotic patient will require a _____ angulation of the CR, aligned perpendicular to the _____.
a. caudal, scapular body
b. cephalic, scapular body
c. cephalic, upper one-third of the humerus
d. caudal, upper one-third of the humerus

B

Which projection and position of the shoulder demonstrate the greater tubercle of the humerus in profile?

How can the radiographer demonstrate the lesser tubercle in profile on a humerus exam?

What is the function of the greater and lesser tubercle of the humerus quizlet?

What structure is best demonstrated on the AP projection of the shoulder in internal rotation?