Show
Home Subjects Solutions Create Log in Sign up Upgrade to remove ads Only ₩37,125/year
Review terms and definitions
Focus your studying with a path
Take a practice test
Get faster at matching terms Terms in this set (1013)Self-silencing and repressed anger among Latinx girls and women are MOST closely related to marianismo. When an individual wishes to be recognized and treated as a different gender from the one based on their assigned sex at birth, that person may be diagnosed as having ___________, according to the DSM-5. gender dysphoria Which of the following clients would benefit the most from consciousness raising? Mary, who is being sexually harassed by her boss and feels guilty because her boss is married Which of the following women BEST illustrates the concept of self-silencing? Zoe, who avoids telling her spouse how she feels so that he won't be angry Which of the following refers to the unresolved grief that affects an individual or group in successive generations of those who have suffered significant trauma? historical trauma The diagnostic criteria used to define what is and is not abnormal All of the answer options are correct. Early treatments for hysteria in women have included which of the following? All of the answer options are correct. Which is the LEAST accurate statement about gender differences in rumination? Compared to men, women's greater risk for depression is mostly due to differences in rumination. Which term refers to practices that enable people to better recognize the ways in which they are affected by gendered stereotypes about appropriate roles? sex role analysis Which of the following is a barrier to psychotherapy for women in poverty who have depression? All of the answer options are correct. Adverse childhood experiences (ACES) include which of the following? All of the answer options are correct. Women are at greater risk for depression if they serve as caregivers for a parent or spouse. Risk factors for borderline personality disorder include All of the answer options are correct. Why are women are more likely than men to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following combat trauma? Compared to men, women feel less social support within the military and less cohesiveness with their unit. Which of the following people involved in a debate in an abnormal psychology class offers the BEST feminist critique of the concept of mental illness? Mindy, who says, "It's wrong to focus on individual distress and to ignore the structural causes of distress." Which of the following women is MOST likely to be criminalized by police for her unusual behavior? Tonya, who is yelling and shaking her fist in the air Tonya, who is yelling and shaking her fist in the air All of the answer options are correct. Anxiety related to being in public and away from home is known as agoraphobia. Women have a greater risk for being diagnosed with an anxiety disorder compared to men possibly due to which of the following? All of the answer options are correct. According to the assigned article, a and b only The mass release of people diagnosed with mental illness from psychiatric hospitals to the community was known as deinstitutionalization. What is the intended effect of helping clients view personal problems as situated within larger structural systems? to reduce self-blame Elyse is developing a fear of attacks; she unexpectedly has acute episodes of anxiety and is developing patterns of worry about having her next episode. Based on the available information, Elyse would most likely be diagnosed with
panic disorder. Which of the following eating disorders is the LEAST common? anorexia nervosa When women like Sandra Bland and Marissa Alexander act to protect themselves from actual or potential threats from aggressive men, they are at risk for arrest because All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following individuals provides the clearest example of borderline personality disorder? Missy, who explodes with rage, demands that her husband leave, then feels abandoned by him Which of the following women living in the United States during the 1970s would be MOST likely to receive a prescription for "mother's little helper"? Vera, a White woman, who is unhappy in her marriage Which of the following associations with feminist therapy is now considered a best practice used by even nonfeminist therapists? All of the answer options are correct. Which message about Black womanhood might promote vulnerability to depression? "Black women are strong." When she began to go through puberty, Ellie experienced unwanted sexual attention from a family member. Ellie began to have nightmares and avoid family gatherings. Based on the available information, Ellie would most likely be diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. After women and men in the military are exposed to combat trauma, women are more likely than men to develop post-traumatic stress. Which of the following people is exhibiting mindfulness? Esther, who thinks to herself, "I didn't do what they wanted. I don't enjoy situations when I let people down," whenever she receives feedback at work. Reproductive justice is MOST closely aligned with movements focused on advocating basic human rights. Which of the following statements BEST describes the relationship between anger and activism? In response to feeling threatened, activism allows us to channel anger into constructive action. An ally shifts others' attention from their own voice (one that is easily heard) to marginalized voices (that have a harder time being heard). This is BEST described as playing a supporting role. Research has shown that children in high-quality child-care programs exhibit which of the following? All of the answer options are correct. The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act does which of the following? All of the answer options are correct. Based on research on inclusivity in STEM classrooms, which female high school math student working to solve problems should feel MOST confident? Winona, who is working with three boys and two girls The final stage of becoming an ally involves dedication to promoting social justice. The United States once had universal child care All of the answer options are correct. SPARK stands for Sexualization Protest: Action, Resistance, Knowledge. In response to Hillary Clinton's presidential candidacy, some feminists felt that Clinton was more focused on women's rights than on social justice generally. In the article, 9 Subtly Feminist Actions...., the author recommends all of the following EXCEPT: Maintain friendships with mostly womenf Which of the following is an accurate description about the effects of the Me Too movement? All of the answer options are correct. To help promote the participation of girls and women in STEM fields, it helps for girls and women to be All of the answer options are correct. Who is the social psychologist who inspired widespread social change for individuals with disabilities? Beatrice Wright The LEAST formal types of activism that psychologists may engage in are street activism. In the article, The Beginner's Guide to Activism, the author argues that there are many different ways to be an activist Role models can protect people from negative stereotypes about their social groups, which is known as stereotype inoculation. When Sojourner Truth declared, "Ain't I a woman?" she was challenging the idea of the inherently fragile woman by pointing to the strength of Black women. Based on research on the effects of discussing experiences of gender discrimination, which of the following targets of gender discrimination is likely to show the BEST mental health outcomes? Ronnie, who did not tell anyone about her experiences, which she believed to be highly unusual Moms Demand Action is a grassroots organization aimed at creating secure and peaceful communities with reduced gun violence. The group has advocated successfully to prevent concealed weapon carry in public places like Starbucks and Kroger supermarkets. Which of the following individuals BEST exemplifies the benefits of activism for activists themselves? Alayah, who feels a strong connection and solidarity with the other volunteers who help build homes for Habitat for Humanity Gender neutral family leave policies are preferable to leave for "primary caretakers" because primary caretaker leave policies create structures that interfere with truly shared parenting. Men are able to effectively advocate for feminist goals because All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following BEST explains the hesitation that many scientists may feel to become involved in political activism? When scientists express opinions about political issues, their scientific work may be seen as biased. Since being an ally requires one to be able to identify all forms of oppression, including within oneself, it can be inferred that an effective ally is required to engage in which of the following? introspection The process of allyship was described as a series of __________ stages. three Which of the following individuals BEST exemplifies behaviors characteristic of the final stage of becoming an ally? Cristina, who volunteers at a soup kitchen and reflects on her own thoughts and reactions to know when to adjust potential internal biases Which of the following is a type of grassroots activism that has been pursued to promote reproductive justice? All of the answer options are correct. In general, young feminists focus on ____________, whereas older feminists focus on ____________. the joys of femininity; the perils of femininity Which of the following was NOT described in the text as a reason to be concerned about the involvement of men in feminist activism? Male feminists routinely fail to recognize the needs of people of color. Which of the following activists is most at risk for experiencing burnout? Diamond, who works on an activism campaign that is adopting her new strategic plan, but the people in more senior positions are taking credit for the plan and she has no one to talk to about it with An ally interacts and engages with members of diverse communities. This is BEST described as making an effort not to be isolated. Which of the following feminists tend to be most concerned with how expectations for femininity are used to oppress women? second wave feminists Although using social media for activism is often criticized, some of the apparent benefits include which of the following? All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following is described as a lifelong process in which people who enjoy unearned social privileges based on their identity develop relationships with people who are marginalized as a way to address social injustice? allyship According to Judith Butler, opposing identity categories (e.g., men/women, heterosexual/gay, cis/trans) reflects differences in power. Which of the following workers is MOST likely to have access to paid family leave? Allison, a 36-year-old female executive, who just gave birth to her first child Which of the following is NOT an example of a self-care strategy? persisting in the face of challenges Which of the following statements would MOST likely be made by a male feminist? "Men and women alike are held to arbitrary standards based on the idea of gender." The rights of women to either have or not have children and to parent the children they do have in safe and healthy environments is known as reproductive justice. Which of the following statements BEST matches the text's description of the younger generation of feminists? "I'm empowered to wear sexy clothing and to enjoy how it makes me feel." How can parents help counteract the harmful effects of the media in promoting acceptance of violence among their children? All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following people would be most vulnerable to experiencing elder abuse? Ethel, an 80-year-old woman who suffers from dementia and is confined to a wheelchair. Acts of aggression motivated by anger or bias due to a person's gender are BEST known as gender-based violence. Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of those who perpetrate intimate partner violence? those who have low self-esteem Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of changes in rates of crime in the United States over the past 30 years? Crimes against women have decreased. Which of the following is a form of domestic violence? All of the answer options are correct. Cultural spillover theory refers to the tendency for those in the military to perceive aggression as more acceptable in civilian life. The group of women at greatest risk for sexual assault are _____ women. Native American How are people affected by viewing sexualized images of girls and women in the media? All of the answer options are correct. When perpetrators of rape are intoxicated, they are blamed ________; when victims of rape are intoxicated, they are blamed ___________. less; more The term "hate crime" refers to All of the answer options are correct. In the article, "Why Didn't You Just Leave?", all of the following stories were included EXCEPT: Nicole committed robbery with her abuser and was afraid he would frame her for the crime if she left In The Rape of Mr. Smith, the author argues b and c only People who accept rape myths also tend to exhibit racism, homophobia, and a belief in a just world. Which of the following women is disempowered by actual or potential gender-based violence? All of the answer options are correct. A primary benefit of a restorative justice approach to healing after intimate partner violence is to provide an alternative to incarceration for perpetrators. Criticisms of programs that purport to help women leave abusive relationships include all of the following EXCEPT Such programs involve a singular focus on shelter rather than a multi-pronged approach including case management, advocacy, health education, and support. Using incarceration to achieve justice in cases of domestic violence tends to involve the punishment of people of color, the poor, and people with mental illnesses. Why are women in college at elevated risk for sexual assault? The college social scene involves risky elements such as heavy substance use. Women are at increased risk for sexual assault if they All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following couples is most at risk for intimate partner violence? Issa and Ty are in their early 20s, they are both employed part time, and they have three children. Spanking children is associated with increases in all of the following EXCEPT cognitive abilities and school achievement. The "invisible war" refers to women's risk for being sexually assaulted by a fellow soldier. Which of the following groups of women has NOT been shown to be at elevated risk for sexual assault? women who have been widowed After reading passive descriptions of rape (e.g., "She was raped") rather than active descriptions ("He raped her"), ________________ believed that violence against women was more acceptable. both women and men According to the text, the message that beauty is often equated with youth for women is especially reinforced by which of the following? a lack of positive portrayals of older women in the media Which of the following explains why grandparents who become primary caregivers of their grandchildren may experience a decrease in psychological health? less free time and greater financial hardship Mary is a 40-year-old woman who shops at clothing stores targeted toward women in their 20s and sometimes wears her 18-year-old daughter's clothes. Mary's fashion choices reflect age concealment. Although researchers have difficulty agreeing on aspects of successful aging, variables that are typically studied include physical health, emotional well-being, community engagement, and financial resources. Stereotype embodiment theory may affect behaviors if individuals engage in which of the following? self-stereotyping Studies indicate that middle aged women who have greater exposure to the media tend to express greater body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Barbara's wife Valerija recently passed away from natural causes. Barbara and Valerija never disclosed their relationship status to Valerija's family, so they assume that Barbara was only a friend of hers. Barbara is therefore unable to fully express her sadness when she interacts with Valerija's family. Barbara's situation can best be described by disenfranchised grief. After women retire, they tend to experience mixed outcomes, such as initial boredom or loss of worker identity, yet having more time for leisure. Which of the following is NOT an example of beauty work, as defined by the textbook? exercising The term launching phase refers to a period of time during which one child or more has left home, but the younger children in the family continue to live at home. Additional factors that may contribute to the wage gap include the greater likelihood that aging women, more so than aging men, attempt to reenter the workforce after caring for children, a divorce, or the death of a partner. The author of the assigned article argues that all of the following are reasons to look forward to menopause EXCEPT: More intense orgasms due to hot flashes Younger adults tend to stereotype older men more positively in domains of ______ while stereotyping older women more positively in domains of ______. competence; social relationships Why might the term "successful aging" be problematic? It stigmatizes those with chronic illness and/or disabilities. Although she is not aware of this, Juanita is one month away from experiencing her last menstrual cycle. She is currently in the _____ stage. perimenopausal Margarita's only child, Camila, has recently left home to join the military. Margarita begins feeling a sense of loss and loneliness over no longer having someone to care for and look after. Margarita's emotional experience is most consistent with ______, which is associated with the ______. empty-nest syndrome; role loss hypothesis Older LGBTQ adults, compared to older heterosexual adults, are less likely to rely on family for caregiving because LGBTQ individuals are less likely to have children and they haven't always been permitted to marry. Multigenerational homes are more common in the _____ region of the United States. southern Research indicates that when children move out of the house, mothers may report positive outcomes such as increased self-care and a greater sense of freedom. Younger women might have more negative attitudes toward menopause compared to older women because they are more likely to associate menopause with aging and bodily changes. Carolina's 18-year-old daughter Jane has recently moved out of the house to attend college. Although Carolina misses Jane very much, she also feels more relaxed now that she has fewer responsibilities such as preparing meals for Jane, helping her with her schoolwork, doing her laundry, and attending parent-teacher conferences. Carolina's experiences can best be characterized as the role strain relief hypothesis. Compared to aging men, aging women tend to be labeled as _____ at _____ ages. "old"; earlier Parents of boomerang kids may experience both positive (i.e., bonding with children) and negative outcomes (i.e., conflict between partners). The Age Discrimination and Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967 prohibits discrimination of older adults, who are defined under this act as over age 40. Elderspeak, defined as _______ speech with a(n) _______ tone, in a health-care setting tends to lead to ______ outcomes for the patient. simplified; exaggerated; negative Studies that use ______ have found evidence that ______ toward older women occurred more frequently compared to rates for older men. resumés; hiring biases in the workplace What are some intersecting factors related to older individuals being more likely to be terminated from work than younger individuals? physical health related to disability status and having accumulated higher pay due to career longevity Symptoms of bodily changes that include fluctuations in the length and regularity of the menstrual cycle, hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness correspond to the _____ stage. perimenopausal An older woman who was wrongfully terminated is suing her former employer on the basis of gender discrimination, but not age discrimination. Based on current legal policies, her lawyer would likely cite ______ in her defense to a judge. Title IX Research focusing on stereotype embodiment theory, or the internalization of aging stereotypes, has suggested that this concept is related to stereotype threat. The two main reasons that older women experience less sexual activity compared to younger women are partner's health status and the lack of a partner. _____ cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer type among women, though ______ cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for all groups of women with the exception of Hispanic women. Breast; lung Jasmin's closest friend recently passed away from a terminal illness and Jasmin has been feeling a profound sense of sadness since then. Jasmin's feelings are most consistent with which of the following? bereavement
