Pathogen: Bacteria, viruses, and parasites
Reservoir: People, water, soil, animals
Point of Exit: Bodily fluids including blood, urine, semen, saliva
Method of Transmission: Direct or indirect contact with an infected person, ingestion, and inhalation
Point of Entry: Respiratory tract, mucous membranes (nose, eyes, mouth), and broken skin
Susceptible Host: Anyone is at risk but people with weakened immune systems are especially vulnerable
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Which of these best describes the role and duties of an environmental health scientist or specialist?
A. Plan, organize, direct, control, and coordinate health services, education, or policy
B. Apply biological, chemical, and public health principles to control, eliminate, ameliorate, and prevent health hazards
C. Investigate and describe the determinants and distribution of disease, disability, and other health outcomes
D.
Promote, maintain, and improve individual and community health by assisting individuals and populations to adopt healthy lifestyles
Which of these best describes the role and duties of a health educator?
A. Plan, organize, direct, control, and coordinate health services, education, or policy
B. Apply biological, chemical, and public health principles to control, eliminate, ameliorate, and prevent health hazards
C. Investigate and describe the
determinants and distribution of disease, disability, and other health outcomes
D. Promote, maintain, and improve individual and community health by assisting individuals and populations to adopt healthy lifestyles
U.S Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)......this is the leading agency dealing with public health issues
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
National Institute of Health (NIH) (provides most $$$$)
U.S Food and Drug Administration
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
Indian Health Service (IHS)
Report facts to and ask questions of physicians
(Duties of district nurses in Liverpool, England, in 1865 included the following: Investigate new referrals as soon as possible, report to the superintendent situations in which additional food or relief would improve recovery, report neglect of patients by family or friends to the superintendent, assist physicians with surgery in the home, maintain a clean, uncluttered
home environment and tend fires for heat, teach the patient and family about cleanliness, ventilation, giving of food and medications, and obedience to the physician's orders, set an example for "neatness, order, sobriety, and obedience," hold family matters in confidence, avoid interference with the religious opinions and beliefs of patients and others, report facts to and ask questions of physicians, and refer acutely ill to hospitals and the chronically ill, poor without family to
infirmaries.)
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Collect health statistics, conduct communicable disease control, sanitation, sanitary engineering, and inspection programs, provide screenings, immunizations, health education and chronic disease control programs, run school health programs, deliver maternal and child health, public health nursing, and possibly mental health services.
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