Sherpath WH chapter 15
What is the expected total weight gain for the client with a singleton pregnancy during the first trimester
Which mineral intake is restricted in a pregnant client with renal failure
Which foods are appropriate to exclude from the pregnant Klein's diet plan to ensure good health
Butter
Beef fat
Stick margarine
Which food is a common protein source for a Mexican client who is pregnant
Which risk is associated with iron supplementation for the pregnant client
Which examples of a protein-containing foods are appropriate when developing a dietary teaching plan for a client on a vegetarian diet
Dried beans
seeds
peanut butter
peas
Dehydration may increase which risk in the client and the ninth month of pregnancy
Cramping
contractions
preterm
labor
Which condition describes the pregnant client with severe and persistent vomiting who has lost weight is dehydrated and has electrolyte abnormalities
Which minerals and vitamins are recommended to supplemental pregnant clients diet
Which factors contribute to the increased nutritional need during pregnancy
Maternal mammary development
Increased maternal blood volume
Increased metabolic rate
Development
and growth of the uterine-placental-fetal unit
Which condition is related to an adequate weight gain during pregnancy
Intrauterine growth restriction
Which nursing information is appropriate regarding protein in the diet of pregnant clients
Many protein-rich foods are also good sources of calcium, iron, and B vitamins.
Which dietary intake is appropriate for the pregnant client to still playing tennis at 32 weeks of gestation
Which additional caloric intake information is appropriate to include in the teaching for a client who is six weeks postpartum and breast-feeding
Which nursing information is appropriate to include when preparing to teach a client about calcium intake and pregnancy
Dietary intake of calcium is generally inadequate
Which nursing assessment finding is anticipated for a pregnant client with a history of poor nutritional intake
Which condition as expected after a laboratory report for a pregnant client shows low levels of serum ferritin
Which foods are recommended to increase the calcium intake of a pregnant client who is lactose intolerant
Which dietary modifications are appropriate for the pregnant client who is a photo intake of approximately 580 mcg/day
Add one extra slice of bread
daily.
Include one boiled egg every day.
Include one-half cup of corn daily.
Which foods are appropriate to just to prevent calcium deficiency for the client who maintains a vegan diet
Collards
Dried figs
Cooked dried bean
Which nursing instructions are appropriate for the pregnant client about relieving constipation
Consume at least 28 g of fiber per day."
"Eat whole grains and fresh
fruits."
"Drink at least 50 mL/kg/day of fluids.
Which foods are appropriate to prevent calcium in balance for replacing milk for a pregnant client
Which nursing instruction is appropriate in counseling a woman by getting enough iron in her diet
Constipation is common with iron supplements
Which food does a nurse instructor Puro we can pregnant adult client to consume in the daily basis to prevent calcium in balance
What is the priority nursing action room playing a diet for pregnant client
Review the clients current dietary intake
Which pedal impairment is the nurse trying to get that by recommending the pregnant client to avoid fish such as word fish tail fish and king mackerel
Which nursing intervention is appropriate for the postpartum client neonate who has neural tube defect's
Daily folic acid supplement of 0.4 mg
Four studies were included, but only two studies with a total of 180 women contributed data to this review. It was not clear whether they were RCTs or quasi-RCTs because the sequence generation was unclear. We classified the overall risk of bias of three studies as moderate and one study as high risk of bias. No meta-analyses were carried out due to insufficient data.
There were no cluster-RCTs identified for inclusion. Comparisons were available for stimulant laxatives versus bulk-forming laxatives, and fibre supplementation versus no intervention. There were no data available for any other comparisons.
During the review process we found that studies reported changes in symptoms in different ways. To capture all data available, we added a new primary outcome (improvement in constipation) - this new outcome was not prespecified in our published protocol.
Stimulant laxatives versus bulk-forming laxatives
No data were identified for any of this review's prespecified primary outcomes: pain on defecation, frequency of stools and consistency of stools.
Compared to bulk-forming laxatives, pregnant women who received stimulant laxatives (Senokot or Normax) had an improvement in constipation (risk ratio (RR) 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21 to 2.09; 140 women, one study, moderate quality of evidence), but also had more abdominal discomfort (RR 2.33, 95% CI 1.15 to 4.73; 140 women, one study, low quality of evidence), and a borderline difference in diarrhoea (RR 4.50, 95% CI 1.01 to 20.09; 140 women, one study, moderate quality of evidence). In addition, there was no clear difference in women's satisfaction (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.46; 140 women, one study, moderate quality of evidence).
One of the stimulant laxatives, Normax (dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate and dihydroxy anthraquinone) is no longer used for the treatment of constipation in pregnant women (and the package information advises that it should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding). We therefore carried out a non-prespecified sensitivity analysis with the data for Senokot and Normax presented separately. Results for Senokot and Normax were very similar, thus results for the individual drugs largely reflected findings for the combined analysis, although when individual drugs were compared with bulk-forming laxatives there was no longer a clear difference between groups in terms of abdominal discomfort and diarrhoea.
No usable data were identified for any of this review's secondary outcomes: quality of life; dehydration; electrolyte imbalance; acute allergic reaction; or asthma.
Fibre supplementation versus no intervention
Pregnant women who received fibre supplementation had a higher frequency of stools compared to no intervention (mean difference (MD) 2.24 times per week, 95% CI 0.96 to 3.52; 40 women, one study, moderate quality of evidence). Fibre supplementation was associated with improved stool consistency as defined by trialists (hard stool decreased by 11% to 14%, normal stool increased by 5% to 10%, and loose stool increased by 0% to 6%).
No usable data were reported for either the primary outcomes of pain on defecation and improvement in constipation or any of this review's secondary outcomes as listed above.
Quality
Five outcomes were assessed with the GRADE software: improvement in constipation, frequency of stools, abdominal discomfort, diarrhoea and women's satisfaction. These were assessed to be of moderate quality except for abdominal discomfort which was assessed to be of low quality. The results should therefore be interpreted with caution. There were no data available for evaluation of pain on defecation or consistency of stools.