What factors led to anti imperialist sentiments following World War I and World War II Quizlet

Upgrade to remove ads

Only ₩37,125/year

Terms in this set (123)

What were the main causes of American Imperialism?

Economic concerns, the closing of the frontier, peer pressure, naval/trade concerns, racism

Describe the economy that contributed to imperialist sentiment

America needed more people to purchase their products ,so they decided to rely on foreign markets

America also had a lack of cheap raw materials since industrialization and protective tariffs that took place

Describe how peer pressure encouraged Imperialist sentiment

Peer pressure from the "Great Powers of Europe" and Japan were carving up Asia and Africa to their own liking, the US felt a constant need to also contribute and keep up with the other powers

What was Social Darwinism?

The idea that because Americans were so successful, the white race and American culture were naturally supreme to all others

What were the beliefs of Josiah Strong? Where did they previously occur?

The belief that it was the duty of Americans to civilize the "savage" non-whites and bring them to Christianity. This was previously shown largely in the American attitude towards Native Americans as well

What was "The White Man's Burden"?

The idea that a white man's superior culture MUST be spread, despite how challenging it may be.

What do Josiah strong, "The White Man's Burden", and social darwinism all have in common with Imperialism?

They were all fueled by the racist idea that the white man needed to better the society of uncivilized nonwhite savages

What was Frederick Jackson Turner's "Frontier Thesis"

The explanation that America had developed its work ethic, morals, cultures, institutions, etc. all from their experience on the frontierq

How did Frederick Jackson Turner's "frontier thesis" expand to imperialism?

Because most of American institutions are derived from the essence of the frontier, America needs foreign frontiers to keep it strong

What was Alfred T Mahan's "The Influence of Sea Power upon History"? What was its impact?

The belief that a more powerful navy simulated trade, and colonies were needed as supply depots for the navy

This significantly impacted Teddy Roosevelt and swung him towards Big Stick Diplomacy

Describe the basics of the purchase of Alaska

Alaska was purchased by secretary of state William Seward in 1867 for 7 million dollars from Russia.

Why/ How was the purchase of Alaska mocked?

The purchase of Alaska was nicknamed "Seward's Folly" or "Seward's Icebox" because it was very unnecessarily purchased from Russia, because it was advertised as such a promised land, when in reality it was mainly just a block of ice in the public eye

Keep in mind this was also during the last stretch of Johnson's control over the federal government befrore Republicans took over Reconstructions, so this purchase was most likely to just get SOME public support on an issue that wasn't completely contradictory

What was the importance of Hawaii to the US?

Hawaii could be the hub of Atlantic sea ports, providing a great port/pit stop on way to the far East

What was the economy in Hawaii like after Americans took control over the islands?

Americans enforced plantation-based agriculture that was much similar to the American agricultural system in the South

What did Queen Liliuokalani do in defiance to the US intervention in Hawaiian affairs?

She started the "Hawaii for Hawaiians" campaign that tried to limit the political and economic power the plantation owners had on the islands

How did the American businessman react to Queen L?

They overthrew Queen L, claiming to the US government that she was too corrupt and the islands were in need of rescue, and declared the Republic of Hawaii in 1893

Who led the Republic of Hawaii beginning in 1893?

Sanford Dole- related to the same plantation owner starting up Dole fruit company

When was Hawaii annexed by the US? Why did it have strong support?

Hawaii was annexed by the US in 1893 and many people supported it, mainly because of the economic benefits of merging with such a raw material factory as Hawaii and its convenient location in regards to the far Eastern countries

What were the overall American Sentiments that contributed to the Spanish-American War?

The Americans were experienced serious imperialist and expansionist sentiment at the time, as encouraged by many different important political figures and authors

What occurred in Cuba preceding the Spanish-American War?

in 1895, Cuba began to revolt against Spanish rule

Why did most Americans sympathize with the Cuban struggle for independence?

It reminded them of America's previous struggle for independence, and they had a long history of the Monroe Doctrine

What were the three immediate cause of the Spanish-American War?

The de Lome letter, the explosion of the US Battleship Maine, yellow journalism

Describe the de Lome Letter. What did it cause?

