The removal of a stimulus following a given behavior in order to increase the frequency of that behavior is called _______.
Select one:
a.
positive reinforcement
b.
positive punishment
c.
negative reinforcement
d.
negative punishment
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Question 2
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_______ is a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur.
Select one:
a.
Generalization
b.
Punishment
c.
Extinction
d.
Discrimination
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Question 3
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Which of the following scenarios best depicts positive reinforcement?
Select one:
a.
A student raises her hand to answer a question. The teacher stops criticizing the student for not paying attention. The student continues to raise her hand to answer questions.
b.
The student begins to pay attention and starts answering questions correctly.
c.
A student answers a question incorrectly. The teacher criticizes the student for not paying attention.
d.
A student raises her hand to answer a question. The teacher compliments the student for answering the question. The student continues to raise her hand to answer questions.
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In operant conditioning, ____________.
Select one:
a.
neutral stimuli become associated with unlearned, involuntary responses
b.
the consequences of behavior produce change in the probability of the occurence of the behavior
c.
behavior is a consequence of the CS.
d.
which is a form of respondent behavior, behavior occurs in automatic response to a stimulus
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Question 5
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The process by which a stimulus or event following a particular behavior increases the probability that the behavior will happen again is called _____.
Select one:
a.
specialization
b.
generalization
c.
extinction
d.
reinforcement
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Question 6
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Experience with unavoidable negative stimuli can lead to a particular deficit in avoidance learning called _____, in which the organism, exposed to uncontrollable aversive stimuli, learns that it has no control over negative outcomes.
Select one:
a.
extinction
b.
generalization
c.
instinctive drift
d.
learned helplessness
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Question 7
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Which of the following scenarios best depicts negative reinforcement?
Select one:
a.
A student raises her hand to answer a question. The teacher stops criticizing the student for not paying attention. The student continues to raise her hand to answer questions.
b.
A student answers a question incorrectly. The teacher criticizes the student for not paying attention. The student begins to pay attention and starts answering questions correctly.
c.
A student raises her hand to answer a question. The teacher compliments the student for answering the question. The student continues to raise her hand to answer questions.
d.
A student answers a question incorrectly. The teacher criticizes the student for not paying attention. The student stops trying to answer questions.
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Question 8
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According to Thorndike's law of effect ________.
Select one:
a.
negative behaviors can be easily extinguished through classical conditioning
b.
species-specific biological predispositions favor some learning styles over others
c.
behaviors followed by desirable outcomes are strengthened and behaviors followed by undesirable outcomes are weakened
d.
an organism will recover a previously conditioned response when placed in a novel context
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Carol gives her dog, Spike, a chew stick each time Spike gets the ball back, on command. Carol is using a ________ schedule to train her dog to get the ball back on command.
Select one:
a.
continuous reinforcement
b.
variable-interval
c.
fixed-interval
d.
variable-ratio
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Question 10
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In operant conditioning, _____ means performing a reinforced behavior in a different situation.
Select one:
a.
extinction
b.
generalization
c.
discrimination
d.
rationalization
Answer & Explanation
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