Older lesbians are perceived similarly as men in the sense that younger individuals assume that both are more masculine and independent. Menopause is the result of decreased hormone production in the ______, and it typically occurs around age ______. ovaries; 50 In terms of legal policies, Title IX dictates that discrimination based on ______ is illegal. gender Research on older, heterosexual married couples has indicated that husbands report greater marital satisfaction than wives. Which of the following describes infantilization? treating older adults as if they are children Nancy's daughter Betsy, a single mom, has decided to join the military. Nancy has offered to let her grandchild, Betsy's 5-year-old daughter, move in while Betsy is away so that she can care for granddaughter full-time. Nancy's situation can best be described as assuming a custodial role. Research from the American Medical Association (AMA) has indicated that which of the following may be a successful method of improving health seeking behaviors and health-care treatment for women of all ages? recruiting more students of diverse backgrounds into health-care fields On average, heart disease tends to develop in women about ______ compared to men. 10 years later Which of the following individuals is experiencing the second shift? Naomi, who works full time and does more household work than her husband According to role enhancement theory, which of the follow individuals would have the highest well-being? Margarita, a happily married new mother with a large, supportive family, and who has many coworkers she is close friends with Which of the following women is the most likely to endure a hostile work environment? Sharice, who works in computer science Statistics show that ______ are even more vulnerable to experiencing workplace harassment. women of color and women who are immigrants Compared to White men, ______ women are particularly disadvantaged in terms of the wage gap. Black and Latinx The maternal wall is a phenomenon that refers to ______ being judged more ______ than ______. working mothers; harshly; working non-mothers Who is the most likely to successfully negotiate the highest starting salary? Phoebe, who emphasizes that she needs a high income to provide for her two children as a single mother. A feminist who endorses comparable worth would make which of the following arguments? A woman with a master's degree in education and a man with a master's degree in computer science should earn the same salary. A historical reason for the wage gap is that salaries were determined at a time when employers assumed that women were less likely to be the primary financial provider for a family. Which of the following individuals is most likely to experience heterosexist harassment? Daniella, who prefers to wear men's clothing to work Although the Equal Pay Act attempted to address work related inequality, it does NOT address horizontal occupational gender segregation. In the article Having It All Kinda Sucks, the author argues that society needs to do more to support women's choices Which of the following is an example of quid pro quo harassment? Patrick, a manager, asks Eileen on a date and promises to give her a pay raise if she dates him. Issues of work-family balance, such as wealthy women hiring immigrant women to care for their children, can ______ between different groups of women. worsen inequality Which of the following is a potential drawback of women having leadership roles? Women working in leadership roles may create a false perception that gender equality has been achieved and thus gender discrimination is no longer an issue. Which of the following accurately describes the phenomenon known as the motherhood wage penalty? The pay difference between mothers and non-mothers is reflected even in hourly wages. When instances of sexual harassment are reported in a workplace, a typical response from colleagues/coworkers is to minimize the harassment. Judy, a team leader, always makes sure to mention the names of specific team members who make helpful suggestions to the CEO. By doing so, Judy is making sure that employees who might otherwise be overlooked are getting due credit for their ideas. Judy is doing which of the following? using amplification to help her team members Paid leave may benefit mothers, children, business, and the economy. Center-based child care can be problematic to working parents due to high financial costs. In terms of care work, ______ are more likely to cluster in these occupations ______. women; even though they pay less If boys are encouraged to pursue careers that pay high salaries, they may be driven toward choosing STEM majors (i.e., architecture, engineering, finance), whereas if girls are encouraged to care for others, they may be driven toward choosing people-oriented majors (i.e., psychology, nursing, education). This is an example of ______ occupational gender segregation. horizontal Which of the following is an explanation for why some researchers prefer to use a labyrinth as an analogy for women's pursuit of leadership positions? It illustrates that some women find a way out of the maze, but many are thwarted by obstacles along the way. Based on various factors discussed in the textbook, which of the following individuals would likely advance the farthest in the workplace with Matthew, a White male, as their mentor or sponsor? Keith, a White male The term sandwich generation refers to women who care for both older relatives and their own younger children. Julie and Meredith work in different departments at the same company. In Julie's department, male coworkers frequently make sexist jokes and microaggressions that are offensive to women. In Meredith's department, she was recently the target of a severe incident of harassment. In terms of job satisfaction, job performance, and mental health, Julie and Meredith will likely experience equally negative outcomes. Which of the following would be an effect of the "think manager-think male" bias? Supervisors looking to promote an ambitious and aggressive employee would favor Michael, a man, over Michelle, a woman. Transgender individuals may face workplace discrimination due to the misperception that they are more likely to have a mental illness. Which of the following explains why women are more likely to pursue occupations that focus on care? gender socialization as related to interpersonal relationships and social roles Studies have shown that ______ are more likely to exhibit qualities of a transformational leader. women Which of the following is MOST likely to directly perpetuate the negative stereotype that women are poor leaders? the glass cliff Which of the following is an example of work-family conflict? Anita needs to ask for a day off from work to take her son to a doctor's appointment because her husband has emphasized that he cannot miss work while being considered for promotion. Transformational leadership skills consist of ______ traits. both communal and agentic Women with disabilities earn ______ compared to women without disabilities. about 73% less than Studies indicate that the higher the percentage of women there are working in a specific profession, the lower the salary of that profession. Why might some LGBTQ individuals avoid certain occupations? They may have a fear that negative attitudes or prejudice may lead to hiring biases and/or discrimination in the workplace. When fathers do more domestic work, this can lead to which of the following outcomes for their daughters? higher career aspirations John and Jane attended the same college, though John studied finance and Jane studied psychology. They applied to the same organization when they graduated, with John being hired as a manager and Jane being hired as an assistant in the Human Resources department. John outranks Jane and makes significantly more money than she does. This is an example of ______ occupational gender segregation. both horizontal and vertical ... ... Who is MOST likely to have positive attitudes about a woman who chooses not to have a child? well-educated women Research suggests that, compared to children raised by lesbian parents, children of heterosexual parents experience more physical forms of discipline by their mothers. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of postpartum depression? hearing voices Mothers who are ___________ are especially likely to be blamed for their children's problems. All of the answer options are correct. Maternal employment has been related to daughters' All of the answer options are correct. Who is MOST at risk for developing depressive symptoms following an adoption process? Mary, who placed her infant for adoption but did not receive any information about her infant's new home Which of the following is the MOST accurate statement about public adoption? Public adoptions can involve unexpected delays and barriers. Given what is known about people who seek to have an abortion in the United States, who is most likely to decide to have an abortion after an unintended pregnancy? Samantha, who is an impoverished single mother Alice co-sleeps with her baby and feeds her baby whenever the baby seems hungry. She carries the baby in a sling, so that they are in constant physical contact, and she frequently plays videos to stimulate her baby's cognitive development. Alice seems to be engaged in attachment parenting. After undergoing ________________ surrogacy, the woman who carried and delivered the baby is most likely to be recognized by a court of law as a legitimate mother with parental rights. traditional Which of the following affects the tendency for many women to feel incompetent as new mothers? All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following women living in the United States would be considered a social mother? All of the answer options are correct. Tanisha delivered her first baby vaginally two months ago. She's exhausted and overwhelmed—she won't let anyone else hold the baby, and she can't sleep at night because she checks that her baby is still breathing every twenty minutes. Which term seems to BEST describe Tanisha's current state? postpartum anxiety Which of the following is the clearest sign that ovulation has just occurred, rendering a woman fertile within the next 24 or so hours? an increase in body temperature Which of the following assertions about in vitro fertilization (IVF) is MOST accurate? Most often, those who undergo IVF become pregnant using their own genetic material. Breastfeeding has been shown in research studies to benefit the physical health of both the mother and the child. Postpartum mood is often affected by hormonal changes after birth, which typically include a decrease in progesterone and estrogen levels. Taceana had a cesarean section. She is feeling overwhelmed and anxious about bonding with her new baby, and they both are awake most of the nights. When her mother in law made recommendations about improving their sleep, Taceana burst into tears. Which term BEST describes Taceana's current state? the baby blues Based on research on pregnancy and body dissatisfaction, which of the following pregnant women is MOST likely to enjoy positive feelings about her body? Kim, who is in her third trimester and whose partner initiates sex multiple times a week Which of the following attitudes is consistent with the motherhood mandate, as described in the text? All of the answer options are correct. In the article, the waiter a & b only In the second article, the author says that all of the following are ways of mom-shaming EXCEPT: Offering to Bring Her Family a Meal Which specific research finding BEST supports sexual strategies theory? Men prefer women who are younger than themselves; women prefer men slightly older. Which of the following individuals seems to be experiencing identity-based bullying? Brie, a lesbian teenager, is accused of being too ugly to attract a man. Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of a polyamorous (poly) relationship? Only people who are honest about having multiple partners are in poly relationships. Relational aggression MOST often involves acts such as damaging others' relationships and/or reputations. Which of the following is the BEST explanation as to why women may experience negative outcomes after divorce? After divorce, most women experience considerable financial decline. What have researchers concluded about the predictions made based on sexual strategies theory? Although women and men may differ in how much they focus on a potential partner's social status and attractiveness, both types of qualities tend to be valued by both. Under what conditions will a feminist woman who works outside of the home be most likely to experience marital dissatisfaction related to the division of labor in her primary romantic relationship? All of the answer options are correct. In the article, Marche argues that All of the above Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies a polyamorous relationship? Kat, a heterosexual woman, is openly sexually involved with two of her friends, Guy and Pete. A man who has multiple wives could accurately be described as All of the answer options are correct. Compared to men, women tend to have _____ friendship networks and to feel _______ to their friends. smaller; closer How is the principle of least interest related to gender and relationships? Women are socialized to care about relationships and are expected by others to care about relationships, both of which reduce women's relational power. Which of the following individuals is offering informational social support? Ally, who gives her niece advice about how to find the best college for her interests Which of the following statements about dating scripts involving a man and woman is the LEAST accurate? In contemporary times, most people expect that the woman and the man are equally likely to drive to, plan, and pay for the date. Pat lives with his spouse and two children. Pat is responsible for the yard work, taking out the trash, and clearing out the gutters. Which term BEST describes Pat's contributions to the household? intermittent labor Which of the following couples is most likely to have an expensive wedding? Mary, who plans to be a homemaker, and Larry, who works in real estate Which of the following responses to a friend who was just promoted at work best illustrates active constructive responding? "Tell me everything, leave nothing out, and then let's go celebrate." George and Amal are married lawyers who moved to their current city when George was offered a prestigious partnership. Although Amal is also employed full time by the same firm, she's in a lower paying junior level position. Based on the available information, which of the following BEST describes why Amal does more housework than George? relative resources theory Among women pursuing degrees in higher education, more intelligent women showed _____ interest in a potential partner who ______. less; has greater wealth and status Which of the following theories suggests that the person who brings more resources to the relationship gets to use those resources in order to avoid doing household labor? relative resources theory Which of the following assertions is MOST accurate? Traditional dating scripts may benefit women with limited access to money or transportation. Barb is known as the "school slut;" it's rumored that she had sex with the entire swim team. Barb is MOST likely to experience which of the following? psychological distress such as depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem Which of the following is NOT an institutionalized benefit of marriage? better social support from same-gender friends A _____ script is NOT a dating script as described in the text regarding lesbian relationships. proposal Which of the following refers to the completion of household labor while also working outside the home? the second shift Which is the LEAST accurate description of relational aggression? It is frequently used by less popular girls to try to improve their social positions. Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of how child care is divided among heterosexual couples? On non-work days, fathers spend about half of their time on leisure activities. For most heterosexual couples who share a home, which of the following task is a woman more likely than a man to manage? All of the answer options are correct. Based on research on risk for divorce, which of the following newly married pairs is MOST at risk for divorcing? Ilaria, who is 22-years-old, and Isaac who is 24-years-old; both of whom are White Compared to those who aren't married, married individuals tend to All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following is an accurate description of marriage worldwide? Across the world, men tend to be older than women they marry. Which of the following pairs of friends best illustrates co-rumination? LaToya and Keisha, who continuously discuss Keisha's concerns about infertility. During which years did researchers find the most equitable amount of time spent by married women and men on housework? 1998-1999 Which of the following is a benefit of online dating compared to traditional dating? All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following occurs when sexuality is imposed on others, when people are perceived as sex objects, and when a person's value is reduced to their sexual appeal or sexual behavior? sexualization Wendy identifies as asexual; accordingly, it is likely that she will All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following is NOT a feminist critique of comprehensive sex education programs? Providing a sex positive view of sex may encourage students to engage in sex even if they don't have desire or feel ready. Which of the following teen girls is MOST likely to have experienced first vaginal sex as pleasurable? Annika, who says, "Sex allowed me to express myself in a new way with my boyfriend." Which of the following groups of people can be important sources of information about sex and sexuality for young people? All of the answer options are correct. When children learn about their sexual body parts, about sexual and romantic relationships, and where babies come from, they are experiencing sexual socialization. Which of the following individuals is most likely to experience orgasm almost every time or every time they have partnered sexual activity? Oliver, a heterosexual man When women experience their bodies primarily as sexual objects that can provide of pleasure for partners, they are engaging in spectatoring. You want to encourage your younger cousin to use birth control, and she says that she wants to use a barrier method. Which option does NOT support her preference? birth control pills Franny and Felicia meet at a party and end up kissing. They agree that neither of them expects any further commitment from the other person. This is an example of a hookup. Sean wants to have sex with Cristina and promises he "won't finish," so it won't count as "real sex." What part of the traditional sexual script is Sean apparently using to try to gain sexual access? If a man does not have an orgasm, then there was no sex. In her blog, Greta Christina argues b & c only Girls rank the media and their peers as more important than their parents as sources of information about sex. A sexually inexperienced teen couple spends prom night together in a hotel. They experiment with oral sex; no vaginal or anal penetration occurs. If they are typical teens, when asked if they are still virgins, the teens are likely to say "yes." Which of the following describes when women engage in sexual activity with one another for the enjoyment of men? performative bisexuality The set of interrelated assumptions in Western culture about what sex involves and what people should expect during sex is known as a sexual script. Which of the following activities completed for pay is NOT considered sex work? modeling Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to receive an appropriate diagnosis of hypoactive sexual desire disorder? Fred, who has sex twice a week to satisfy his wife, but would prefer to be left alone since he is rarely interested. A woman who does not experience vaginal lubrication or engorgement of the labia and clitoris might be most accurately diagnosed as having sexual arousal disorder. Which of the following is an example of sexual assertiveness? asking one's partner to kiss her in a different way Feminist scholars debate whether self-sexualization All of the answer options are correct. How are transwomen sexualized in the media? Transwomen are often depicted in terms of close up shots of body parts and are also often asked about the nature of their most intimate body parts. The decision to use a particular method of contraception is influenced by All of the answer options are correct. Gender differences in responses to having sex for the first time show that men tended to ______, whereas women tended to _____. achieve status as adult men; manage feeling loss Cassie has had a biopsy after finding a lump in her breast. While waiting to find out whether she has breast cancer, she treats herself to new clothes, a haircut, and a manicure. Which psychological theory best explains her behavior? terror management theory Which of the following college students is MOST likely to be satisfied with her body? Eleni, a Mexican-American woman who enjoys not having to tan to look "sun-kissed." Which of the following general belief systems are NOT directly linked to colorism? heterosexism How does objectification harm women as individuals and also as a social group? All of the answer options are correct. According to the text, normative discontent occurs because All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following research result best supports cultivation theory? Those who watch more TV are more likely to perceive themselves as overweight. Which hormone is correctly paired with its function in the menstrual cycle? All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following is the most accurate description about how self-objectification affects girls and women of different ages? Self-objectification is related to body shame at all ages. Which of the following is NOT a recommendation made by the textbook about improving the existing research literature on beauty norms? The shared concerns of White women and women of color could be identified. In classic research on the consequences of self-objectification, women and men wore either a swimsuit (a one piece for women; swim trunks for men) or a V-neck sweater before taking a math test. Results showed ___________ performed worse than _______________. women in swimsuits; women in sweaters Barbie, a doll that depicts an idealized 19-year-old body, differs from the typical 19-year-old in which of the following ways? All of the answer options are correct.
Which of the following situations involving teens and the media BEST exemplifies cultivation theory? Mei wonders about the "small holes" on her face that she doesn't see on girls in her magazines. Mei's mother explains that these are called "pores," and that all people have them. According to the text, who is MOST likely to conform to the expectation for being hairless from the neck down? Wilhemina, whose romantic partner is unhappy with her post-pregnancy belly. According to the text, beauty norms vary across time and place. Anais is celebrating her 21st birthday at the beach, where she and a large group of friends are playing volleyball and swimming. Who might be involved in objectifying Anais? men, women, and Anais herself Who developed objectification theory? Fredrickson and Roberts Which of the following is the process by which a person accepts societal standards as a reference point for how one should look, be, and/or act? internalization Marisol reads several women's magazines that feature advertisements with models promoting various beauty products. Marisol is at risk for body dissatisfaction and depression to the degree that she makes social comparisons between herself and the models. What have researchers concluded about how "fat talk" influences girls and women? Hearing others participate in fat talk can have a negative impact on a bystander's own feelings about her body. He Bai feels lucky to have very light skin because people assume her skin reflects All of the answer options are correct. Because of the ways in which objectification is linked to anxiety about death, women who are reminded of their own eventual death tend to objectify themselves as well as other women. HAES stands for Health at Every Size. The three parts of the tripartite model of social influence on body image are parents, peers, and the media. Body ____________________ is a behavioral manifestation of self-objectification in which one views one's body from an observer's perspective, focusing on how it looks over what it can do. surveillance According to classic research, three years after TV was introduced to the Fiji Islands, Fijian girls had an increased desire for thinness and higher rates of disordered eating. These study results are MOST consistent with which of the following? cultivation theory When someone is objectified, that person is All of the answer options are correct. Margaret, who is 12-years-old, is very excited for menarche. Based on research reviewed in the textbook, this is MOST likely because Margaret has a good deal of education and feels adequately prepared for menarche. When a person considers how others might evaluate her appearance, she is participating in self-objectification. Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to experience self-objectification? Yazmin, who is wearing a hijab In "If Men Could Menstruate", Steinem argues that those in power get to decide what biological aspects should be celebrated or stigmatized 5-alpha reductase deficiency is a condition in which testosterone cannot convert to dihydrotestosterone. Bisexual individuals may encounter binegativity from which of the following groups of individuals? both heterosexual and gay/lesbian individuals Which of the following transgender individuals is facing a transitioning obstacle? Jason, who doesn't have health insurance and cannot afford gender-confirming/affirming surgery. Darius has been romantically interested in both men and women, but he has no interest in engaging in sexual activities with women. He has consistently had male sexual partners and reports high levels of sexual attraction to men. Darius could best be described as _____ and _____. biromantic; homosexual An individual with the chromosomal type XXY would best fit the criteria for being diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. Which of the following hormones delays the onset of changes associated with puberty? GnRH If a transgender person is of a younger age, racial minority status, and lower socioeconomic status, this person has a greater risk of experiencing a violent attack. Lily has many close friends, but she has not had a significant other in many years. She recently realized that she simply did not have any motivation to seek romantic connections with others and that she is very fulfilled living her life without a romantic partner. Lily is most likely aromantic. Sexual orientation may encompass both sexual and romantic attraction. According to the article, 3 Ways that Gender Reveal Parties Can Be Harmful, All of the above A criticism of the LGBTQ community is that members of the community favor initiatives that mostly benefit which of the following groups of people? White, able-bodied, lesbian and gay people Shawn is reluctant to schedule a physical with his medical doctor because the last time he was at the hospital, his doctor invited a group of residents into the room to examine his post-surgical results, and they also spoke about Shawn in a way that made him feel very detached from his sense of self. This concept is referred to as the medical gaze. Spencer is a cisgender woman who has dated both cisgender men and cisgender women. Spencer typically does not experience attraction toward another person until they have known one another for some time and formed a strong emotional attachment to one another. Spencer's sexual orientation could be best described as bisexual and demisexual. A benefit of using the term "differences" of sex development rather than "disorders" of sex development is that it challenges the assumption of a sex/gender binary and may reduce stigma. Lindsay, a teenager, recently discovered that she is intersex and that her parents consented to genitoplasty for her shortly after her birth. Lindsay is likely experiencing which of the following feelings? anxiety, betrayal, and helplessness Which of the following accurately describes the process of nondisjunction? Chromosomes fail to disconnect when a cell divides. The term ____ was used in the past to describe "ambiguous" genitalia, where terms such as "intersex" and "disorders of sex development" are more widely used nowadays. hermaphrodite Jian-Yu was born biologically male, but wishes to be a woman. However, Jian-Yu is reluctant to come out as transgender and thus continues to use male pronouns, dresses as a man, and engages in behaviors that society labels as traditionally masculine. Jian-Yu is experiencing an inconsistency between _____ and _____. gender identity; gender expression Brendan, a high school student, wishes that he had been born a girl and named Brenda. Brendan has not told this to anyone out of fear of rejection and wishes he "felt" more like a boy. Brendan's feelings are likely the result of which of the following? internalized transphobia Why might some bisexual individuals choose to describe their sexual identity differently depending on the gender of their current partner? Bisexual individuals may feel pressure to conform to dominant binary standards because of negative attitudes from society. A limitation of the sex/gender binary related to biology is that it
acknowledges only two genetic variations of XX and XY. Sex differentiation, the process of developing sex-specific characteristics, typically begins during the _____ week of pregnancy. sixth Feminist psychologist Sari van Anders (2015) is credited with developing which of the following concepts? sexual configurations theory (SCT) Destiny is a cisgender woman and Aaliyah is a transgender woman. The minority stress theory would predict that Aaliyah will likely have poorer health outcomes than Destiny. Riley was born biologically male but identifies as female. Riley has not undergone hormone therapy or surgery, though she plans to have gender-confirming/affirming surgery to change her sex to reflect her gender identity. Based on this information, Riley would be considered pre-operative. Forms of genitoplasty performed on intersex individuals include which of the following? clitoroplasty and phalloplasty An individual with the chromosomal type XO would best fit the criteria for being diagnosed with Turner's syndrome. The Genderbread Person is one way to visually represent the gender bundle. Homosexual individuals who wish they were heterosexual are likely experiencing which of the following? internalized homophobia, internalized heterosexism, or internalized homonegativity When a newborn has "ambiguous" genitalia, parents typically experience a shift from happiness to worry. Hector, a transman, refuses to apply for an internship at Mountaintop Law Firm because the organization has a history of mistreating LGBTQ employees and interns. Hector's decision is the result of stigma awareness. Individuals with complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS) _____, whereas individuals with partial androgen insensitivity (PAIS) _____. have genitals that appear female; can present with "ambiguous" or masculinized genitalia Which of the following scenarios exemplifies cisgender privilege? Sarah, a cisgender woman, is able to use the women's bathroom without any issues while Sam, a transwoman, often receives disapproving looks when entering a women's bathroom. Xin does not identify as either a man or woman and prefers the pronouns they, their, and them. Xin could best be described as a genderqueer individual. Justifying gender essentialism by citing biological differences is known as neurosexism. Shih, Pittinsky, and Ambady (1999) demonstrated that math performance can be compromised for Asian women depending on which identity (Asian or woman) was primed. If this is the case, which of the following people would mostly experience stereotype threat at the intersection of race and gender? Barack, who is reminded that he will be the first non-White male president. In which of the following scenarios is a person MOST likely to experience stereotype threat? Eva is the first in her family to go to college, and right before her interview for a doctoral program, she is reminded that first-generation students tend to have a difficult time in graduate school. Women tend to score slightly better than men on _____ and _____ on tests of general intelligence. memory; processing speed What do the terms "categorical" and "dimensional" mean when used in research on differences? Women are one way and men are another; differences between men and women are a matter of degree. The popular media often use research findings about gender differences to reinforce which of the following? gender stereotypes The biopsychosocial model is useful for understanding the lives of girls and women because it considers how biological, psychological, and social aspects interact with one another. Which of the following most accurately defines stereotype threat? When a person thinks their group is stereotyped as doing poorly on a certain task, their anxiety about confirming that stereotype can compromise their performance on that task. Keisha is a feminist psychologist whose research questions test the idea that women and men can be equally good caretakers. She argues that, when girls and boys are similarly socialized to care for others, they are just as likely in adulthood to offer nurturing behaviors to others. Her approach to research on women and men would be considered the _____ perspective. similarities Researchers have found the greatest gender differences in aggression reflected in peer-report data. Imagine you are a university administrator who is trying to improve participation rates for women in STEM. You have heard that Harvey Mudd College has made significant strides in participation rates, so you review their policy changes. Based on Harvey Mudd's success, what are some programs you would want to implement? promoting women to leadership positions If effect sizes are ___________, this means women and men would be more _____________. negligible; similar than different According to the self-fulfilling prophecy, if parents have _____ expectations for how their daughters would perform in math courses, their daughters are likely to have _____ academic achievement in math. low; low Why do people with high but unstable self-esteem engage in negative behaviors like bullying, sexual experimentation, or drug or alcohol use?
