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Terms in this set (98)
Body mechanics
is the practice of using certain key muscle groups together with good body alignment and proper body positioning to reduce the risk for injury to both patient and caregiver.
how should the body be to gain good posture
chin and chest up, shoulders back, pelvis tilted slightly inward,feet straight at approximately a shoulder width apart and weight evenly distributed to both legs with a slight bend in your knees
Ergonomics
the study of people's efficiency in their working environment.
sitting
Do not remain in one position for too long. Get up and stretch often, and take short walks if you can.
standing
Avoid standing for a long time
driving
When driving for periods that will last longer than an hour, stop every hour to walk and stretch.
sleeping
Sleep on your back if possible with a pillow under your knees or on your side.
why pt did assistant on transferring
if they cannot walk or lift themselves.
when transferring an pt in or out the wheelchair you should never lift them by the
Never lift a patient by the arms or under the armpits.
what should the ma always use when they transferring an patient
a gait belt
how to properly move an pt in and out an wheelchair
Lock the brakes of a wheelchair and move the stirrups
avoid crossing their feet
make sure the transfer surface is the same as the wheelchair
always use an gait belt
make foot wear isn't slippery
when transferring an pt in or out the wheelchair never let them
put their arms around your neck or your shoulders.
if pt becomes dead wt the ma should
ease the patient to the floor to prevent injury.
if pt becomes dead wt and falls back what should the ma do
grasp him or her under the arms, put one leg back with the foot at a right angle, slide the other leg forward under the patient, and ease him or her to slide down your leg onto the floor
if pt becomes dead wt and falls foward what should the ma do
grasp him or her around the waist, extend your leg farthest from the patient forward, bend at the knees, and slowly lower the patient to the floor
what are some indication that a pt needs a mobility device
After an accident or injury
Following a stroke
With a severe medical condition
Arthritis sufferers
The older adult
Physically challenged
what should the ma instruct the pt on with home environment
keep floors free of spills and clutter
remove all loose throw rugs or damaged floor
coverings
floor-care product, such as floor wax, that might cause the floor to be slippery must be avoided
appropriate footwear is worn
an arm sling is used for what
used to support an arm after a fracture or injury to the shoulder or arm
how long is an arm sling
55 inches
how long is an arm sling on the side
36-40
when using a cane for support, the arm should hang naturally at the sides with the elbow flexed at about a ____________________ degree angle
25-30 degree angle
when a pt is using an cane it should at what level
below hip level
hwo long is an quad-base cane
4 ft
what cane is less trouble for pt
quad-base cane
when is crutches are used
to give foot, ankle, knee, or leg injury or surgery an opportunity to heal.
how far should the crutches be under the axilla
2 to 3 fingers or 2 to 3 inches uder the axilla
how many much gaits walks are commonly used
5 gait walks
why is an walker issued to an pt
because of age or physical condition, cannot safely use crutches.
whats an benefit from an wheel walker
lets pt move more quicker
whats on disadvantage from a wheel walker
it can cause patients to fall if it rolls away from them.
what does ROM exercise improve
improves circulation and muscle tone and flexibility
whats the ROM exercise(12)
Adduction
abduction
dorsifexion
Extension
Flexion
Hyperextension
Rotation
inversion
plantar flexion
pronation
supination
what does ROM stand for
range of motion
When using proper body mechanics, which of the following statements is true?
a. Always bend from the waist to allow the
largest muscles of the legs to do the hard work.
b. Check your posture by reminding yourself to keep your chin and chest up.
c. Check your posture by keeping shoulders forward and pelvis tilted slightly inward.
d. Hold heavy objects far away from the body
b. Check your posture by reminding yourself to keep your chin and chest up
An example of a situation when the use of a mobility device would be
needed includes:
a. arthritis sufferers.
b. after a stroke.
c. the physically challenged.
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
When using a cane for support, the arm should hang naturally at the side with the elbow flexed at about a _______-degree angle.
a. 20-25
b. 25-30
c. 10-15
d. 30-45
b. 25-30
When
adjusting crutches for the correct height, adjust them so that the underarm pad is _______ below the axilla.
a. two inches
b. six inches
c. one inch
d. four inches
a. two inches
Which of the following crutch gaits positions both crutches and the left foot forward and then brings up the right foot?
a. Two-point
b. Swing-through
c. Three-point
d. Four-point
c. Three-point
When instructing patients on the use of the walker:
a. move the walker forward and step into the walker while leaning slightly forward.
b. move the walker forward and step into the walker while leaning slightly backward.
c. adjust the walker so the handles are at the height of the patients elbows.
d. place their foot when they step so it is even with the front of the walker.
a. move the walker forward and step into the walker while leaning slightly forward.
In ROM exercises, abduction refers to:
a. motion that pulls a structure toward the midline.
b. motion that pulls a structure away from the midline.
c. bending movement that decreases the angle between two parts.
d. rotation of the forearm.
b. motion that pulls a structure away from the midline.
When transferring patients you should do all of the following except:
a. Take small shuffling steps
b. Use a gait belt
c. Have patients put their arms around your neck
d. Explain to patient what you're going to do
c. Have patients put their arms around your neck
Usually, a single person cannot hold up someone who becomes dead weight. The best option to prevent injury in this case
would be to:
a. grasp the patient under the arm.
b. grasp patient around the waist.
c. yell for help.
d. ease the patient to the floor
d. ease the patient to the floor.
The standard adult sling is about _____________________inches across the base, and 36 to 40 inches along the side.
