The basic premise of the gestalt principles of perception is that perceptual organization is ____.

Gestalt theory postulates that elements are grouped as per patterns. This is the principle of

1. Proximity
2. Similarity
3. Simplicity
4. Closure

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Proximity

According to Gestaltists, the process of perception does not involve perceiving an array of stimuli as an object but it involves our tendency to seek a form or pattern in it. The literal meaning of the word Gestalt is form or configuration. The basic premise of Gestalt psychology is that ‘the whole is different from the sum of its part’. This implies that an organization (or structured whole, known as Gestalten) gives a different meaning to the perception. 

Law of Organisation: Gestalt principles 

German psychologists Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka proposed new principles for explaining perception called as Gestalt principle:

• Law of Figure-ground Relationship: This principle states that we have a tendency to segregate our world in the form of figure and ground. We always see a figure (image) against the background. The figure is that part of the stimuli which has our focus of the visual field, whereas the ground is the background. The figure has a definite shape and is better remembered whereas, the background is shapeless and has no limits.
• Law of Proximity: This refers to the grouping of elements or objects that occur close together as per patterns. In order to perceive stimuli meaningfully, stimuli that are closer to each other are perceived by us belonging to one group.
• Law of Good Figure/ Law of Pragnanz/Law of Symmetry: According to this principle, we have a tendency to organize stimuli to make the figure balanced or symmetrical. Thus, out of all possible ways of grouping stimuli, we tend to group stimuli in the simplest and stable shape. Thus, we can say that simpler forms are more perceived by us.
• Law of Continuation: This law involves movement. It states that things are organized according to their movement together in a group i.e., stimuli moving in similar directions are perceived as belonging to the same group.
• Law of Closure: We sense so many things but it is the law of closure that completes our perception. The perceptual processes organize our perceptions of the stimulus by filling in the gaps in our sensations.
• Law of Similarity: This principle suggests that things are grouped together according to their similarity. For example, during a cricket match, we tend to group players based on the color of their jerseys.

Hence, we conclude that the above principle is about proximity.

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