to protect their self-esteem According to the article To Go Coed or Not?, a and b only A counter evolutionary argument to the sexual strategies theory is the ___________________, which asserts that a man may do better by mating with and remaining monogamous to one woman to ensure the survival of his offspring. attachment fertility theory Regarding spatial skills assessment, mental rotation test scores tend to show a male advantage with a large effect size of d = 0.70. However, it is also important to remember that a d = 0.70 effect size also indicates approximately 72% overlap in scores between women and men. When researchers say women generally have higher verbal abilities than men, it is important to remember that the difference is relatively small, meaning there is more similarity than difference. Karen is a talented undergraduate student majoring in biology. Her professor, Dr. Cedillo, encourages her to apply to medical school because she thinks Karen will make an excellent doctor. However, Karen explains that based on her brother's experiences as a doctor, she believes she'd make a better nurse because they have less responsibility than doctors. This is an example of which of the following? expectancy role value theory Beth is interested in research findings on gender differences in intelligence. She is overwhelmed by the number of studies on the topic and decides it would be more useful to combine and analyze results from all of studies she reads. The best statistical technique for Beth to use would be meta-analysis. Jamila conducts a meta-analysis to analyze results from hundreds of studies on gender and intelligence. She finds no significant gender differences and decides to discard this work, so that she can focus on research that does identify significant differences. Jamila's decision to not publish her work on nonsignificant findings is known as the _____ problem. file drawer On tests of general intelligence, women and men tend to score similarly. As noted in the textbook, researchers in France showed girls and boys a complicated object and then asked them to draw the object from memory. The girls did better when they were told it was a test of drawing skills, but the boys did better when they were told it was a test of geometry. This demonstrates which of the following? How the female advantage on memory tasks disappears when the objects are stereotypically masculine. Feminist researchers recommend asking ________ questions to take into account the __________ of gender research. four; complexity When a person says that differences between women and men can be understood by the roles they are traditionally expected to hold, she is describing which of the following? social role theory Meta-analyses on gender difference research have generally found that reported effect sizes tend to be negligible. Why did early feminist psychologists begin to question approaches to research on gender similarities and differences? They were concerned that this singular focus would legitimate the belief that gender similarities and differences are important. Vicki, a senior in high school, is a great mathematician who has experienced some challenges because of her physical disability, which requires she always use a wheelchair. Vicki intends to pursue a bachelor's degree in math and hopes to go on to pursue a doctorate. What kind of advice is Vicki likely to get from her academic counselor when she starts planning to apply to colleges? Her counselor will encourage her to pursue a non-STEM academic track. General findings on self-esteem indicate which of the following? Data do not support the common stereotype that young women lose self-esteem as they reach adolescence. Adam and Alexandra are debating the origins of gender differences life outcomes. Adam argues that because women give birth, they are predisposed to staying home to raise children, or if they are driven to work outside the home, they are better suited to be nurses than doctors. Alexandra points to feminist psychologists' work on gender socialization, noting that sex and gender are not the same thing. Adam's explanation is based in _______________, whereas Alexandra considers the _______________ model. neurosexism; biopsychosocial Research has demonstrated that biology students are more likely to nominate __________ students as the strongest students in class compared to ________________. male; women Research on interests shows that there are significant differences between women and men. However, researchers argue that gender-consistent preferences are more likely to be reported when sex/gender stereotypes are activated. An example of this would be asking adolescent girls and boys about their ideal careers. If gender differences are universal, then gender differences will be consistent regardless of race or socioeconomic status. Sonia only reads books like Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus. This would suggest that Sonia overlooks how women and men may be similar to each other. Trisha and Seamus are debating whether men are naturally more aggressive than women. Seamus says every man he knows who has taken the Big Five personality assessment has scored higher in aggression compared to the women; Trisha disagrees, and describes women and men lawyers who work at her law firm as equally aggressive. This debate exemplifies which of the following? Pen-and-paper personality assessments may differ from behavioral observations. It is important to review overlaps of scores to fully interpret the extent of the reported difference when interpreting which of the following? effect size Victoria always earns the highest scores in her college math classes. She notices that, as she progresses through math courses, there are fewer women in her classes, and even fewer women professors. She also knows that women tend to earn higher grades than men in STEM courses, so what would Victoria most likely be wondering after coming to this realization? why women are underrepresented in STEM fields Researchers propose that women and men both have the potential for pro-social behavior, but rates of such behavior are related to context, not just sex/gender. Which of the following is an example of pro-social gender behavior as related to context? Carmen chases after a thief who stole a woman's purse. Feminist psychologist Rhoda Unger moved the discussion away from gender essentialism by making the distinction between sex and gender to demonstrate that sexist socialization practices play a significant role in gender differences. Dr. Rodarte, a new engineering professor at Research University, is preparing for her first lab meeting that will include several doctoral students. How many male doctoral students can Dr. Rodarte expect in her lab compared to female doctoral students? three times as many men as women Rhoda Unger argued for the distinction between sex and gender to do which of the following? push the field of psychology away from biological essentialism According to the ADDRESSING model of social identity, which of the following women is more likely to experience more power in the United States today? Lisa, who is a Christian woman Referring to all police officers as "policemen" is an example of the people = male bias. Mei is a Chinese American woman who people assume is shy and submissive, but also intelligent and working in a STEM field. In reality, Mei is an outgoing, assertive woman who is a public relations executive. She finds that people are often surprised by her personality and her line of work. These assumptions about Mei are examples of racialized sexist stereotypes. Imagine you are attending a hearing held in Washington, DC. You pay close attention to the lively discussion about reproductive justice and notice the U.S. Supreme Court justices often interrupt each other during their debate. Based on documented research, who is more likely to inerrupt whom? Male justices are more likely to interrupt female justices. Research demonstrates that women who deviate from traditional gender-typical behaviors are often referred to as animal-related terms (e.g., "bitch"). This is an example of degrading language. Dr. Jackson recently taught a course on the psychology of women where half the class was women who identified as feminists, and the other half comprised of male college athletes. She expected lively debates, but instead found both groups to be reserved throughout each class meeting; the women deferred to the men during discussions, while the men complimented the women on their expertise about gender. After interviewing the students, she learned that the women were worried about being seen as too feminist, whereas the men were worried they'd be perceived as sexist. The students' ____________ of the other group influenced their _______________ in the classroom, making discussions less authentic because they were all doing gender. expectations; interactions When a person says her social identity is her sense of self, what does she mean? She derives her identity from her affiliation with different social groups. Which of the following is an example of scapegoating? blaming newly arrived immigrants for the U.S. economy Benevolent sexism is ________ viewed as sexist, even though research demonstrates that there are ______________ outcomes for women who experience it. rarely; negative Why is denial of discrimination a problem? It justifies not addressing gender inequalities and blames women for their lack of equality. In The Invisible Knapsack, the author lists conditions or privileges that she enjoys as a white person that people of color may not share In a committee meeting on how to best serve Latinx students at their university, Dr. Gutierrez suggested a training she'd attended on best practices, but her colleagues failed to acknowledge her suggestion and kept brainstorming. Fifteen minutes later, Dr. Smith suggested the same workshop, which prompted the committee to agree to attend the workshop. Ignoring the female professor and believing the male professor is an example of which of the following? the theory of communicator status Davenport (2016) examined whether socioeconomic status, religion, and gender would determine how three biracial subgroups of women and men (Latinx-White, Asian-White, and Black-White) would define their racial identity. The results indicated that socioeconomic status and religion predicted whether participants identified as White or as a racial minority. Davenport concluded that how people racially identify may be affected by other social categories (e.g., class, religion, gender). This is an example of intersectionality. When a person holds a negative attitude toward someone because of their actual or perceived membership in a social group, this is known as prejudice. ______________ sexism consists of negative beliefs about women, whereas ______________ sexism seems positive on the surface. Hostile; benevolent Conferred dominance is when ______________, whereas legitimizing myths _______________. one group is assumed to have more authority than another group; justify social hierarchy Women who use their surname in professional settings but their spouse's name in personal settings are considered to be which of the following? name shifting All of the following are included in The Invisible Knapsack EXCEPT: None of the above Terms like lawyer, doctor, or professor are assumed to be male and are an example of unmarked words. Which of the following is an example of a person checking their privilege? Lisa, a White woman, acknowledges that sexism is not the only form of oppression experienced by women of color. In a committee meeting on how to best serve Latinx students at their university, Dr. Gutierrez suggested a training she'd attended on best practices for recruiting, retaining, and graduating Latinx students. Fifteen minutes later, Dr. Patel shared he had reviewed websites of other universities who had large Latinx student populations and felt the website practices could be easily replicated. According to research, who would be viewed as more competent for deciding how to serve their Latinx students? Dr. Patel because he is male Women tend to smile more than men. Women are also often told to smile when they seem sullen or angry. This indicates women's _______status and men's ___________status, with women feeling obligated to smile, and men feeling entitled to tell women to smile. lower; higher As she led a meeting at work, Erika often checked in with new colleagues by asking, "Is it okay to move onto the next topic?" and for their approval about certain topics such as, "The luncheons we have on Fridays are an informal way to get to know each other and conduct business, right?" Some research demonstrates that women use these speech patterns to increase connection between themselves and others. Erica's speech pattern is an example of tentative speech. Trisha has been working at the same company for five years and has never gotten a raise in pay. She receives conflicting advice for how she should ask for an increase in her pay; some of her mentors say she should be direct and ask exactly for how much she wants, while others suggest she should ask nicely if there is room in the budget for a raise. She's worried that the first strategy may be perceived as entitled and aggressive, whereas the second strategy may be easily dismissed. This is an example of a double bind. Social identity refers to _________________, whereas social stratification considers _____. social group affiliation; social hierarchy A two-word expression in which the word order is fixed, such as "pros and cons," is known as a(n) binomial pair. Air France, Six Flags, and FedEx created policies banning people of color from wearing their hair natural or in dreadlocks to work. This policy mostly affected African American women, who filed lawsuits against the companies for privileging hairstyles worn by White women. The assumption that White women are examples of normative standards of professional dress is an example of a power hierarchy. Social identity refers to a person's sense of self as it relates to that individual's multiple affiliated social groups. Which of the following refers to things of value that, in an ideal world, should be provided to everyone, but aren't? unearned entitlements The following events are noteworthy features of which wave of feminism: The Seneca Falls Convention, the emphasis on women gaining the right to vote, and Sojourner Truth's "Ain't I a Woman?" address, which critiqued how Black women were not protected with basic human rights, including freedom from physical and emotional pain and abuse? the first wave According to the American Psychological Association (APA), sex refers to ________ and gender refers to ___________. biology and anatomy; attitudes and roles associated with biological sex In a correlational research design, relationships between variables are examined. The term _____ refers to the idea that no woman is just a woman. She also has a va-riety of other social identities and locations including, but not limited to, age, ethnicity, sexual orien-tation, ability status, class, etc. These identities are interconnected and cannot be looked at separately. intersectionality Feminism, according to bell hooks, is described as a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression. Patricia has cerebral palsy, a type of physical disability. She is more likely to face degradation due to her economic and social realities, including poverty, lack of access to accessible housing, and a lack of opportunities in the workplace despite educational attainment. She is also more likely to be physically or sexually mistreated by a partner. This scenario is an example of oppression. According to Orenstein's (2000) concept of the "half-changed world," it is important to do which of the following? examine who benefits from feminist gains and if these gains actually provide equality Within the LGBTQ population, who is the most vulnerable to murder, hate crimes, police violence, discrimination, threats, and intimidation? transgender women of color Emma Watson's 2014 #heforshe campaign addressed underlying social issues around gender by asking men to consider which of the following? how gender stereotypes are harmful for both men and women Compulsory heterosexuality means that heterosexuality is considered normal, natural, and a learned form of sexual preference or sexual orientation. Which of the following is NOT an example of the problematic nature of the term "empowerment" as applied to the lives of girls and women? Empowerment can be used to focus on large-scale change and examine accomplishments within and among diverse groups of women. Which psychologist based their theory of moral development almost entirely on wealthy White boys and men, yet applied their findings to human development as a whole? Kohlberg Which of the following is TRUE about post-colonial/transnational feminism? It stems from the legacy of colonialism and resulting inequalities from Western rule and de-valuation of all other cultures as inferior when compared to the West. Which feminist researcher criticized Freud's concept of penis envy, and called on his inability to consider a women's perspective and a more woman-centered approach? Karen Horney Tamika, a college student attending an HBC (historically Black college), identifies her experiences of oppression as strongly correlated to both racism and gender; racism plays a dominant and intersecting role in her experiences of gender. Because of these factors, Tamika would probably identity most with which form of feminism? womanism Which of the following is NOT a question proposed by psychologist Elizabeth Cole (2009) that researchers should ask when considering intersectionality? Are predominately White, middle-class women adequately represented in a university study? Which feminist theorist coined the idea "gender as performance," and what does this idea mean in everyday life? Judith Butler; gender is something we do rather than who we are Alice Walker (1983) coined the identity label ______ that stems from the experiences of Black women and other women of color, and which encompasses feminism but doesn't prioritize sexism over other forms of oppression. womanist Which of the following accurately describes psychological research and bias? The identities of both the researcher and the selected participants may contribute to bias. Which of the following is true regarding the Redstockings protest of the 1968 and 1969 Miss America pageants? It was a symbolic protest of items of oppression including bras, cosmetics, and high heels. Heteronormativity refers to the assumption that all people are heterosexual (attracted to the opposite sex) and that sex characteristics are binary (either female or male). Psychology of women is most accurately described as a subfield of psychology that focuses on the lives of girls and women, with the inclusion of political and social movements. The following events are noteworthy features of which wave of feminism: The Seneca Falls Convention, the emphasis on women gaining the right to vote, and Sojourner Truth's "Ain't I a Woman?" address, which critiqued