A significantly in power Spanish Official wrote a letter that was critical of president James McKinley, and was printed in US Newspapers. The letter was inflammatory and started anti-spanish sentiment throughout the US

Describe the Explosion of the Maine. What did it cause?

The US Battleship Maine had exploded in Havana Harbor, and the Americans had believed it to be due to a spanish missile, however it was now discovered it was due to an internal fault.

This causes the American people to look for someone to blame for this "tragedy" and obviously they look to Spain, by now pretty fired up against them.

What is Yellow Journalism? What did it promote?

Gross exaggeration of events to sell more newspapers.

Most yellow journalists advocated for jingoism

What is jingoism?

Strong pro-american sentiment advocating for the Spanish American war and imperialism. Overall just for aggressive foreign policy.

Who were the two major competing yellow journalists in the Progressive Era?

William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer

What did the Pulitzer-Hearst competition do for the war sentiment?

Because both tried to exaggerate more to sell more newspapers, the entire situation with Spain was blown out of proportion, causing Americans to feel more pro-war and leading the general public away from isolationism

What did the Teller Amendment State?

The US was only fighting the War for Cuban Independence and now to intervene in foreign affairs

This also made it clear that the US was not planning on annexing Cuba before entering war.

Where did the Spanish-American war start?

In the Philippines, where Commodore Dewey destroys a Spanish fleet, keying in an easy American victory

Describe the US' situation in regards to war.

The US was very unprepared for war, however we were superior already in all aspects to Spain

What was the most dramatic event in the Spanish American war?

The Rough Riders led by Teddy Roosevelt have an overwhelming success in the battle of San Juan Hill

What ended the Spanish American War?

The Treaty of Paris (this is the 3rd Treaty of Paris)!

What was laid out in the Treaty of Paris?

Cuba had gained its independence,
Spain gave the US Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines
The US gives Spain $20 million

What was the overall impact of the Spanish American War?

The US became an imperial power

What organization led the Anti-Imperialists?

The American Anti-Imperialist League began in 1889

Who were the most prominent members of the American Anti-Imperialist league?

Andrew Carnegie, Grover Cleveland, Mark Twain, William Jennings Bryan

What were the three main arguments of the anti-imperialists?

Moral arguments, Practical Arguments, and Racial Arguments

Describe the moral argument of the anti-imperialists

Imperialism violated the principles of the Declaration of Independence (specifically in other countries)

Describe the racist arguments of the anti-imperialists

Some anti-imperialists didn't want any inferior races intermingling with the Superior Americans

What were the practical arguments of the anti-imperialists?

Empires were expensive, difficult to manage, and overall just unnecessary

What was the outcome of anti-imperialists?

During the progressive era, anti-imperialists were never very powerful

What was the most controversial aspect of making peace with Spain?

The acquisition of the Philippines

Why was the acquisition of the Philippines controversial?

It was too far away to be governed properly, oversteps its bounds on the Philippines who had thought they had earned independence,
some viewed the Filipino people unfit to be Americans,
it violated the principles of the declaration of independence
the Filipino insurrection was a hassle

What was the Filipino Insurrection

The Filipino people, previously planning on independence, revolt against the US government controlling them
Tens of Thousands were killed putting down the insurrection (more than Spanish American)
AKA the "Filipino-American War"

What plan was laid out in the Platt Amendment?

Cuba was an independent nation, however the US has a right to a naval base in Cuba and US has a say in Cuban diplomacy, and could intervene in Cuban affairs if they threaten democracy.

What was the result of the Platt Amendment in the US relationship with Cuba?

Friendship between the two never developed and the US was viewed as a bully

What were the Insular Cases?

Downs v. Bidwell. The Supreme Court debated what the extent of the law and federal protection should be in colonies of the US.

What was the final effect of Downs v. Bidwell?

The constitution did not apply to colonies, and natives to the colonies were not fully US Citizens and did not have the same rights

After the Insular cases, how did the theory of colonization and imperialization change?

Colonies and territories were not intended to be states, and colonists were not on the path to citizenship

What was the economic foreign policy of America in regards to Asia in the progressive era?

the US supported free trade and commercial ties with Asian countries

Why did the US support free trade with Asia?

