Comparison of Economic ExchangeSimilarities and Differences among various trade networks: Show
Similarities:
 Silk Road Caravanserai. Image Courtesy of gounesco.com Differences:
Resources:Unit 2 Overview: Networks of ExchangeWelcome to the second unit of AP World History! This unit covers the same time period as Unit 1 (1200-1450). However, where unit 1 discussed the political structures in the world during this time, this unit, called “Networks of Exchange,” discusses the major worldwide economic changes. The increase in global trade networks is what will mark the post-classical era. This unit covers the ways that these trade networks facilitated economic and cultural exchanges and how trade changed between the classical and post-classical eras. The curriculum focuses on the Silk Roads, Indian Ocean Trade Routes, and Trans-Saharan Trade Routes, along with their effects on culture, the environment, technology, and the global economy. Contextualizing The UnitBefore we look at the new changes in global trade in the period 1200-1450, let’s take a quick look at the big picture. Major trade routes grew during the classical period between 600 BCE and 600 CE. These included the Silk Roads and Indian Ocean Routes. These trade routes connected empires such as the Roman Empire, Han China, and the Mauryan and Gupta Empires in India, which allowed goods and ideas to transfer between empires. After the fall of Rome and Han China, the post-classical era began and ushered in a new era of expanded trade. As empires like the Byzantine Empire, Abbasid Caliphate, and the Majapahit grew, so did trade. This unit can be contextualized by understanding the basic idea that during the post-classical era, new human connections began, and the existing connections expanded. Take a look at these two maps from the classical era and post-classical era showing this change: Image From Freemanpedia. Image From Freemanpedia. Effects of Growth in TradeEconomic Impacts As an economic activity, the expansion of trade fundamentally changed the way the global economy functioned. More than ever, empires relied on trade to grow and consolidate power along with spreading influence. In China, people began to use new financial tools, such as paper money, as a medium of exchange for goods. Many empires grew explicitly because of the increase in trade, such as the trade empires along the Swahili Coast in Africa or Southeast Asian empires. New technology such as the saddle and new boats such as Islamic dhows and Chinese junks also sped up the rate at which trade continues. Groups of traders known as caravans increased the supply of trade goods and trade cities such as Timbuktu and Samarkand grew as trade centers. These economic impacts will continue into future units as the growth of trade becomes a global trend that doesn’t stop. This time period marks the beginning of expanded connections between humans which through the years does not end. We’ll see the growth of global trade and then globalization in the 20th century, which all starts with the economic growth during the post-classical period. Cultural Impacts Trade is not just about goods but also about ideas. As travelers moved from empire to empire, they spread cultural ideas such as religion. During this time period, trade was the primary way religions such as Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism spread. The main way this occurred was through proselytization: attempts at active conversion. Some religions, such as Judaism, do not proselytize, but many like Islam and Christianity do. Trade also facilitated the spread of technology from empires, such as the Abbasid Caliphate and Song China, renowned for their scientific and mathematical knowledge, to other areas of the world, notably Europe. The Abbasids invented trade technologies such as the astrolabe that allowed for navigation. The Chinese invented the compass and, most importantly, gunpowder, which will greatly impact militaries in the following periods. You’ll also learn about interregional travelers such as Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo and the significance of their journeys. Environmental Impacts The environmental impacts of growing trade break down into two major categories: food and disease. Food was essential, and therefore one of the primary trade goods during this time. Specifically, bananas and citrus fruits are notable examples of foods that traveled west. Another food, Champa rice, is crucial to agricultural and population growth in China. Similarly, disease traveled along trade routes across the world. The best example of this is the Bubonic Plague, also known as the Black Death, which killed upwards of a third of the population of Europe, but originated in rats in the Yuan Dynasty. History recognizes the Bubonic Plague not only as an important event to the world's population at that time but leading to what would become the rise of Europe near the end of this time period. Humans also used animals like camels to aid in trade along routes, especially in Africa. ConclusionUnit 2 is incredibly useful in AP World, explaining many political, economic, and social changes that accompany the time period between 1200 and 1450. Trade is essential to everything in AP World, which is especially true for period 1. There's a common phrase in AP World: "when in doubt, trade." Remember this because trade is usually an answer to pretty much any question! In period 1, the cause and/or context for most developments often links to the growth in trade that we see in unit 2. Good luck! Resources:Main Events1095-1492: Crusades 1258 CE: Mongols sack Baghdad (end of the Abbasid Caliphate) 1271 – 1295 CE: Marco Polo’s Travels 1279: Peak of Mongol and Pax Mongolica on the Silk Roads 1299-1921: Ottoman Empire 1324 CE: Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage 1325 – 1349 CE: Ibn Battuta’s Travels 1347 – 1348 CE: Bubonic Plague in Europe 1405 – 1433 CE: Zheng He’s voyages Major Trends Between 1200-1450
🎥 Watch: Unit 2 Review - Networks of Exchange Here's a map of the Major Trade Routes to keep in mind throughout this unit! Resources:Image credit: apworldpedia.com Resources:Review TimeAfter studying on your own, invite some friends to a study with me online session to discuss the main points of the unit and review anything that you may be confused on. It is a great way to for everyone to feel supported while studying! Resources:What are the causes and effects of the growth of networks of exchange after 1200?Explain the causes and effects of growth of networks of exchange after 1200. KC-3.1. I.A.i Improved commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade and expanded the geographical range of existing trade routes— including the Silk Roads—promoting the growth of powerful new trading cities.
What were the effects of the growth of exchange networks?As exchange networks intensified, an increasing number of travelers within Afro–Eurasia wrote about their travels. . Increased cross-cultural interactions resulted in the diffusion of literary, artistic, and cultural traditions, as well as scientific and technological innovation.
What were the effects of trade networks?Increased Economic Productive Capacity and Consequences Changes in trade networks resulted from and stimulated increasing productive capacity, with important implications for social and gender structures and environmental processes. Demand for luxury goods increased in Afro–Eurasia.
Why were trade networks important in the 1200s?The trade routes served principally to transfer raw materials, foodstuffs, and luxury goods from areas with surpluses to others where they were in short supply.
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What were the causes and the effects of the networks of exchange after 1200 CE?
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