how Black women were not protected with basic human rights, including freedom from physical and emotional pain and abuse? the first wave According to the American Psychological Association (APA), sex refers to ________ and gender refers to ___________. biology and anatomy; attitudes and roles associated with biological sex In a correlational research design, relationships between variables are examined. The term _____ refers to the idea that no woman is just a woman. She also has a va-riety of other social identities and locations including, but not limited to, age, ethnicity, sexual orien-tation, ability status, class, etc. These identities are interconnected and cannot be looked at separately. intersectionality Feminism, according to bell hooks, is described as a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression. Patricia has cerebral palsy, a type of physical disability. She is more likely to face degradation due to her economic and social realities, including poverty, lack of access to accessible housing, and a lack of opportunities in the workplace despite educational attainment. She is also more likely to be physically or sexually mistreated by a partner. This scenario is an example of oppression. According to Orenstein's (2000) concept of the "half-changed world," it is important to do which of the following? examine who benefits from feminist gains and if these gains actually provide equality Within the LGBTQ population, who is the most vulnerable to murder, hate crimes, police violence, discrimination, threats, and intimidation? transgender women of color Emma Watson's 2014 #heforshe campaign addressed underlying social issues around gender by asking men to consider which of the following? how gender stereotypes are harmful for both men and women Compulsory heterosexuality means that heterosexuality is considered normal, natural, and a learned form of sexual preference or sexual orientation. Which of the following is NOT an example of the problematic nature of the term "empowerment" as applied to the lives of girls and women? Empowerment can be used to focus on large-scale change and examine accomplishments within and among diverse groups of women. Which psychologist based their theory of moral development almost entirely on wealthy White boys and men, yet applied their findings to human development as a whole? Kohlberg Which of the following is TRUE about post-colonial/transnational feminism? It stems from the legacy of colonialism and resulting inequalities from Western rule and de-valuation of all other cultures as inferior when compared to the West. Which feminist researcher criticized Freud's concept of penis envy, and called on his inability to consider a women's perspective and a more woman-centered approach? Karen Horney Tamika, a college student attending an HBC (historically Black college), identifies her experiences of oppression as strongly correlated to both racism and gender; racism plays a dominant and intersecting role in her experiences of gender. Because of these factors, Tamika would probably identity most with which form of feminism? womanism Which of the following is NOT a question proposed by psychologist Elizabeth Cole (2009) that researchers should ask when considering intersectionality? Are predominately White, middle-class women adequately represented in a university study? Which feminist theorist coined the idea "gender as performance," and what does this idea mean in everyday life? Judith Butler; gender is something we do rather than who we are Alice Walker (1983) coined the identity label ______ that stems from the experiences of Black women and other women of color, and which encompasses feminism but doesn't prioritize sexism over other forms of oppression. womanist Which of the following accurately describes psychological research and bias? The identities of both the researcher and the selected participants may contribute to bias. Which of the following is true regarding the Redstockings protest of the 1968 and 1969 Miss America pageants? It was a symbolic protest of items of oppression including bras, cosmetics, and high heels. Heteronormativity refers to the assumption that all people are heterosexual (attracted to the opposite sex) and that sex characteristics are binary (either female or male). Psychology of women is most accurately described as a subfield of psychology that focuses on the lives of girls and women, with the inclusion of political and social movements. Medical procedures performed on intersex newborns are considered medical emergencies even though these procedures are purely cosmetic and carry more health risks than health benefits. The idea that these procedures need to be performed quickly or even at all illustrates which of the following? social pressure and stigma associated with deviating from the sex/gender binary Destiny is a cisgender woman and Aaliyah is a transgender woman. The minority stress theory would predict that Aaliyah will likely have poorer health outcomes than Destiny. Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of research on selfies? Women who post more selfies on social media show greater acceptance of the thin ideal. Which of the following research result best supports cultivation theory? Those who watch more TV are more likely to perceive themselves as overweight. Which of the following is NOT a recommendation made by the textbook about improving the existing research literature on beauty norms? The shared concerns of White women and women of color could be identified. When a person considers how others might evaluate her appearance, she is participating in self-objectification Who is MOST at risk for developing disordered eating behaviors? Wilhemina, whose romantic partner is unhappy with her post-pregnancy belly. According to classic research, three years after TV was introduced to the Fiji Islands, Fijian girls had an increased desire for thinness and higher rates of disordered eating. These study results are MOST consistent with which of the following? cultivation theory Anais is celebrating her 21st birthday at the beach, where she and a large group of friends are playing volleyball and swimming. Who might be involved in objectifying Anais? men, women, and Anais herself Which of the following is the process by which a person accepts societal standards as a reference point for how one should look, be, and/or act? internalization Self-objectification may be both expected and beneficial while doing which of the following? posing for a portrait Women who internalize societal beauty norms are prone to compare themselves to women that they know. People with greater exposure to typical media depictions of fat women tend to show greater anti-fat attitudes and the desire to avoid fat people. He Bai feels lucky to have very light skin because people assume her skin reflects All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following women living in the United States is LEAST likely to be affected by colorism? Tina, a multi-racial woman from Kenya with straight brown hair, who works in an office. When a newborn has "ambiguous" genitalia, parents typically experience a shift from happiness to worry A criticism of the LGBTQ community is that members of the community favor initiatives that mostly benefit which of the following groups of people? White, able-bodied, lesbian and gay people Solange and Brittany have just come out to their families. Solange's parents and siblings have all reacted positively, providing her with unconditional support and acceptance. Brittany's family has expressed disapproval and rejected her identity as a lesbian. Compared to Brittany, Solange is likely to experience _____ and _____. higher self-esteem; lower levels of depression. Jordan does not consider homosexuality to be a valid sexual orientation. Instead, he believes that anyone who self-identifies as gay or lesbian is simply going through a phase and that all individuals are exclusively attracted to people of the opposite sex. Jordan's thinking endorses which of the following? heterosexism Riley was born biologically male but identifies as female. Riley has not undergone hormone therapy or surgery, though she plans to have gender-confirming/affirming surgery to change her sex to reflect her gender identity. Based on this information, Riley would be considered pre-operative. List some of the medical interventions an individual who identifies as transgender can consider, and explain the potential benefits and risks of these options. One of the medical interventions that can be helpful for adolescents involves a tasking hormone known as GnRH agonist, it postpones the onset of further pubertal changes. It gives adolescents time to evaluate risks and benefits of starting cross-sex hormone treatment. One concern is that there is not much known about the long term effects of pubertal blockers Another medical intervention includes sex reassignment surgery, which involves an individual changing one's sex or gentialia. The benefit would be that the individual can finally be free while a downside is that individuals might feel pressured and it is a big thing to go under the knife with many complication involved. Spencer is a cisgender woman who has dated both cisgender men and cisgender women. Spencer typically does not experience attraction toward another person until they have known one another for some time and formed a strong emotional attachment to one another. Spencer's sexual orientation could be best described as bisexual and demisexual. Quiz Chapter 5 ... Which of the following is the LEAST accurate statement about ultrasound use? The primary purpose of an ultrasound is to determine fetal sex. Toys that feature bold colors, action, and construction tend to be viewed as masculine Which of the following is the theoretical perspective that BEST explains why children are expected to identify within binary categories (i.e., girl or boy) even if these labels do not feel accurate in representing their internal experience? postmodernism Which of the following situations BEST exemplifies operant conditioning? Sondra loves wearing pink after her father says how beautiful Sondra looks in this color. According to ________, cultural beliefs about gender are not based on objective facts about inherent essential characteristics of gender; rather, these beliefs uphold particular social and economic systems and inequalities. social construction theories Youth who watch more TV and play more video games depicting gender stereotypic messages also All of the answer choices are correct. Which of the following is NOT a documented gender difference in social media use among youth? Compared to boys, girls use social media less often. Professor Nguyen begins her lecture with, "Because we can only understand gender in terms of the options that are socioculturally available, people in different cultures recognize and adopt different gender identities for themselves." The topic of this lecture is most likely postmodern perspectives on gender. Within a book, movie, or TV show, the Smurfette principle refers to whether there is one token female character who exists only in reference to male characters. When a new baby is born, "Is it a boy or a girl?" is the first question about _____ % of the time. 80 Exam 1 ... All of the following factors contributed to the formation of the psychology of women in the mid-twentieth century EXCEPT The lack of development of college courses taught by and textbooks written by feminist psychologists. Compulsory heterosexuality means that heterosexuality is considered normal, natural, and a learned form of sexual preference or sexual orientation.
Sigmund Freud's theory suggested that anatomical differences between girls and boys that give way to personality differences All of the answer choices are correct. Institutions that only offer male and female bathrooms instead of gender-neutral bathrooms reinforce the concept of the sex/gender binary. Feminism, according to bell hooks, is described as a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression. Privilege is a term that describes ___________, and an example of privilege is ___________. unearned entitlements; conferred dominance Which of the following is true regarding the Redstockings protest of the 1968 and 1969 Miss America pageants? It was a symbolic protest of items of oppression including bras, cosmetics, and high heels. Heteronormativity refers to the assumption that all people are heterosexual (attracted to the opposite sex) and that sex characteristics are binary (either female or male). Which of the following is the theoretical perspective that BEST explains why children are expected to identify within binary categories (i.e., girl or boy) even if these labels do not feel accurate in representing their internal experience? postmodernism Karen is a talented undergraduate student majoring in biology. Her professor, Dr. Cedillo, encourages her to apply to medical school because she thinks Karen will make an excellent doctor. However, Karen explains that based on her brother's experiences as a doctor, she believes she'd make a better nurse because they have less responsibility than doctors. This is an example of which of the following? expectancy role value theory A limitation of the sex/gender binary related to biology is that it acknowledges only two genetic variations of XX and XY. A nursery rhyme about girls and boys includes such phrases as "sugar and spice and everything nice" to describe girls, and "snips and snails and puppy dog tails" to describe boys. This is an example of the _____ perspective. differences On tests of general intelligence, women and men tend to score similarly Why is denial of discrimination a problem? It justifies not addressing gender inequalities and blames women for their lack of equality. Although all groups of women are objectified in the media, being a member of the __________ group means sexualized images carry ______________ weight because there are various other representations of that group. dominant group; less Rhoda Unger argued for the distinction between sex and gender to do which of the following? push the field of psychology away from biological essentialism According to the American Psychological Association (APA), sex refers to ________ and gender refers to ___________. biology and anatomy; attitudes and roles associated with biological sex Which of the following is an example of denial of personal discrimination? Beth acknowledges sexism exists, but that she's never experienced it. It is contested as to whether this is a legitimate "wave" of feminism, but it is marked by the use of social media campaigns such as the Me Too movement, the Women's March on Washington, and the legalization of same-sex marriage by the Supreme Court decision United States v. Windsor. These events are noteworthy features of which wave of feminism? the fourth wave Individuals with complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS) _____, whereas individuals with partial androgen insensitivity (PAIS) _____. have genitals that appear female; can present with "ambiguous" or masculinized genitalia Darnell, born Shanice, recently told his family that he wants to live as a man, only be referred to as "Darnell," and use the pronouns he/him/his in reference to him. Darnell's parents and siblings now consistently call him Darnell, use his preferred pronouns, and refer to him as their son or brother. His family's behavior is an example of recognition A benefit of using the term "differences" of sex development rather than "disorders" of sex development is that it challenges the assumption of a sex/gender binary and may reduce stigma. Which if the following is NOT a biological marker used by medical providers in determining sex assignments of newborns in non-Western cultures? genitalia Radical feminists advocate for separatism. An individual with the chromosomal type XXY would best fit the criteria for being diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. You are holding a newborn baby dressed in all white asleep against your shoulder. Someone asks if the baby is a boy or a girl. If you say, "_____," research suggests that the person who asked is MOST likely to mention the word, "_______" girl; sweet Gender essentialism is the belief that women and men are fundamentally different because of unchanging factors related to biology and genetics. As noted in the textbook, researchers in France showed girls and boys a complicated object and then asked them to draw the object from memory. The girls did better when they were told it was a test of drawing skills, but the boys did better when they were told it was a test of geometry. This demonstrates which of the following? How the female advantage on memory tasks disappears when the objects are stereotypically masculine. How researchers ask questions on sexual behavior matters, as demonstrated by the research findings that women and men may answer more ______________ if they think their answers are _____________. honestly; monitored by a lie detector This chapter notes that the well-being of girls and women is still at risk in part because women are often asked to do non-paid labor or menial tasks such as organizing meetings, serving as note-taker, and planning office parties unlike their male peers. Sonia only reads books like Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus. This would suggest that Sonia overlooks how women and men may be similar to each other. Which of the following statistics are NOT true? Both D and E Sarah recently gave birth to fraternal twins. When asked about their personalities, she described her daughter as friendly and emotionally expressive, and her son as assertive and competitive. These descriptions are gender stereotypes about femininity and masculinity. Which of the following best describes lesbian feminism? An offshoot of radical feminism that focuses on sexuality and reproduction as powerful forms of oppression. Sexual orientation may encompass both sexual and romantic attraction. The gender bundle metaphor proposes that aspects of sex/gender are part of the social context and understanding of gender.
A counter evolutionary argument to the sexual strategies theory is the ___________________, which asserts that a man may do better by mating with and remaining monogamous to one woman to ensure the survival of his offspring. attachment fertility theory Based on past research on fathers' responses to their children, which of the following would you predict about Morty's behavior toward his son and daughter? Morty will be sensitive to his son's anger and his daughter's sadness. Which of the following describes a study grounded in principles of feminist psychology? A qualitative study focused on cultural and social factors that contribute to the development of eating disorders and culturally appropriate interventions. According to Freudian theory, which is NOT an inherent feminine personality trait? nurturance Meta-analyses on gender difference research have generally found that reported effect sizes tend to be negligible Freudian theories about the development of gendered personalities seem to assume which of the following?