Asian trade and markets were viewed as essential to national economic prosperity

What were the major keys to US economic prosperity in Asia?

China was viewed as a major key to prosperity, however the US believed other places American-owned were key to accessing the west (such as the Philippines)

How did the US establish commercial ties with Japan?

Commodore Matthew Perry sailed an American fleet to Japan in 1853 and signed a commercial treaty

What did the US pursue in China economically during Imperialist america?

An "Open Door Policy"

What did the "Open Door Policy" entail?

China would be rid of the restrictive European "spheres of influence" on trade, and promoted free trade everywhere in China

Some viewed this as a heroic effort for Americans, however some also just viewed it as selfish

During the Progressive / Imperialist Era, what was the American perspective on Asian Immigration?

THEY DID NOT WANT IT (primarily for racist reasons)

How did California react to the influx of Asian Immigrants?

Denied Asian rights to vote in 1879

What did the Chinese Exclusion Act?

Prohibits Chinese immigration into the US for 10 years (kept repeating with presidents)

How did California schools react to influx of Japanese immigrants?

San Francisco school board workers decided to segregate all Japanese students in 1906

This vastly angers Japan and creates hostile relationships between the two.

What was the Gentleman's Agreement?

Both leader of Japan and TR feeling very hostile towards each other agree not to let each other's people immigrate to the other countries (mainly for the US this means no more Japanese into the US)

Signed in 1908

What was the overall concept of Teddy Roosevelt's "Big Stick/Gunboat Diplomacy"

The US officially becomes the policeman of the Western Hemisphere

In general, what did TR do in Latin American countries to Implement Big Stick Diplomacy?

TR Mainly just would intervene with US military in Latin American countries to ensure that American interests in the Western Hemisphere are protected (spread of democracy, accessible trade, etc.)

When was the true beginning of the terminology of "Big Stick" diplomacy? was this a pattern?

The US intervened in European attempts to harshly collect debts from the Dominican Republic in Santo Domingo.

The US exercised a huge pattern of intervening when Europe attempts to collect debts from Latin American countries after gaining their independence

What was the Roosevelt Corollary?

Teddy Roosevelt's Amendment to the Monroe Doctrine, claiming that the US was now allowed to intervene anywhere in the Western Hemisphere when countries were not able to protect themselves

What was the most important use of Roosevelt's "Big Stick"?

The construction of the Panama Canal

What inspired TR to build the Panama Canal? Why?

The Spanish- American war, because the Pacific navy was unable to assist conflict in Cuba, and TR decided he wanted his navy to easily cover both oceans.

How did events in panama lead to the agreement to build the Panama Canal?

Panama declared independence from Colombia and TR quickly sent in US military to protect Panama, then bullied Panama into giving US permission to build the canal on terms much more favorable to the US

What was the Hay-Bunua Villa Treaty?

Created in 1909 it gave US control over the canal for 99 years, in which TR had strong-armed Panama to agree because it was so in Favor of the US

What did Taft think about Roosevelt's presidency?

TR was too much of a military bully

What did Taft think should be the primary foreign policy?

"Dollar Diplomacy"

What was "Dollar Diplomacy"?

The foreign policy idea that America should use economic pressure over other countries and protect American investments.

Overall the goal was to use less military and be more economically based

What eventually happens to Dollar Diplomacy?

Eventually, Taft just ends up using military intervention in Latin American countries to get what he wants

How did Woodrow Wilson view Taft's foreign policy?

He believed that Taft was too greedy

What was "Moral Diplomacy"?

Wilson's foreign policy. He believed the purpose of American involvement in less developed countries should be to spread American morals and ideas.

What ended up happening to "Moral Diplomacy"?

Yet again, the whole policy ended up intervening militarily in several countries across Latin America and the Caribbean

What was the most notable foreign military intervention during Wilson's presidency?

The US military entered Mexico to Capture Poncho Villa, a significant figure in the Mexican Revolution

What were the main reasons America wanted neutrality during WWI?

The US ethnically was divided among both sides of the war, and had loyalties on both sides

The US was prospering from trade with allies

Financial system of the munitions industry were very profitable from war time trade, entering war would limit this.

