A pre-referral strategy to determine whether a comprehensive assessment for special education is warranted.
(Early Childhood):
Part of the assessment and evaluation process for early intervention that identifies children who are not within normal ranges of development, need further evaluation, and who may be candidates for early intervention programs.
Schoolwide screening (also known as universal screening):
An assessment characterized as a quick, low-cost,
repeatable test of age-appropriate critical skills (e.g., identifying letters of the alphabet or reading a list of high-frequency words) or behaviors (e.g., tardiness or discipline reports). Measures are not too complicated and can be administered by someone with a minimal amount of training.
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Planning improves focus and flexibility. Focus and flexibility are important to the performance of both people and organizations in highly competitive and dynamic
environments.
Planning improves action orientation. Planning keeps people and organizations
focused on the actions that are needed to stay competitive and to become better at what they are doing. Planning helps make people and organizations more
oriented toward results, priorities, advantages, and change.
Planning improves coordination. Planning helps individuals, groups, and subsystems within organizations make meaningful contributions to the organization as a whole, even as they pursue their specific tasks and objectives.
Planning improves control. Planning facilitates control by defining objectives and desired performance results, and identifying specific actions through which they are to be pursued.
Planning improves
time management. Each day, managers are bombarded by a multitude of tasks and demands. They work in a setting of frequent interruptions, crises, and unexpected events. Consequently, it can be easy to lose track of objectives and fall prey to "time wasters."
A, B, C, D
Feedback:
The four overarching goals for the health of the nation are the following:
To attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
To achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups
To create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
To promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy
behaviors across all life stages
A, B, E
Feedback:
Population variables include size, density, composition, rate of growth or decline, cultural characteristics, social class structure, and mobility. Pregnant teens are a subculture of teenagers. Cultural differences are population variables along with the numbers, social class, and mobility. Health needs vary among subculture and ethnic populations. Geographic placement reflects location. Functions of community organizations and social class reflect the social system.
D
Feedback:
It was proposed by Mundinger and Jauron that the use of nursing diagnoses in the community could be formulated by substituting the terms, client, family, group, or aggregate for the word patient. Community health nurses look for evidence of all kinds of needs that relate to or influence a client's levels of wellness. Needs cover the whole span of the health-illness continuum and the total person, family, group, aggregate, population, or community—the total system. Not all clients are communities. They may be individuals or families. Not all clients are in the category of groups, aggregates, or populations. A client can be an individual or a family. When using the epidemiological triad, there are three components: host, agent, and environment. A client would be considered the host. An agent is a factor that causes or contributes to a health problem or condition.
A, B, C, D
Feedback:
Structure of a community refers to its services and resources. Community associations, groups, and organizations provide a means for accessing needed services. Adequacy and appropriateness of health services can be determined by examining patterns of use, number and types of health and social services, and quality measures. Demographic data, such as socioeconomic and racial distribution, age, gender, and educational level, are important indicators of community structure. Status/people is the most common measure of the health of a community
B
Feedback:
Primary sources of information include community members, including formal leaders, informal leaders, and community members, and can frequently offer the most accurate insights and comprehensive information. Information gathered by talking to people provides primary data, because the data are obtained directly from the community. The World Health Organization is an international source of information. State health department is a state source of data. Other community health nurses as well as health team members, client records, community health (vital) statistics, census bureau data, reference books, and research reports are secondary sources of information.