All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following best exemplifies the difference between explicit and implicit bias? Valerie agrees with her wife that women and men both make good doctors, but her wife points out that Valerie will only see a male doctor. It is important to review overlaps of scores to fully interpret the extent of the reported difference when interpreting which of the following? effect size Liberal feminism primarily focuses on the similarities between women and men and the role of governmental intervention in rectifying gender inequalities. Which of the following most accurately characterizes the tripartite model of social influence? It describes the social forces that influence how we learn about acceptable bodies and societal beauty standards. Which of the following most accurately describes the link between poverty and fatness? Many people who live in poverty cannot afford nutritious foods and access to exercise equipment. Which of the following college students is MOST likely to be satisfied with her body? Eleni, a Mexican-American woman who enjoys not having to tan to look "sun-kissed." HAES stands for Health at Every Size. According to the text, beauty norms vary across time and place.
Body ____________________ is a behavioral manifestation of self-objectification in which one views one's body from an observer's perspective, focusing on how it looks over what it can do. surveillance Which of the following pairs of friends best illustrates co-rumination? LaToya and Keisha, who continuously discuss Keisha's concerns about infertility. How is the principle of least interest related to gender and relationships? Women are socialized to care about relationships and are expected by others to care about relationships, both of which reduce women's relational power. What have researchers concluded about the predictions made based on sexual strategies theory? Although women and men may differ in how much they focus on a potential partner's social status and attractiveness, both types of qualities tend to be valued by both. Why is social support important for older women? All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following couples is most likely to have an expensive wedding? Mary, who plans to be a homemaker, and Larry, who works in real estate Which of the following reflects our beliefs about what should happen and how people should act on a date? dating scripts Which of the following is an accurate description of marriage worldwide? Across the world, men tend to be older than women they marry. Common reasons for divorce described in the text include all of the following EXCEPT stress from infertility. Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies a polyamorous relationship? Kat, a heterosexual woman, is openly sexually involved with two of her friends, Guy and Pete. Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of the sexual strategies theory? Women and men approach relationships differently because different approaches lead to successful reproductive outcomes for each. The term "__________________" refers to the feeling of being cared for and assisted by others. social support Which of the following is NOT an example of a mate retention behavior? telling a partner that she has never looked more beautiful Which of the following women living in the United States is MOST likely to hold unrealistic beliefs about relationships? Lea, a surfing instructor in California, who obsessively watches soap operas Which of the following individuals seems to be experiencing identity-based bullying? Brie, a lesbian teenager, is accused of being too ugly to attract a man. Based on research on risk for divorce, which of the following newly married pairs is MOST at risk for divorcing? Ilaria, who is 22-years-old, and Isaac who is 24-years-old; both of whom are White
Compared to men, women tend to have _____ friendship networks and to feel _______ to their friends. smaller; closer Which woman is likely to report the MOST dissatisfaction with her own romantic relationship? Quinn, who is a fan of melodramatic serialized TV shows Weddings in the United States are often All Most prospective adoptive parents, during the process of adopting, All of the answer options are correct. In the United States, some patients seeking to have an abortion are subject to mandates requiring All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following factors increases the likelihood of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment success? female factor infertility The fact that Latinx and Black women are less likely than White women to receive treatment for infertility provides a clear example of stratified reproduction. In a "pronatalist" country, where most people perceive it is necessary for women to bear and raise children, All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following individuals is MOST at risk for anxiety, lower self-esteem, and lower life satisfaction after no longer being pregnant? Lia, who continued her pregnancy after being denied access to abortion Given what is known about people who seek to have an abortion in the United States, who is most likely to decide to have an abortion after an unintended pregnancy? Samantha, who is an impoverished single mother Which of the following refers to the implantation of an egg that was fertilized outside of the body into the uterus? in vitro fertilization
Which of the following is the LEAST accurate description of typical attitudes about abortion in the United States? Most people hold either an extremely pro-life or an extremely pro-choice view. Which of the following women living in the United States is most likely to be able to make a truly autonomous decision about what to do in response to an unexpected pregnancy? Mandy, who works as an administrator for a global media company Quiz Chapter 3 ... The belief that because women and men have biological differences, they must also have differences in behavior, attitudes, goals, talents, and skills is known as gender essentialism. Feminist psychologist Rhoda Unger moved the discussion away from gender essentialism by making the distinction between sex and gender to demonstrate that sexist socialization practices play a significant role in gender differences. The popular media often use research findings about gender differences to reinforce which of the following? gender stereotypes If gender differences are universal, then gender differences will be consistent regardless of race or socioeconomic status. Keisha is a feminist psychologist whose research questions test the idea that women and men can be equally good caretakers. She argues that, when girls and boys are similarly socialized to care for others, they are just as likely in adulthood to offer nurturing behaviors to others. Her approach to research on women and men would be considered the _____ perspective. similarities Feminist researchers recommend asking ________ questions to take into account the __________ of gender research. four; complexity Malia was recently awarded 1 million dollars from the National Institutes of Health to study pain at the molecular level. One stipulation of the grant is that she include equal numbers of women and men participants in her sample to test for variance among women and men. This is an example of the ____________ approach to research. differences Why do feminist researchers recommend asking four questions about differences? to account for intersecting identities, which may change a woman or man's experience Research on gender differences in expression of emotion indicates that, although there are some differences among girls and boys for emotional expression, the effect sizes are small, at less than 0.1. This means that there is greater _______________ than ________________. similarity; difference Justifying gender essentialism by citing biological differences is known as neurosexism Quiz Chapter 4 ... Bisexual individuals may encounter binegativity from which of the following groups of individuals? both heterosexual and gay/lesbian individuals Exam 2
... Which specific research finding BEST supports sexual strategies theory? Men prefer women who are younger than themselves; women prefer men slightly older. How does colorism affect women in the United States? All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to objectify the women with whom they work? orthodontist Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate about sexual dysfunction among women? There are four categories of sexual dysfunction among women: dysfunction related to infertility, orgasm, lubrication, and a deficient G spot. Which of the following individuals is offering informational social support? Ally, who gives her niece advice about how to find the best college for her interests Which of the following groups of people can be important sources of information about sex and sexuality for young people? All of the answer options are correct. Women tend to report being __________ satisfied than men with partnered sexual encounters, which is largely due to whether the sex they have _________________. less; meets their expectations for physical pleasure Hormonal contraceptives include which of the following? birth control pills Which types of women tend to be underrepresented in the media? All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following refers to the injection of washed sperm into the uterus at the time of ovulation? intrauterine insemination Which attribute has been most consistently linked to experiencing infertility? age Barb is known as the "school slut;" it's rumored that she had sex with the entire swim team. Barb is MOST likely to experience which of the following? psychological distress such as depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem Franny and Felicia meet at a party and end up kissing. They agree that neither of them expects any further commitment from the other person. This is an example of a hookup. Which of the following is NOT a sexual script about virginity loss in popular media? Virginity should be discussed openly (with parents, teachers, and peers). The medical intervention that most directly involves pain management during childbirth is an epidural The set of interrelated assumptions in Western culture about what sex involves and what people should expect during sex is known as a sexual script. After undergoing ________________ surrogacy, the woman who carried and delivered the baby is most likely to be recognized by a court of law as a legitimate mother with parental rights. traditional Which of the following is NOT a feminist critique of comprehensive sex education programs? Providing a sex positive view of sex may encourage students to engage in sex even if they don't have desire or feel ready. Which of the following is the clearest sign that ovulation has just occurred, rendering a woman fertile within the next 24 or so hours? an increase in body temperature Which of the following is NOT a key assumption of the traditional sexual script? For a romantic relationship to succeed, a couple cannot have sex on the first date. Which of the following is the BEST explanation as to why wearing a leotard, which is a skin-tight one-piece garment, might interfere with a woman's ability to complete cognitive or behavioral tasks, such as taking a math test or giving an oral presentation? Wearing a leotard elicits thoughts about one's body and appearance, which reduces the ability to focus. Who would be most accurately described as showing voluntary childlessness? Karli, who froze her eggs so that she can decide whether to get pregnant later in life Which of the following responses to a pregnant women's expression of body dissatisfaction is most likely to help her feel better? "Your body is amazing in how it can create and sustain life." Who is MOST likely to have positive attitudes about a woman who chooses not to have a child? well-educated women Clea is 12 weeks pregnant when she begins to experience heavy vaginal bleeding. Clea is most likely experiencing miscarriage When a woman is visibly pregnant, she is LEAST likely to experience people showing kindness as she applies for a new job. The benefits of an open adoption include improved well-being for the birth mother and the child who had been adopted. Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of how pregnancy resolution is related to mental health? People who are seeking or have had an abortion may experience stress related to unintended pregnancy, and stress may have a negative impact on mental health. According to the text, what is a major limitation of research on beauty norms? Researchers primarily focus on the thin ideal, a norm that is central to White women's concerns. Lupe, a Latinx teen, has many friendships but no romantic partner. She is likely to also have good grades because she feels a sense of belonging at school. Which of the following general belief systems are NOT directly linked to colorism? heterosexism Compared to women who are judged as not meeting societal standards for attractiveness, women who are judged as attractive may be judged negatively for being either too attractive or too appearance-focused. Which of the following is the most accurate description of typical childbirth in the United States? A baby in the breech position (feet facing the vaginal canal) is likely to be delivered surgically. Adrienne was diagnosed by her physician as obese. Based on the research presented in your textbook, which of the following is NOT an accurate description of how others might respond to Adrienne? She will be respected by others as long as she maintains good grooming and hygiene. The view of sex and sexuality as healthy and positive aspects of a full life is known as sex positivity. Transmen who did not have gender confirming surgery and who want to be pregnant may do which of the following? All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following teenagers is most likely to have positive body esteem? Natalia, who sometimes fights with her single mother despite their overall warm and open relationship. Which is NOT a common reason described in the text for deciding to have an abortion? fear of childbirth The three parts of the tripartite model of social influence on body image are parents, peers, and the media. The HAES approach promotes all of the following EXCEPT lack of personal responsibility for health behaviors. Which of the following statements is LEAST true about sexual socialization in the home? Most parents tend to be confident and comfortable discussing sexuality with their children in age appropriate ways. Quiz Chapter 10 ... Who is the most likely to successfully negotiate the highest starting salary? Phoebe, who emphasizes that she needs a high income to provide for her two children as a single mother. A feminist who endorses comparable worth would make which of the following arguments? A woman with a master's degree in education and a man with a master's degree in computer science should earn the same salary. If boys are encouraged to pursue careers that pay high salaries, they may be driven toward choosing STEM majors (i.e., architecture, engineering, finance), whereas if girls are encouraged to care for others, they may be driven toward choosing people-oriented majors (i.e., psychology, nursing, education). This is an example of ______ occupational gender segregation. horizontal Which of the following is one reason why women are not as successful as men when negotiating a starting salary? Women who negotiate are seen as violating gender expectations associated with possessing caring and communal traits. Studies have shown that ______ are more likely to exhibit qualities of a transformational leader. women Trivanka Corporation currently has ten managers and 200 subordinate employees. Nine managers are White men, while one is a White woman. The fact that Regina, a Black woman, has not been promoted to manager status despite her impressive qualifications is likely the result of the glass ceiling Which of the following is a potential explanation for the fatherhood wage bonus? Fathers are seen as warmer and more likeable than non-fathers. Which of the following individuals is most likely to experience heterosexist harassment? Daniella, who prefers to wear men's clothing to work Transformational leadership skills consist of ______ traits. both communal and agentic Which of the following is one drawback of the Me Too movement? Survivors may be triggered by upsetting memories. John and Jane attended the same college, though John studied finance and Jane studied psychology. They applied to the same organization when they graduated, with John being hired as a manager and Jane being hired as an assistant in the Human Resources department. John outranks Jane and makes significantly more money than she does. This is an example of ______ occupational gender segregation. both horizontal and vertical When instances of sexual harassment are reported in a workplace, a typical response from colleagues/coworkers is to minimize the harassment. Which of the following is a potential drawback of women having leadership roles? Women working in leadership roles may create a false perception that gender equality has been achieved and thus gender discrimination is no longer an issue. Activist shareholders are likely to provide unsolicited advice to ______ who are ______. women; leaders Studies indicate that the higher the percentage of women there are working in a specific profession, the lower the salary of that profession. Judy, a team leader, always makes sure to mention the names of specific team members who make helpful suggestions to the CEO. By doing so, Judy is making sure that employees who might otherwise be overlooked are getting due credit for their ideas. Judy is doing which of the following? using amplification to help her team members In terms of care work, ______ are more likely to cluster in these occupations ______. women; even though they pay less Which of the following explains why women are more likely to pursue occupations that focus on care? gender socialization as related to interpersonal relationships and social roles Quiz Chapter 11 ... On average, heart disease tends to develop in women about ______ compared to men. 10 years later Carolina's 18-year-old daughter Jane has recently moved out of the house to attend college. Although Carolina misses Jane very much, she also feels more relaxed now that she has fewer responsibilities such as preparing meals for Jane, helping her with her schoolwork, doing her laundry, and attending parent-teacher conferences. Carolina's experiences can best be characterized as the role strain relief hypothesis. Research has indicated that employer perceptions of a candidate's physical _____ negatively affects working women more so than working men, and this effect _____ as employees age. appearance; worsens Statistics and research suggest that women are more likely to remarry if they have higher income and lower concern about finances. Though there are