What criticisms of economic globalization have emerged and from what sources do they derive quizlet?

• At the level of personal life, many people became more religiously observant, attending mosque, praying regularly, and fasting. Substantial numbers of women, many of them young, urban, and well educated, adopted modest Islamic dress and the veil quite voluntarily. Participation in Sufi mystical practices increased.
• Many governments sought to anchor themselves in Islamic rhetoric and practice.
• Across the Muslim world, renewal movements spawned organizations that operated legally to provide social services that the state offered inadequately or not at all. Islamic activists took leadership roles in unions and professional organizations of teachers, journalists, engineers, doctors, and lawyers. Such people embraced modern science and technology but sought to embed these elements of modernity within a distinctly Islamic culture.
• Some sought the violent overthrow of what they saw as compromised regimes in the Muslim world, succeeding in both Iran and Afghanistan.

• Islamic revolutionaries also took aim at hostile foreign powers, targeting Israel and, after the Soviet invasion of 1979, Afghanistan.
• Others sought to attack Western interests, defining the enemy not as Christianity itself or even Western civilization but as irreligious Western-style modernity, U.S. imperialism, and an American-led economic globalization.

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Global North:
1962: Began with Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring". Action came from the grass roots and citizen protest. Europe: "Limits to Growth", a report of resource exhaustion, was written. Western activists focused much attention to wilderness issues, opposing logging, road building, and other development efforts in remaining unspoiled areas.

Global south:
Environmentalism in developing countries was more locally based with fewer large national organizations than in the West. It involved poor people not middle class; it was less engaged in political lobbying; it was more concerned with issues of food, security, health, & survival rather than the protection of nature; & closely related to movements for social justice. So, environmental protest led to movements seeking to challenge power structures and social classes.

Turkey:
1. The state granted rights to women.
2. Polygamy was abolished. Women were granted equal rights in divorce, inheritance, and child custody.
3. In 1934 Turkish women gained the right to vote and hold public office, a full decade before French women gained that right.
4. Public beaches were opened to women.
5. Women were encouraged to discard the veil or head covering, long associated with Muslim piety, in favor of Western styles of dress.
Iran:
1. Restrictions put on women.
2. By 1983, all women were required to wear loose-fitting clothing and the head covering known as hijab. 3. Sexual segregation was imposed in schools, parks, beaches, and public transportation.
4. The legal age of marriage for girls, set at eighteen under the pre revolutionary regime, was reduced to nine with parental consent.
5. Married women could no longer file for divorce or attend schools.

1.Although feminism had begun in the West in the nineteenth century, it became global in the twentieth, as organized efforts to address the concerns of women took shape across the world.
2.American women responded to Betty Friedan's book, The Feminine Mystique (1963), which disclosed the identity crisis of educated women, unfulfilled by marriage and motherhood.
3.Colonialism, racism, poverty, development, political oppression, and sometimes revolution

1. Large concentrations of people consumed huge amounts of food, energy, and water and in turn emitted enormous amounts of sewage, garbage, carbon dioxide, and toxic substances.
2. Certainly, the poorly serviced slums and loosely regulated manufacturing enterprises of many cities across the planet created ecological disasters that destroyed the environment and damaged the health of residents.
3. Elite neighborhoods boasted safe water, sewage systems, electricity, and fire and police services. On a per person basis, however, city living sometimes reduced electricity consumption and carbon emissions because public transportation, energy-efficient residences, and smaller families lessened the impact of humans on the environment.

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