The US had a legacy of not intervening in European Wars

What were the 5 main reasons for America entering WWI?

German naval policy (!!!!!)
American Economic Interests
Wilson's Idealism
America's Desire to be a World Power
Zimmerman Note

What was the German naval policy during WWI?

During war times, the German U-Boats exercised unrestricted submarine warfare on the US

Describe the sinking of the Lusitania

In 1915 German U-Boats sank a British Passenger ship with a little over 100 American passengers on board. They did this on the belief there was materials for the allies on board (which there was)

How did Wilson react to the German attacks on random ships?

Wilson demanded that Germany stop sinking American ships without warning (or at all).

Wilson held Germany responsible for all this damage

What was "Strict Accountability"?

Wilson's policy that Germany needs to be more responsible for unrestricted submarine warfare, and it needs to stop

Did Germany follow "Strict Accountability"?

In the beginning yes, but ultimately they abandoned it, starting WWI

What was the greatest cause of the US entering WWI?

German naval policy and unrestricted submarine warfare

What trade pattern could be noticed as WWI?

America began increasing trade with the Allies and cutting it off with the Central powers, already showing a trend away from neutrality

Why had America become the "Arsenal of Democracy"?

Due to trade patterns, the US had the largest munitions industry of the time

Why was America already financially invested in the War?

The US had loaned billions to the Allies, and needed the Allies to win to be paid back

What was the overall concept of Wilson's idealism for involvement in WWI? How did he intend to this?

He wanted to "make the world safe for democracy"

He wanted to make long-lasting peace by Wilson's 14 points

Pushed for self-determination for all nations

Also expressed many progressive ideals

What was the Zimmerman Note?

Germany writes a letter coded to Mexico to get them to Attack the US and join them in warfare, in exchange for return of the land grant in the Mexican Cession.

The US intercepted the note and published it in newspapers across the country

Why did America's desire to be a World Power contribute to them entering WWI?

The US wanted to honor the freedom of the seas it had implemented

The US wanted to take part in the war to take part in the Peace process

How many American men served in WWI?

4.8 million

What was the overall impact of WWI on the American economy?

It heightened federal regulation of the economy to unprecedented levels

What were war boards?

Combinations of federal officials, business leaders, and labor leaders working together to stop labor strikes

What was the Food Administration during WWI?

War Board overseeing production and distribution of food

How did WWI impact business?

Businesses boom and unemployment nearly disappears

How were there more opportunities for African Americans during WWI?

African Americans could serve in the war in segregated units,

Leaving soldiers left plenty more opportunity for jobs in the North for African Americans

What was the Great Migration during WWI?

Many Southern Blacks move north to cities in search of northern factory jobs

What were opportunities for women during WWI?

Women could serve industrial jobs, as well as serving in non-fighting military positions

In addition, women were finally granted suffrage with the 19th amendment

How did the government finance WWI?

In addition to increasing taxes, the government also sold Victory and Liberty Bonds (people literally invested into the war directly by providing the government with money, the government would pay it back in full with interest)

Who issued wartime propaganda?

The Committee for Public Information

What was the goal of wartime propaganda?

To get the American Public to fully support the US decision to go to war

What were the themes of wartime propaganda?

The US was fighting for democracy and freedom
Germans were barbarians, and it was possible they would invade the US
Everyone could do something to help the US war effort
Everyone should buy war bonds from the government

Why did the government attack several civil liberties on the homefront in wartime?

The government was afraid that people were not supporting the government enough, fearful of labor strikes, etc. Also afraid of people selling secrets

People were resisting drafts too much

What is the espionage act?

Made it illegal to interfere with any draft or recruitment process during war,

censorship of all mail (specifically for anti-war pamphlets and delay of draft letters)

What was the sedition act?

It was illegal to write or speak in public against the US war efforts

What was Schenck vs US?

The supreme court about a man speaking out against the government's war efforts by mailing anti-war pamphlets to everyone. He was not protected by the law or constitution in this case

Overall ruled that actions can be judged primarily by circumstance

This led to the "Clear and Present Danger" test

What was the "Clear and Present Danger" Test?

