~Wear gloves, according to Standard Precautions, when it can be reasonably anticipated that contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials, mucous membranes, non-intact skin, potentially contaminated skin or contaminated equipment could occur.
~Gloves are not a substitute for hand hygiene.
~If your task requires gloves, perform hand hygiene prior to donning gloves, before touching the patient or
the patient environment.
~Perform hand hygiene immediately after removing gloves.
~Change gloves and perform hand hygiene during patient care, if
gloves become damaged,
gloves become visibly soiled with blood or body fluids following a task,
moving from work on a soiled body site to a clean body site on the same patient or if another clinical indication for hand hygiene occurs.
~Never wear the same pair of gloves in the care of more than one patient.
~Carefully remove gloves
to prevent hand contamination.
~Gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin, or wound infections or colonization with multi drug-resistant bacteria judged by the infection control program, based on current state, regional, or national recommendations, to be of special clinical and epidemiological significance.
~Enteric infections with a low infectious dose or prolonged environmental survival, including: Clostridium difficile
For diapered or incontinent
patients: enterohemorrhagic E. coli. 0157:H7, Shigella, Hep A, rotavirus.
~Respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, enteroviral infections in infants and young children.
~Skin infections that are highly contagious or that may occur on dry skin, including:
Diphtheria (cutaneous)
Herpes simplex virus (neonatal, cellulitis, decubiti)
Impetigo
Major (noncontained) abscesses, cellulitis, decubiti
Pediculosis
Scabies
Staphylococcal furunculosis in infants/young
children
Zoster (disseminated or in Immuno Comp host)
~Viral/hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
~Viral/hemorrhagic infections (ebola, Lassa, or Marburg
Clinical Reasoning Cases in Nursing
7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Mariann M Harding
2,512 solutions
The Human Body in Health and Disease
7th EditionGary A. Thibodeau, Kevin T. Patton
1,505 solutions
The Human Body in Health and Disease
6th EditionGary A. Thibodeau, Kevin T. Patton
1,861 solutions
Medical Language Accelerated
2nd EditionAndrew Cavanagh, Steven Jones
568 solutions
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Terms in this set (14)
PT has TB what type of precautions are needed
Airborne precautions: Focus on diseases that are transmitted by smaller droplets, which remain in the air for longer periods of time. This requires a specially equipped room with a negative air flow referred to as an airborne infection isolation room. Air is not returned to the inside ventilation system but is filtered through a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter and exhausted directly to the outside. All health care personnel wear an N95 respirator every time they enter the room.
PT has pneumonia what type of precautions are needed
Droplet precautions: Focus on diseases that are transmitted by large droplets (greater than 5 microns) expelled into the air and by being within 3 feet of a patient. Droplet precautions require the wearing of a surgical mask when within 3 feet of the patient, proper hand hygiene, and some dedicated-care equipment. An example is a patient with influenza.
PT has MRSA what type of precautions are needed
Standard plus contact precautions: Used for direct and indirect contact with patients and their environment. Direct contact refers to the care and handling of contaminated body fluids.
Contact precautions require a gown and gloves. An example includes blood or other body fluids from an infected patient
Order of PPE
1. Remove and dispose of gloves: Remove one at a time grasping the cuff and pull inside out.With ungloved hand tuck finger inside cuff and remaining glove and pull
off.
2. Remove eyewear/face shield or goggles
3. Untie waist and neck strings of gown, allow gown to fall from shoulders, remove hands from sleeves without touching outside of gown. Hold gown inside out and fold, discard.
4. Remove mask - remove from ears and pull away - do not touch outer surface.
PT has leukemia what precautions are needed
Standard plus protective: • Protective environment: Focuses on a very limited patient population. This form of isolation requires a specialized room with positive airflow. The airflow rate is set at greater than 12 air exchanges per hour, and all air is filtered through a HEPA filter. Patients must wear masks when out of their room during times of construction in area.
6 Components in Chain of Infection
1. Infectious Agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of Exit
4.
Transmission
5. Portal of Entry
6. Host
Identify at least 4 elements that pathogens need to survive:
-food (organic matter)
-Oxygen
-Water/Moisture
-Ideal temperature (68°-109° F)
-pH of 5.0-7.0
-dark environment
List 4 patient risk factors that increase the chance to acquire an infection
-Immunodeficiency
(old and young age)
-chronic diseases
-crowded living conditions
-lack of access to vaccines
-nutritional status
Standard Precautions
apply to blood, blood products, all body fluids, secretions, excretions (except sweat), nonintact skin, and mucous membranes - applies to all patientsThe second tier of precautions
includes precautions designed for the care of patients who are known or suspected to be infected or colonized with microorganisms transmitted by droplet, airborne, or contact routes
Transmission Based precautions
based on the mode of transmission of a disease: Airborne, Droplet, Contact, and Protective Environment Precautions.
Airborne Transmission
Focus on diseases that are transmitted by smaller droplets, which remain in the air for longer periods of time. This requires a specially equipped room with a negative air flow referred to as an airborne infection isolation room. Air is not returned to the inside ventilation system but is filtered through a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter and exhausted directly to the outside. All health care personnel wear an N95 respirator every time they enter the room.
Droplet Transmission
Focus on diseases that are transmitted by large droplets (greater than 5 microns) expelled into the air and by being within 3 feet of a patient. Droplet precautions require the wearing of a surgical mask when within 3 feet of the patient, proper hand hygiene, and some dedicated-care equipment. An example is a patient with influenza.
Contact Transmission
Used for direct and indirect contact with patients and their environment. Direct contact refers to the care and handling of contaminated body fluids. Contact precautions require a gown and gloves. An example includes blood or other body fluids from an infected patient that enter the health care worker's body through direct contact with compromised skin or mucous membranes. Indirect contact involves the transfer of an infectious agent through a contaminated intermediate object such as contaminated instruments or hands of health care workers. The health care worker may transmit microorganisms from one patient site to another if hand hygiene is not performed between patients
Protective Environment
Focuses on a very limited patient population. This form of isolation requires a specialized room with positive airflow. The airflow rate is set at greater than 12 air exchanges per hour, and all air is filtered through a HEPA filter. Patients must wear masks when out of their room during times of construction in area.
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