Which body part is controlled and regulated by the autonomic nervous system quizlet?

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Terms in this set (19)

-Subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that houses the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. regulates body functions that occur automatically. Functions include innervating organs, blood vessels and glands, and regulating cardiac and smooth muscle. The ANS also controls vegetative functions such as temperature, digestion, heart rate, respiration, metabolism, maintenance of internal organs homeostasis, and blood pressure. The sympathetic nervous system division of the ANS is responsible for activating the "fight or flight" response. It controls the involuntary response of accelerated heart rate, increased blood pressure, increased blood sugar, dilation of bronchioles and pupils, and constriction of the stomach, intestine, and internal sphincter of the urethra. The parasympathetic division of the ANS is responsible for controlling functions of "rest and digest". It maintains heart rate, respiration, metabolism, and digestion in the state of homeostasis. Both parts of the ANS work together to provide homeostasis within the body.

-Responsible for calming states and sleep. Lesions to the RIS- when there is damage the RAS can cause heightened arousal. Chronic stress activates the SNS which causes the release of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and corticosteroids. This results in blood vessel constriction, increased heart rate, heightened cholesterol production, and hypertension. Overactivation of the SNS is linked to cardiovascular disease, immune suppression, depression, anxiety, inflammatory response, sleep disturbances, pain, decrease in

-There are instances when ANS (specifically sympathetic nervous system) overreacts to some external or internal stimulus due to the SCI above T6 level. When a stimulus (e.g. a full bladder/bowel or a pressure sore) below the level of injury sends a signal to the brain, it gets interrupted by the lesion in the spinal cord. For this reason, the patient does not feel the pain and cannot correct it. Because the pain or discomfort message does not get to the brain, the body's blood pressure increases. Baroreceptors in the carotid artery sense the increase in BP and send the messages to the brain. The brain activates the parasympathetic response to open up the blood vessels. The signal cannot go past the lesion, which results in increased temperature, sweating, red blotches on the skin above the level of injury, as well as bradycardia. The vessels below the level of injury keep constricting resulting in increased BP. If the cause of pain or discomfort is not found and treated immediately, BP will keep rising to the dangerous levels, resulting in serious complications such as stroke, seizure, organ damage, permanent brain injury, or even death may occur. OT practitioners need to be aware of its symptoms and what actions need to be taken in this emergency situation.
-Symptoms of Autonomic Dysreflexia:
A pounding headache; A flushed face and/or red blotches on the skin above the level of spinal injury; Sweating above the level of spinal injury; Nasal stuffiness; Nausea; Bradycardia; Goose bumps below the level of spinal injury; Cold, clammy skin below the level of spinal injury.
-Causes: Overfull bladder of bowel; Pressure sores and other skin problems; Ingrown nails; Sexual activity; Fractures and other injuries; Tight clothing or devices; Extreme temperature changes
-Treatment:
Sit patient up (keep patient sitting or upright until BP returns to normal); Loosen or remove any tight clothing
Monitor BP every 2-5 minutes; Check bowel (constipation, hemorrhoids) and bladder (catheter kinks/obstructions etc., bladder distension); Insert indwelling catheter if not already in place/ rectal examination

Regulates involuntary functions and each of its branches plays a unique, important role in our bodies. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for "rest and digest" functions such as maintaining heart rate, respiration, metabolism, and digestion in a state of homeostasis. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for "fight or flight" functions such as accelerated heart rate, increased blood pressure, shift of blood flow, dilated pupils and bronchioles, and constriction of organs. Stress, disease, and illness can cause over activation of the sympathetic nervous system and may lead to cardiovascular disease, immune suppression, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and pain. It is important to understand signs of overactivation of both the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems in our clients because it will affect the treatment we provide. The main take-home message about the ANS is that each person experiences sympathetic and parasympathetic functions differently and it's important to recognize when clients are experiencing ANS dysfunction/ over activation so we can address it. As stated before, autonomic dysreflexia is a life-threatening condition that is vital to address in a timely manner. All occupational therapist's need to be aware of the signs and symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia in case a client begins to experience it.

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Which body part is controlled and regulated by the autonomic nervous system?

What items are controlled by the autonomic nervous system quizlet?