several negative stereotypes associated with older adults in the workforce, actual research has found that older adults have higher levels of motivation and are more interested in change at work. Stereotype embodiment theory may affect behaviors if individuals engage in which of the following? self-stereotyping Parents of boomerang kids may experience both positive (i.e., bonding with children) and negative outcomes (i.e., conflict between partners). Symptoms of bodily changes that include fluctuations in the length and regularity of the menstrual cycle, hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness correspond to the _____ stage. perimenopausal Menopause is the result of decreased hormone production in the ______, and it typically occurs around age ______. ovaries; 50 The term launching phase refers to a period of time during which one child or more has left home, but the younger children in the family continue to live at home. Younger women might have more negative attitudes toward menopause compared to older women because they are more likely to associate menopause with aging and bodily changes. Older lesbians are perceived similarly as men in the sense that younger individuals assume that both are more masculine and independent. The difference between family caregiving and assisted caregiving in a health facility is that family caregiving is provided by an unpaid friend or family member. Elderspeak, defined as _______ speech with a(n) _______ tone, in a health-care setting tends to lead to ______ outcomes for the patient. simplified; exaggerated; negative Research has indicated that one positive outcome for aging women may be that __________ decrease(s) with age. self-objectification, body monitoring, appearance anxiety, and disordered eating Which of the following is a reason why women may experience menopause at earlier stages of their life? Women may have had surgery or other medical procedures that affect the reproductive system. The Age Discrimination and Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967 prohibits discrimination of older adults, who are defined under this act as over age 40 Quiz Chapter 12 ... Which of the following is a form of domestic violence? All of the answer options are correct. Cultural spillover theory refers to the tendency for those in the military to perceive aggression as more acceptable in civilian life. Acts of aggression motivated by anger or bias due to a person's gender are BEST known as gender-based violence. The term "hate crime" refers to All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following behaviors is an example of coercive power? All of the answer options are correct. The MOST common form of elder abuse documented involves financial exploitation. Which of the following women is disempowered by actual or potential gender-based violence? All of the answer options are correct. How are people affected by viewing sexualized images of girls and women in the media? All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following individuals is providing affirmative consent? Keisha, who says she wants to have sex and asks if her partner does as well. When perpetrators of rape are intoxicated, they are blamed ________; when victims of rape are intoxicated, they are blamed ___________. less; more Which of the following scenarios BEST demonstrates resiliency? After leaving her abusive husband, Raven joined a domestic violence survivor support group and sought to develop connections with other group members. After exposure to sexually objectified images of female bodies, 11- to 16-year-old _________ tended to show stronger acceptance of sexual harassment. boys and girls who were White Acts of aggression intended to cause fear, shame, isolation, or deprivation are known as psychological abuse. A study of female rape survivors found that _____ rape, or rape perpetrated by an intimate partner or someone known to the victim, is much more common than stranger rape. acquaintance Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of changes in rates of crime in the United States over the past 30 years? Crimes against women have decreased. Women are at increased risk for sexual assault if they All of the answer options are correct. After Alexi was raped, police asked what she was wearing and why she was out alone. These questions reflect which of the following? structural violence Which of the following is true regarding sex trafficking? All of the answer options are correct. Paid leave generally leads to positive health outcomes for newborns and mothers. Compared to White men, ______ women are particularly disadvantaged in terms of the wage gap. Black and Latinx Which of the following is MOST likely to directly perpetuate the negative stereotype that women are poor leaders? the glass cliff Which of the following women is the most likely to endure a hostile work environment? Sharice, who works in computer science The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 enforces that pregnant women are treated equally to employees with a similar ability to work. Who is the most likely to successfully negotiate the highest starting salary? Phoebe, who emphasizes that she needs a high income to provide for her two children as a single mother. The textbook uses the analogy of walking a tightrope to describe the process of how women in leadership roles have combined communal and agentic traits to be both liked and respected. Women with disabilities earn ______ compared to women without disabilities. about 73% less than Studies have shown that ______ are more likely to exhibit qualities of a transformational leader. women The phenomenon that describes women being relegated to lower status work positions with low pay and having more difficulty with career advancement is best known as the sticky floor. The fatherhood wage bonus tends to be highest for White men Research has shown that when women move into male-dominated professions, the salary and prestige of said profession decreases. Why do some researchers call the gender revolution stalled and uneven? Men continue to contribute less to family and household responsibilities, women continue to hold a disproportionate amount of low status jobs, and women continue to do more care work than men. Which of the following individuals is experiencing the second shift? Naomi, who works full time and does more household work than her husband
Which of the following is a double bind that women are likely to face in the early stages of their careers? If women negotiate for a higher starting salary, they might be viewed in a negative social light; if they don't, they might experience financial loss. Before the Equal Pay Act passed in 1963, organizations were legally allowed to do which of the following? set lower wages for jobs held mostly by women If boys are encouraged to pursue careers that pay high salaries, they may be driven toward choosing STEM majors (i.e., architecture, engineering, finance), whereas if girls are encouraged to care for others, they may be driven toward choosing people-oriented majors (i.e., psychology, nursing, education). This is an example of ______ occupational gender segregation. horizontal Which of the following is a potential drawback of women having leadership roles? Women working in leadership roles may create a false perception that gender equality has been achieved and thus gender discrimination is no longer an issue. Transformational leadership skills consist of ______ traits. both communal and agentic Which of the following is a potential explanation for the fatherhood wage bonus? Fathers are seen as warmer and more likeable than non-fathers. According to the textbook, which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to have a positive attitude toward experiencing menopause? June, an Asian American woman
Margarita's only child, Camila, has recently left home to join the military. Margarita begins feeling a sense of loss and loneliness over no longer having someone to care for and look after. Margarita's emotional experience is most consistent with ______, which is associated with the ______. empty-nest syndrome; role loss hypothesis Why might the term "successful aging" be problematic? It stigmatizes those with chronic illness and/or disabilities. After women retire, they tend to experience mixed outcomes, such as initial boredom or loss of worker identity, yet having more time for leisure. Multigenerational homes are more common in the _____ region of the United States.
southern Additional factors that may contribute to the wage gap include the greater likelihood that aging women, more so than aging men, attempt to reenter the workforce after caring for children, a divorce, or the death of a partner. An economic disadvantage of aging women compared to aging men is that women tend to have less money in savings and receive less in terms of Social Security and pension. Parents of boomerang kids may experience both positive (i.e., bonding with children) and negative outcomes (i.e., conflict between partners). Women are at ______ greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease compared to men. 30% The contemporary medical community uses hormone therapy (HT) as a ______ treatment for ______. short-term; hot flashes and vaginal dryness Studies that use ______ have found evidence that ______ toward older women occurred more frequently compared to rates for older men. resumés; hiring biases in the workplace
Erykah has not had a menstrual cycle in 18 months. She is currently in the _____ stage postmenopausal Jasmin's closest friend recently passed away from a terminal illness and Jasmin has been feeling a profound sense of sadness since then. Jasmin's feelings are most consistent with which of the following? bereavement Studies indicate that middle aged women who have greater exposure to the media tend to express greater body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Research from the American Medical Association (AMA) has indicated that which of the following may be a successful method of improving health seeking behaviors and health-care treatment for women of all ages? recruiting more students of diverse backgrounds into health-care fields Nancy's daughter Betsy, a single mom, has decided to join the military. Nancy has offered to let her grandchild, Betsy's 5-year-old daughter, move in while Betsy is away so that she can care for granddaughter full-time. Nancy's situation can best be described as assuming a custodial role. Research indicates that when children move out of the house, mothers may report positive outcomes such as increased self-care and a greater sense of freedom. Elderspeak, defined as _______ speech with a(n) _______ tone, in a health-care setting tends to lead to ______ outcomes for the patient. simplified; exaggerated; negative Bernice's husband recently died in an unexpected accident and Bernice has been engaging in riskier behavior since her loss. Bernice's behavior best fits the concept of the widowhood effect. Older lesbians are perceived similarly as men in the sense that younger individuals assume that both are more masculine and independent. When perpetrators of rape are intoxicated, they are blamed ________; when victims of rape are intoxicated, they are blamed __________ less; more Which of the following scenarios BEST demonstrates resiliency? After leaving her abusive husband, Raven joined a domestic violence survivor support group and sought to develop connections with other group members. After exposure to sexually objectified images of female bodies, 11- to 16-year-old _________ tended to show stronger acceptance of sexual harassment. boys and girls who were White Sex that is unwanted but consensual is known as compliant sex. A primary benefit of a restorative justice approach to healing after intimate partner violence is to provide an alternative to incarceration for perpetrators. Which of the following is true of the adult entertainment industry? It both implicitly and explicitly links sexual content with aggression. After Alexi was raped, police asked what she was wearing and why she was out alone. These questions reflect which of the following? structural violence Which of the following statements is MOST accurate? Women may minimize rape or blame victims to feel less personally threatened by rape. Acts of aggression motivated by anger or bias due to a person's gender are BEST known as gender-based violence The "invisible war" refers to women's risk for being sexually assaulted by a fellow soldier. Spanking children is associated with increases in all of the following EXCEPT cognitive abilities and school achievement. Which of the following was NOT a documented effect of educational efforts for college students that encourage bystander intervention? Women were less likely to perpetrate violence. According to past research, why have women engaged in token resistance? All of the answer options are correct. The group of women at greatest risk for sexual assault are _____ women. Native American What differentiates sexual assault against Native American women from other types of sexual assaults? Native American women tend to be assaulted by non-Native American men, yet for other racial groups, assailants are typically from the same race. The MOST common form of elder abuse documented involves financial exploitation. Which of the following groups of women has NOT been shown to be at elevated risk for sexual assault? women who have been widowed When a woman moves on from an abusive relationship, she is likely to All of the answer options are correct Why does the text suggest that violence may be addressed via candid conversations with men about masculinity? All of the answer options are correct Which of the following is the LEAST accurate description of sexual assault in the United States? Most rapes are perpetrated by strangers. The following events are noteworthy features of which wave of feminism: The Seneca Falls Convention, the emphasis on women gaining the right to vote, and Sojourner Truth's "Ain't I a Woman?" address, which critiqued how Black women were not protected with basic human rights, including freedom from physical and emotional pain and abuse? the first wave According to the American Psychological Association (APA), sex refers to ________ and gender refers to ___________. biology and anatomy; attitudes and roles associated with biological sex In a correlational research design, relationships between variables are examined. The term _____ refers to the idea that no woman is just a woman. She also has a va-riety of other social identities and locations including, but not limited to, age, ethnicity, sexual orien-tation, ability status, class, etc. These identities are interconnected and cannot be looked at separately. intersectionality Feminism, according to bell hooks, is described as a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression. Patricia has cerebral palsy, a type of physical disability. She is more likely to face degradation due to her economic and social realities, including poverty, lack of access to accessible housing, and a lack of opportunities in the workplace despite educational attainment. She is also more likely to be physically or sexually mistreated by a partner. This scenario is an example of oppression. According to Orenstein's (2000) concept of the "half-changed world," it is important to do which of the following? examine who benefits from feminist gains and if these gains actually provide equality Within the LGBTQ population, who is the most vulnerable to murder, hate crimes, police violence, discrimination, threats, and intimidation? transgender women of color Emma Watson's 2014 #heforshe campaign addressed underlying social issues around gender by asking men to consider which of the following? how gender stereotypes are harmful for both men and women Compulsory heterosexuality means that heterosexuality is considered normal, natural, and a learned form of sexual preference or sexual orientation. Which of the following is NOT an example of the problematic nature of the term "empowerment" as applied to the lives of girls and women? Empowerment can be used to focus on large-scale change and examine accomplishments within and among diverse groups of women. Which psychologist based their theory of moral development almost entirely on wealthy White boys and men, yet applied their findings to human development as a whole? Kohlberg Which of the following is TRUE about post-colonial/transnational feminism? It stems from the legacy of colonialism and resulting inequalities from Western rule and de-valuation of all other cultures as inferior when compared to the West. Which feminist researcher criticized Freud's concept of penis envy, and called on his inability to consider a women's perspective and a more woman-centered approach? Karen Horney Tamika, a college student attending an HBC (historically Black college), identifies her experiences of oppression as strongly correlated to both racism and gender; racism plays a dominant and intersecting role in her experiences of gender. Because of these factors, Tamika would probably identity most with which form of feminism? womanism Which of the following is NOT a question proposed by psychologist Elizabeth Cole (2009) that researchers should ask when considering intersectionality? Are predominately White, middle-class women adequately represented in a university study? Which feminist theorist coined the idea "gender as performance," and what does this idea mean in everyday life? Judith Butler; gender is something we do rather than who we are Alice Walker (1983) coined the identity label ______ that stems from the experiences of Black women and other women of color, and which encompasses feminism but doesn't prioritize sexism over other forms of oppression. womanist Which of the following accurately describes psychological research and bias? The identities of both the researcher and the selected participants may contribute to bias. Which of the following is true regarding the Redstockings protest of the 1968 and 1969 Miss America pageants? It was a symbolic protest of items of oppression including bras, cosmetics, and high heels. Heteronormativity refers to the assumption that all people are heterosexual (attracted to the opposite sex) and that sex characteristics are binary (either female or male). Psychology of women is most accurately described as a subfield of psychology that focuses on the lives of girls and women, with the inclusion of political and social movements. According to the ADDRESSING model of social identity, which of the following women is more likely to experience more power in the United States today? Lisa, who is a Christian woman Referring to all police officers as "policemen" is an example of the people = male bias. Mei is a Chinese American woman who people assume is shy and submissive, but also intelligent and working in a STEM field. In reality, Mei is an outgoing, assertive woman who is a public relations executive. She finds that people are often surprised