If a US Citizen says or reveals information harming the US while it is under Clear or Present Danger, it is a threat to the government and can be punished

What was Wilson's ideas towards the end of the war overall?

He believed that the war served a higher purpose for permanent peace, and became a crusader for international reform and advocated for progressive ideals through his 14 points

What were the main points of Wilson's 14 Points?

Wilson's 14 Points were his idealist plans to reform the world after the war so permanent peace would be in place

1. Reform the colonial system
2. Free international trade
3. Self-Determination
4. Redrawing European Borders
5. Freedom of the Seas
6. Open Diplomacy
7. League of Nations

What is Open Diplomacy?

Countries cannot have anymore secret treaties or alliances

What was the League of Nations?

Wilson's ideal and premature version of the United Nations

What was Wilson's thoughts behind the League of Nations?

Nations can work together to establish international peace, rather than having only one act as a policeman

What was Wilson's most important point?

The League of Nations. He abandoned the rest of his points to get it included.

Did other world leaders agree with Wilson's policies?

NO! In Versailles most countries wanted to punish Germany rather than reform all

The only point Wilson managed and fought to keep was the League of Nations

How did the US Congress react to the Treaty of Versailles?

The US did not approve- felt unsure about the Treaty and the League of Nations

Why did the US Congress disapprove of the League of Nations?

The Congress was unconvinced that the League would benefit the US, but thought it would hurt America's sovereignty and force the country into more affairs and wars

How did Wilson's character and attitude worsen his case for the Treaty of Versailles?

He refused to compromise on anything about the league, and his personal feud with anti-league republican senator Henry Cabot Lodge clouded his vision

Who was Wilson's primary competitor during the establishment of the Treaty of Versailles?

Henry Cabot Lodge, Republican senator who hated the League

What happened to Wilson that did not allow him to spread awareness of the League of nations?

Wilson had a debilitating stroke that made him to weak to go on his planned tour across the country to rally support for the League of Nations

Who were the "Irreconcilables"?

Led by Lodge, the group who refused to accept the League of Nations on any terms

What happened to the treaty of Versailles in the US? The league of nations?

The treaty was brought to the US Congress twice, and failed both times. The US obviously then never signed.

The US never joined the league of Nations as well

What did the failure of the US in the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations Signify?

The US was slowly resorting back to its previous policy of isolationism

Ch. 18 notes

57 terms

marytaborgray

Ch. 18 notes

57 terms

Tyrarichardson21

Unit 1 Test: Major Concepts Chapter 18

16 terms

dgavagan1

Us history chapter 10 review

42 terms

osaydmohamad

Manifest Destiny

15 terms

Katelyn_Sesolak

Supreme Court Cases you NEED to know for the APUSH…

13 terms

Katelyn_Sesolak

Chapter 14- Western Expansion and Slavery

88 terms

Katelyn_Sesolak

APUSH Unit 10

121 terms

Katelyn_Sesolak

Lit Terms 5-7

22 terms

Katelyn_Sesolak

Las Cláusulas Adverbiales

20 terms

Katelyn_Sesolak

Chapter 53: Population Ecology

48 terms

Katelyn_Sesolak

Poetry Analysis Quiz Vocab

23 terms

Katelyn_Sesolak

Midterm #1 Clicker questions

11 terms

kayla_figone

cH 29- Caring for Persons with Mental Health Disor…

59 terms

Roryissoft1204PLUS

LD #2 Criminal Justice System

22 terms

mskaylar

BIO 231 Unit 1 Study Guide Part 3

45 terms

accordionkb

QUESTION

What is the difference between Colonialism and Imperialism?

15 answers

QUESTION

What were the Spanish "reconcentration camps"?

9 answers

QUESTION

How did the European imperial interests shift geographically in the 19th century?How was the free trade related to the expansion of European influence around the world?

5 answers

QUESTION

What were the effects of the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811?

10 answers

Which of the following most directly contributed to the anti imperialist sentiments expressed in the excerpt?

What was the historical context for the Cold War after World War 2 quizlet?

What did anti imperialists believe quizlet?

What were the causes of imperialism quizlet?