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everything you need to know (vocab and people) from chapter 8 for sociology! Terms in this set (56)absolute poverty a minimum level of subsistence that no family should be expected to live below achieved status a social position that a person attains largely through his or her own efforts ascribed status a social position assigned to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics bourgeoisie Karl Marx's term for the capitalist class, comprising the owners of the means of production capitalism an economic system in which the means of production are held largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits caste a hereditary rank, usually religiously dictated, that tends to be fixed and immobile
class a group of people who have a similar level of wealth and income class consciousness in Karl Marx's view, a subjunctive awareness held by members of a class regarding their common vested interests and the need for collective political action to bring about social change class system a social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility closed system a social system in which there is little or no possibility of individual social mobility corporate welfare tax breaks, bailouts, direct payments, and grants that the government gives to corporations digital divide the relative lack of access to the latest technologies among low-income groups, racial and ethnic minorities, rural residents, and the citizens of developing countries dominant ideology a set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests estate system a system of stratification under which peasants were required to work land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection and other services; also known as feudalism esteem the reputation that a specific person has earned within an occupation false consciousness a term used by Karl Marx to describe an attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately reflect their objective position feminization of poverty a trend in which women constitute an increasing proportion of the poor people of the United States horizontal mobility the movement of an individual from one social position to another of the same rank income salaries and wages intergenerational mobility changes in the social position of children relative to their parents intragenerational mobility changes in social position within a person's adult life life chances the opportunities people have to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable life experiences objective method a technique for measuring social class that assigns individuals to classes on the basis of criteria such as occupation, education, income, and place of residence open system a social system in which the position of each individual is influenced by his or her achieved status power the ability to exercise one's will over others precarious work employment that is poorly paid, and from the worker's perspective, insecure and unprotected prestige the respect and admiration that an occupation holds in a society proletariat Karl Marx's term for the working class in a capitalist society relative poverty a floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of a society, whatever their lifestyles, are judged to be disadvantaged in comparison with the nation as a whole slavery a system of enforced servitude in which some people are owned by other people social inequality a condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power social mobility movement of individuals or groups from one position in a society's stratification system to another socioeconomic status a measure of social class that is based on income, education, and occupation status group people who have the same prestige or lifestyle, independent of their class positions stratification a structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society underclass the long-term poor who lack training and skills vertical mobility the movement of an individual from one social position to another of a different rank wealth an inclusive term encompassing all a person's material assets, including land, stocks, and other types of property Daniel Rossides used five-class model to describe the class system of the US: upper class, upper-middle class, lower-middle class, working class, and lower class. Richard Jenkins showed how the ascribed status of being disabled marginalizes a person in the US labor market John Kenneth Galbraith economist; observed that "of all classes the rich are the most noticed and the least studied." Karl Marx concerned with stratification; main focus was income inequality; examined social relations within capitalism Max Weber insisted that no single characteristic (such as class) totally defines a person's position within the stratification system; instead he identified three distinct components of stratification: class, status, and power Thorstein Veblen noted that those at the top of the social hierarchy typically convert part of their wealth into conspicuous consumption (big house, lots of cars) or conspicuous leisure (flying somewhere remote for dinner). Gunnar Landtman anthropologist; studied the Kiwai Papuans of New Guina Kingsley Davis, Wilbert Moore said that society must distribute its members among a variety of social positions; also argued that stratification is universal and social inequality is necessary. Functionalists Ralf Dahrendorf modified Marx's analysis of capitalist society to apply to modern capitalist societies. Conflict theorist Gerhard Lenski described how economic systems change as their levels of technology becomes more complex, beginning with hunting and gathering and culminating eventually with industrial society Paul Samuelson economist; said "If we made an income pyramid out of building blocks, with each layer portraying $500 of income, the peak would be far higher that Mount Everest, but most people would be within a few feet of the ground." Arne L. Kalleberg offered five social indicators that precarious work is increasing and economic downturn will happen Michael Harrington wrote The Other America William Julius Wilson used the term "underclass" to describe the long-term poor who lack training and skills Herbert Gans argued that various segments of society actually benefit from the existence of the poor William Ryan psychologist; noted that affluent people may justify inequality (and gain a sense of satisfaction) by blaming the victims of poverty for their disadvantaged condition Max Weber saw class as being closely related to people's life chances Pitirim Sorokin first sociologist to distinguish between horizontal and vertical mobility Sets with similar termsSoc Ch. 8 (Stratification)44 terms mstuhlma Schafer Ch 859 terms Owen_Mitchell54 soc ch839 terms lulu_oboyle Ch 9 Stratification and Social Mobility in the Uni…38 terms MasonD3 Sets found in the same folderchapter 6-10 racial and ethnic groups schaefer67 terms Isabella_Campece Conflict Theory10 terms edben24 Chapter 6 & 7 Practice Quiz22 terms pamdpop Introduction to Sociology Chapter 330 terms droundtreeswain Other sets by this creator
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SOCIOLOGY Complete the sentence using each term once. a. monogamy b. polyandry c. polygyny d. exogamy e. endogamy f. homogamy g. patrilineal h. blended family i. dual-employed marriage j. boomerang kids. A marriage in which both partners work for pay is called ________. Verified answer
SOCIOLOGY Match terms a-e with statements. a. population b. representative sample c. random sample d. sample e. survey. A sample that has basically the same relevant characteristics as the population Verified answer
SOCIOLOGY Identify which of the major perspectives describes the examples below. a. Corporate executives make more money because they decide who gets what in their organizations. b. Engineers make more money than butlers because of their education c. Poor children tend to have low self-esteem Verified answer
SOCIOLOGY Compare and contrast the explanations given by functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism for the existence of poor people in the United States. Verified answer Other Quizlet setsPhysiology chapter 1269 terms tommi_nichols6 Critical Care15 terms kati_frindt Ephesians 4 & 527 terms Stacy_Hepburn community ch 5,1264 terms Savannah_Boll7 Related questionsQUESTION What did Clifford Geertz suggest about Balinese cockfighting as a cultural artifact? 11 answers QUESTION Based on the reading, "the mark of a criminal record," how do criminal records affect white people in comparisons to black people when job hunting 2 answers QUESTION According to Sutherland (The Case of the Gypsy Offender), a young Gypsy man was indicted by the government for 2 answers QUESTION Robert Merton's term for a preoccupation with rules and regulations to the point of thwarting an organizations goals? 2 answers What is the term for a social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility?Class system A social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved. characteristics can influence social mobility.
Which term refers to the ranking of people in society based on their wealth power and family background and is often related to competition within the community quizlet?Terms in this set (10) Which of the following statements best describes social stratification? It is a society's ranking of people based on their access to valued resources such as wealth, power, and prestige.
What is the sociological term used to describe the hierarchical ranking or grading of people and groups into layers in a society?Social stratification is the term used to describe the ranking or grading of people and groups into hierarchical layers. The United States is founded on the idea that all people should enjoy equal status within the confines of a classless society.
What are social hierarchies quizlet?An organized structure of groups of people within a society.
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What is the term for a social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility quizlet?
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