A. 40
B. 45
C.50
D.55
55
An
older adult patient usually has less trouble with which type of cane?
a. Standard
b. Quad
c. Single-tip
d. None of the above
b. Quad
When adjusting crutches, hold the crutch up to the patient. The underarm pad should be how many inches below the axilla?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
b. 2
_________________enables a person to get around who would otherwise be immobile.
wheelchair
The Lofstrand/Canadian crutch would be used for:
a. children.
b. short term rehabilitation.
c. adults.
d. long- Term rehabilitation.
long- Term rehabilitation.
The Lofstrand/Canadian crutch is also known as
forearm crutches
A walker is useful for patients who because of age or physical conditions:
a. cannot use crutches.
b. don't want to use a wheelchair.
c. more convenient.
d. don't want to use a cane or do not like types of other devices.
a. cannot use crutches.
Some walkers come equipped with extras. These would include all of the following except:
a.
wheels.
b. handbrakes.
c. motors.
d. seating area.
c. motors.
many canes are _______________
colorful
flexiblead
ajustable
lightweight
come in a variety of types.
ajustable
To improve strength and flexibility, patients can accomplish this by:
a. eating right.
b. exercising.
c. getting enough
sleep.
d. being idle.
b. exercising
The height of a walker should be adjusted so that the handles are at the patient's hip level and the bend of the patient's elbows is at a comfortable ____________________degree angle.
25-30
15-25
10-12
22-25
25-30
when lifting pt or moving or lifting heavy objects, certain technique should be used to prevent
shoulder injury
neck injury
back injury
wrist injury
back injury
following a stroke, if there has been a loss of use of the extremities or if the person has become somewhat unsteady on his or her ft, something might be needed to help him or her maintain
agility
dignity
balance
good health
balance
when using proper body mechanics, which following statement is true
always bend form the waist to allow the largest muscle of the legs to do the hard work
check your posture by reminding yourself to keep your chin and chest up
check your posture by keeping shoulders forward and pelvis tilted silghty inward
hold heavy objects far away form the body
check your posture by reminding yourself to keep your chin and chest up
an example of a sitution when the use of a moobility device would be needed included
arthritis
after stroke
the physically challenged
all the above
all the above
when adjusting crutches for the correct ht, adjust then so that the underarm pad is ____________ below the axilla
2 in
6 in
1 in
4 in
2 in
which of the following crutches gaits position both crutches and left foot forward and then brings up the right foot
two point
swing through
three point
four point
three point
when instructing pt on the use of the walker
move the walker forward and step into the walker leaning slightly forward
move the walker forward and step into the walker while leaning slightly backward
adjust the walker so the handles are at the ht of the pt elbows
place their foot when they step so its even with front of the walker
move the walker forward and step into the walker leaning slightly forward
a walker is useful for pt who because of age or physical condition
cant use crutches
dont want to use a wheelchair
more convenient
dont want to use a cane or dont like types of other devices
cant use crutches
what the purpose of rom
to prevent the development of adaptive muscle shortening, contractures, and shortening of the capsule, ligaments, and tendons
What's an two gait for crutches
Matches the crutch to the opposite foot, moving them together.
What's an three point gait for crutches
Positions both crutches and the left foot forward and then brings up the right foot.
What's an four-gait for crutches
Shows the right crutch being positioned first, followed by moving the left foot.
What's an swing to gait for crutches
Crutches are moved forward simultaneously, and the weight is transferred forward. Then swing both feet together up to the crutches.
What's an swing through gait for crutches
Crutches are moved forward, weight is transferred, and both feet swing through the crutches, stopping slightly in front.
What's the two types of crutches
Platform crutches
Lofstrand/Canadian or forearm crutches
What's are the two types of wheelchairs
Motorized
Manual
Rom helps pts that may have
...
where should the cane be carried when walking
on the uninjured side
how to walk with an cane
move the cane and injured forward then move the uninjured following
how to walk with a cane going up and own the stairs
move the cane and uninjured leg up or down the stairs then follow by the injured
where should the walker be leveled at
hip level
how to walk with an walker
pick the walker move it followed then follow by moving yourself forward right after
what should the pt never do with the walker
dont slide the walker when trying to walk
the pt should always make sure that the walker has all
4 legs on the floor
how to put on an arm sling
the arm should be at an 90 degree angle then slide the injured arm into the sling opeening lastly adjust the sling around the back of your neck on the side of the uninjured arm
what should alaway be checked after puting on an arm sling
check arm and fingers for circulation
how to walk with an crutch
move the crutch in front of you by putting your wt on on the handles with your hand instead of your arm on the padding the and step out with your uninjured feet on the floor follow with swing your injured feet w/o touching the floor always
what should the pt while walking with an crutches never do
put their wt on the arms of padding but instead put wt on the handles with their hands
regular exercises improves
circulation
muscle tones
relieve tension
who does ROM exercises apply to
individuals that cant do strenuous exercise
Define ROM exercise
any body action involving muscles, joints, and natural directional movements
whats active ROM excerise
the exercise is done independently
whats passive ROM exercise
the exercise is done with assistant
whats abduction
moving away from the midline of the body
whats an adduction
moving toward the midline of the body
What's dorsiflexion?
Extension of the entire foot as if taking foot off an pedal
What's extension?
The opposite of flexion; a straightening movement
What's flexion?
Bending the elbow or clenching a hand into a fist are examples of flexion.
What's hyperextension?
Overextending a limb or body part beyond the normal limit.
What's inversion?
The movement of the sole toward the median plane (same as when an ankle is twisted)
Plantar Flexion
Flexion of the entire foot as if pressing an automobile pedal
What's rotation?
A motion that turns a part on its axis (the head rotates on the neck)
What's supination?
The opposite of pronation, the rotation of the forearm of the palm facing up
What's pronation?
A rotation of the forearm that the palm facing down
whats the angles for an arm sling
90 degree
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