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Infant CPR is similar to the procedure for adult CPR. However, there are a few important differences, including:
As with child CPR, lone rescuers should begin 2 minutes of CPR on infants before activating the EMS system. If there are multiple rescuers, one rescuer should activate EMS and locate a defibrillator, while the other rescuers begin CPR.
During compressions on an infant patient, depress the chest about 1.5 inches. In the child and adult procedure, rescuers should depress the chest 2 inches.
If two rescuers are performing CPR, the ratio of compressions to rescue breaths is 15:2. The ratio for lone rescuers and all adult procedures is 30:2.
A manual defibrillator is preferred for infant patients, although an automatic defibrillator may be used if a manual defibrillator is not available.
As with adult CPR, work quickly and minimize interruptions.
If a patient is conscious and responsive while choking, the rescuer should use several abdominal thrusts to clear the airway. Abdominal thrusts are given by standing behind the patient, wrapping the arms around the patient's waist, and rapidly thrusting the fists into the patient's abdomen. The thrusting motion will force air into the lungs and cause the object to become dislodged. This procedure is often called the Heimlich maneuver. Abdominal thrusts can be used on adults and children over the age of one year, but it is not recommended for infants.
Abdominal thrusts are also not recommended for obese adults or pregnant women. In these cases, chest thrusts should be used instead of abdominal thrusts. Chest thrusts are given by standing behind the patient, wrapping the arms around the patient's chest, and rapidly compressing the patient's chest.
Before abdominal thrusts are given, the rescuer must ask the patient, "Are you choking?" If the patient answers the question verbally or begins to cough, the airway is not completely blocked, and abdominal thrusts should not be given. Abdominal thrusts should only be used on conscious patients with completely blocked airways.
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