The rise to economic prominence of many East Asian nations in the 1980s and 1990s entailed

Abstract

City-regions in Japan, along with its national economy at large, suffered a long lasting recession in the 1990s. In retrospect, this recession was a precedent of or a prelude to the east Asian economic crisis of 1997. The sequence of financial crashes and subsequent recessions that swept over east Asian economies in the past decade is recognisable as an aftermath of economic globalisation since the 1980s in this region. The urban economic malaise in major Japanese cities, Tokyo and Osaka in particular, can be explained by contradictory relations between two major dimensions of globalisation: globalisation of goods-producing/trading activities and that of financial trades. After describing what happened in the Tokyo and Osaka economies in the 1990s, the paper attempts to explain why it happened, applying the two-dimensional model of globalisation.

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Urban Studies is the leading international journal for urban scholarship. Since its inception in 1964, the journal has remained at the forefront of intellectual and policy debates on the city, and has hosted ground-breaking contributions from across the full range of social science disciplines. The Editors aim to maintain and extend the role of Urban Studies as the journal of choice for those working on the cutting edge of academic research about cities. We welcome all original submissions that further our understanding of the urban condition and the rapid changes taking place in cities and regions across the globe, whether from an empirical, theoretical, or a policy perspective. In addition to research articles, Urban Studies publishes peer-reviewed critical commentaries, policy reviews, book reviews besides a regular series of Special Issues. The journal is also committed to developing Social Media as the means of informing debates about the contemporary urban condition. Urban Studies is published in association with Urban Studies Journal Limited.

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The rise to economic prominence of many East Asian nations in the 1980s and 1990s entailed

Practicing Multiple-Choice #48


 

1.
Which of the following best describes an important difference between Karl Marx's theory of socialist revolution and that of V.I. Lenin?

(A) Only Marx stressed the history of the "class struggle" in history.

(B) Only Marx stressed the primary role of the industrial proletariat.

(C) Only Marx thought that a socialist revolution must be achieved through parliamentary reform.

(D) Only Lenin argued that the workers' revolution would have to be led by professional revolutionaries.

(E) Only Lenin argued that revolution would occur in the most industrialized countries.

 
   
2.
Between 1450 and 1750, which of the following were produced on large plantations by slave labor for the world market?

(A) Wheat and barley

(B) Corn and beans

(C) Bananas and oranges

(D) Wool and beef

(E) Sugar and tobacco

 
   
3.
Which of the following is true of both the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal Empire between 1450 and 1750?

(A) The rulers of both believed in strictly separating secular and religious concerns.

(B) The top administrators in both empires were chosen by a system of competitive examinations.

(C) Christianity was prohibited in both empires.

(D) Both empires were established by skilled warriors on horseback who came originally from Central Asia.

(E) Both empires experienced a drastic decline in population after 1500 owing to the spread of diseases brought as a result of contact with Europeans.

 
   
4.
Under the Japanese system of feudalism after 1600, the emperor served as the symbol of authority while real power was held by

(A) the crown prince

(B) the shogun

(C) the samurai class

(D) powerful merchants

(E) Shinto priests

 
   
5.
In nineteenth-century liberal democratic theory, a woman's role was generally portrayed as that of

(A) the mother of citizens

(B) the manager of property

(C) a political participant

(D) a productive worker

(E) a consumer

 
   
6.
Most world historians would agree that the key to European predominance in the world economy during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was

(A) The Industrial Revolution

(B) European medical technology

(C) Spanish control of New World silver

(D) Portuguese naval and firearms technology

(E) the Enlightenment

 
   
7.
Which of the following best describes Middle Eastern trade in the period 1000 to 1450?

(A) A unified Islamic Empire eliminated all internal tariffs and encouraged trade.

(B) The area was engaged in regular trade with China, India, and sub-Saharan Africa.

(C) The Ottoman Empire drained the resources of the area in the Empire's war with India.

(D) The Byzantine Empire and the Russian Empire controlled trade in the area.

(E) The area ceased trading with Europe but continued trading with sub-Saharan Africa.

 
   
8.
The African proverb, "Until the lions have their historians, tales of hunting will always glorify the hunter," conveys which of the following?

(A) Common people need to learn how to write so they can tell their story.

(B) Hunting is a sport that brings glory only to the hunter.

(C) The concept of history is much different in Africa than in Europe or the United States.

(D) History usually reflects the viewpoint of the victors.

(E) Lions are not humans and do not have a history.

 
   
9.
Which of the following best characterizes world trade in the period 1450 to 1750?

(A) Commodities from Africa dominated trade with China and India.

(B) The demand for Asian commodities was financed by New World silver.

(C) International conflict declined because of growing cooperation among international traders.

(D) European dominance of China began.

(E) The African slave trade declined.

 
   
10.
The rise of economic prominence of many East Asian nations in the 1980s and 1990s entailed

(A) the creation of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere by Japan

(B) the emphasis on producing high-value consumer goods for export

(C) the dominance of China's Four Modernizations policy

(D) huge imports of oil, cars, and elctronics into the region from the United States

(E) the decline of the European Economic Community

 
   

 
 
 

Which of the following is characteristic of the Green Revolution of the 1960s through the 1980s?

Which of the following is characteristic of the Green Revolution of the 1960s through the 1980s? It restored tropical forests destroyed by slash-and-burn agriculture.

Which of the following was a demographic trend that was evident in industrialized countries worldwide in the late twentieth century?

What was a demographic trend in industrialized counties worldwide in the late twentieth century? A decline in family size.

Which of the following best describes a difference between the purpose of the institution established in source 1 and the purpose of the institutions established in source 2?

The institution established in Source 1 was intended to prevent war, while the institutions established in Source 2 were intended to promote economic development and international trade.

Which of the following is a similarity between the two historical interpretations above?

Which of the following is a similarity between the two historical interpretations above? Both interpretations offer critical evaluations of the effectiveness of international organizations relative to their respective missions.