by her personality and her line of work. These assumptions about Mei are examples of racialized sexist stereotypes. Imagine you are attending a hearing held in Washington, DC. You pay close attention to the lively discussion about reproductive justice and notice the U.S. Supreme Court justices often interrupt each other during their debate. Based on documented research, who is more likely to inerrupt whom? Male justices are more likely to interrupt female justices. Research demonstrates that women who deviate from traditional gender-typical behaviors are often referred to as animal-related terms (e.g., "bitch"). This is an example of degrading language. Dr. Jackson recently taught a course on the psychology of women where half the class was women who identified as feminists, and the other half comprised of male college athletes. She expected lively debates, but instead found both groups to be reserved throughout each class meeting; the women deferred to the men during discussions, while the men complimented the women on their expertise about gender. After interviewing the students, she learned that the women were worried about being seen as too feminist, whereas the men were worried they'd be perceived as sexist. The students' ____________ of the other group influenced their _______________ in the classroom, making discussions less authentic because they were all doing gender. expectations; interactions When a person says her social identity is her sense of self, what does she mean? She derives her identity from her affiliation with different social groups. Which of the following is an example of scapegoating? blaming newly arrived immigrants for the U.S. economy Benevolent sexism is ________ viewed as sexist, even though research demonstrates that there are ______________ outcomes for women who experience it. rarely; negative Why is denial of discrimination a problem? It justifies not addressing gender inequalities and blames women for their lack of equality. In The Invisible Knapsack, the author lists conditions or privileges that she enjoys as a white person that people of color may not share In a committee meeting on how to best serve Latinx students at their university, Dr. Gutierrez suggested a training she'd attended on best practices, but her colleagues failed to acknowledge her suggestion and kept brainstorming. Fifteen minutes later, Dr. Smith suggested the same workshop, which prompted the committee to agree to attend the workshop. Ignoring the female professor and believing the male professor is an example of which of the following? the theory of communicator status Davenport (2016) examined whether socioeconomic status, religion, and gender would determine how three biracial subgroups of women and men (Latinx-White, Asian-White, and Black-White) would define their racial identity. The results indicated that socioeconomic status and religion predicted whether participants identified as White or as a racial minority. Davenport concluded that how people racially identify may be affected by other social categories (e.g., class, religion, gender). This is an example of intersectionality. When a person holds a negative attitude toward someone because of their actual or perceived membership in a social group, this is known as prejudice. ______________ sexism consists of negative beliefs about women, whereas ______________ sexism seems positive on the surface. Hostile; benevolent Conferred dominance is when ______________, whereas legitimizing myths _______________. one group is assumed to have more authority than another group; justify social hierarchy
Women who use their surname in professional settings but their spouse's name in personal settings are considered to be which of the following? name shifting All of the following are included in The Invisible Knapsack EXCEPT: None of the above Terms like lawyer, doctor, or professor are assumed to be male and are an example of unmarked words. Which of the following is an example of a person checking their privilege? Lisa, a White woman, acknowledges that sexism is not the only form of oppression experienced by women of color. In a committee meeting on how to best serve Latinx students at their university, Dr. Gutierrez suggested a training she'd attended on best practices for recruiting, retaining, and graduating Latinx students. Fifteen minutes later, Dr. Patel shared he had reviewed websites of other universities who had large Latinx student populations and felt the website practices could be easily replicated. According to research, who would be viewed as more competent for deciding how to serve their Latinx students? Dr. Patel because he is male
Women tend to smile more than men. Women are also often told to smile when they seem sullen or angry. This indicates women's _______status and men's ___________status, with women feeling obligated to smile, and men feeling entitled to tell women to smile. lower; higher As she led a meeting at work, Erika often checked in with new colleagues by asking, "Is it okay to move onto the next topic?" and for their approval about certain topics such as, "The luncheons we have on Fridays are an informal way to get to know each other and conduct business, right?" Some research demonstrates that women use these speech patterns to increase connection between themselves and others. Erica's speech pattern is an example of tentative speech. Trisha has been working at the same company for five years and has never gotten a raise in pay. She receives conflicting advice for how she should ask for an increase in her pay; some of her mentors say she should be direct and ask exactly for how much she wants, while others suggest she should ask nicely if there is room in the budget for a raise. She's worried that the first strategy may be perceived as entitled and aggressive, whereas the second strategy may be easily dismissed. This is an example of a double bind. Social identity refers to _________________, whereas social stratification considers _____. social group affiliation; social hierarchy A two-word expression in which the word order is fixed, such as "pros and cons," is known as a(n) binomial pair. Air France, Six Flags, and FedEx created policies banning people of color from wearing their hair natural or in dreadlocks to work. This policy mostly affected African American women, who filed lawsuits against the companies for privileging hairstyles worn by White women. The assumption that White women are examples of normative standards of professional dress is an example of a power hierarchy. Social identity refers to a person's sense of self as it relates to that individual's multiple affiliated social groups. Which of the following refers to things of value that, in an ideal world, should be provided to everyone, but aren't? unearned entitlements Justifying gender essentialism by citing biological differences is known as neurosexism. Shih, Pittinsky, and Ambady (1999) demonstrated that math performance can be compromised for Asian women depending on which identity (Asian or woman) was primed. If this is the case, which of the following people would mostly experience stereotype threat at the intersection of race and gender? Barack, who is reminded that he will be the first non-White male president. In which of the following scenarios is a person MOST likely to experience stereotype threat? Eva is the first in her family to go to college, and right before her interview for a doctoral program, she is reminded that first-generation students tend to have a difficult time in graduate school. Women tend to score slightly better than men on _____ and _____ on tests of general intelligence.
memory; processing speed What do the terms "categorical" and "dimensional" mean when used in research on differences? Women are one way and men are another; differences between men and women are a matter of degree. The popular media often use research findings about gender differences to reinforce which of the following? gender stereotypes The biopsychosocial model is useful for understanding the lives of girls and women because it considers how biological, psychological, and social aspects interact with one another. Which of the following most accurately defines stereotype threat? When a person thinks their group is stereotyped as doing poorly on a certain task, their anxiety about confirming that stereotype can compromise their performance on that task. Keisha is a feminist psychologist whose research questions test the idea that women and men can be equally good caretakers. She argues that, when girls and boys are similarly socialized to care for others, they are just as likely in adulthood to offer nurturing behaviors to others. Her approach to research on women and men would be considered the _____ perspective. similarities Researchers have found the greatest gender differences in aggression reflected in peer-report data. Imagine you are a university administrator who is trying to improve participation rates for women in STEM. You have heard that Harvey Mudd College has made significant strides in participation rates, so you review their policy changes. Based on Harvey Mudd's success, what are some programs you would want to implement? promoting women to leadership positions If effect sizes are ___________, this means women and men would be more _____________. negligible; similar than different According to the self-fulfilling prophecy, if parents have _____ expectations for how their daughters would perform in math courses, their daughters are likely to have _____ academic achievement in math. low; low Why do people with high but unstable self-esteem engage in negative behaviors like bullying, sexual experimentation, or drug or alcohol use? to protect their self-esteem According to the article To Go Coed or Not?, a and b only A counter evolutionary argument to the sexual strategies theory is the ___________________, which asserts that a man may do better by mating with and remaining monogamous to one woman to ensure the survival of his offspring. attachment fertility theory Regarding spatial skills assessment, mental rotation test scores tend to show a male advantage with a large effect size of d = 0.70. However, it is also important to remember that a d = 0.70 effect size also indicates approximately 72% overlap in scores between women and men. When researchers say women generally have higher verbal abilities than men, it is important to remember that the difference is relatively small, meaning there is more similarity than difference. Karen is a talented undergraduate student majoring in biology. Her professor, Dr. Cedillo, encourages her to apply to medical school because she thinks Karen will make an excellent doctor. However, Karen explains that based on her brother's experiences as a doctor, she believes she'd make a better nurse because they have less responsibility than doctors. This is an example of which of the following? expectancy role value theory Beth is interested in research findings on gender differences in intelligence. She is overwhelmed by the number of studies on the topic and decides it would be more useful to combine and analyze results from all of studies she reads. The best statistical technique for Beth to use would be meta-analysis. Jamila conducts a meta-analysis to analyze results from hundreds of studies on gender and intelligence. She finds no significant gender differences and decides to discard this work, so that she can focus on research that does identify significant differences. Jamila's decision to not publish her work on nonsignificant findings is known as the _____ problem. file drawer On tests of general intelligence, women and men tend to score similarly. As noted in the textbook, researchers in France showed girls and boys a complicated object and then asked them to draw the object from memory. The girls did better when they were told it was a test of drawing skills, but the boys did better when they were told it was a test of geometry. This demonstrates which of the following? How the female advantage on memory tasks disappears when the objects are stereotypically masculine. Feminist researchers recommend asking ________ questions to take into account the __________ of gender research. four; complexity When a person says that differences between women and men can be understood by the roles they are traditionally expected to hold, she is describing which of the following? social role theory Meta-analyses on gender difference research have generally found that reported effect sizes tend to be negligible. Why did early feminist psychologists begin to question approaches to research on gender similarities and differences? They were concerned that this singular focus would legitimate the belief that gender similarities and differences are important. Vicki, a senior in high school, is a great mathematician who has experienced some challenges because of her physical disability, which requires she always use a wheelchair. Vicki intends to pursue a bachelor's degree in math and hopes to go on to pursue a doctorate. What kind of advice is Vicki likely to get from her academic counselor when she starts planning to apply to colleges? Her counselor will encourage her to pursue a non-STEM academic track. General findings on self-esteem indicate which of the following? Data do not support the common stereotype that young women lose self-esteem as they reach adolescence. Adam and Alexandra are debating the origins of gender differences life outcomes. Adam argues that because women give birth, they are predisposed to staying home to raise children, or if they are driven to work outside the home, they are better suited to be nurses than doctors. Alexandra points to feminist psychologists' work on gender socialization, noting that sex and gender are not the same thing. Adam's explanation is based in _______________, whereas Alexandra considers the _______________ model. neurosexism; biopsychosocial Research has demonstrated that biology students are more likely to nominate __________ students as the strongest students in class compared to ________________. male; women Research on interests shows that there are significant differences between women and men. However, researchers argue that gender-consistent preferences are more likely to be reported when sex/gender stereotypes are activated. An example of this would be asking adolescent girls and boys about their ideal careers. If gender differences are universal, then gender differences will be consistent regardless of race or socioeconomic status. Sonia only reads books like Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus. This would suggest that Sonia overlooks how women and men may be similar to each other. Trisha and Seamus are debating whether men are naturally more aggressive than women. Seamus says every man he knows who has taken the Big Five personality assessment has scored higher in aggression compared to the women; Trisha disagrees, and describes women and men lawyers who work at her law firm as equally aggressive. This debate exemplifies which of the following? Pen-and-paper personality assessments may differ from behavioral observations. It is important to review overlaps of scores to fully interpret the extent of the reported difference when interpreting which of the following? effect size Victoria always earns the highest scores in her college math classes. She notices that, as she progresses through math courses, there are fewer women in her classes, and even fewer women professors. She also knows that women tend to earn higher grades than men in STEM courses, so what would Victoria most likely be wondering after coming to this realization? why women are underrepresented in STEM fields Researchers propose that women and men both have the potential for pro-social behavior, but rates of such behavior are related to context, not just sex/gender. Which of the following is an example of pro-social gender behavior as related to context? Carmen chases after a thief who stole a woman's purse. Feminist psychologist Rhoda Unger moved the discussion away from gender essentialism by making the distinction between sex and gender to demonstrate that sexist socialization practices play a significant role in gender differences. Dr. Rodarte, a new engineering professor at Research University, is preparing for her first lab meeting that will include several doctoral students. How many male doctoral students can Dr. Rodarte expect in her lab compared to female doctoral students? three times as many men as women Rhoda Unger argued for the distinction between sex and gender to do which of the following? push the field of psychology away from biological essentialism 5-alpha reductase deficiency is a condition in which testosterone cannot convert to dihydrotestosterone. Bisexual individuals may encounter binegativity from which of the following groups of individuals? both heterosexual and gay/lesbian individuals Which of the following transgender individuals is facing a transitioning obstacle? Jason, who doesn't have health insurance and cannot afford gender-confirming/affirming surgery. Darius has been romantically interested in both men and women, but he has no interest in engaging in sexual activities with women. He has consistently had male sexual partners and reports high levels of sexual attraction to men. Darius could best be described as _____ and _____. biromantic; homosexual An individual with the chromosomal type XXY would best fit the criteria for being diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. Which of the following hormones delays the onset of changes associated with puberty? GnRH If a transgender person is of a younger age, racial minority status, and lower socioeconomic status, this person has a greater risk of experiencing a violent attack. Lily has many close friends, but she has not had a significant other in many years. She recently realized that she simply did not have any motivation to seek romantic connections with others and that she is very fulfilled living her life without a romantic partner. Lily is most likely aromantic. Sexual orientation may encompass both sexual and romantic attraction. According to the article, 3 Ways that Gender Reveal Parties Can Be Harmful, All of the above A criticism of the LGBTQ community is that members of the community favor initiatives that mostly benefit which of the following groups of people? White, able-bodied, lesbian and gay people Shawn is reluctant to schedule a physical with his medical doctor because the last time he was at the hospital, his doctor invited a group of residents into the room to examine his post-surgical results, and they also spoke about Shawn in a way that made him feel very detached from his sense of self. This concept is referred to as the medical gaze. Spencer is a cisgender woman who has dated both cisgender men and cisgender women. Spencer typically does not experience attraction toward another person until they have known one another for some time and formed a strong emotional attachment to one another. Spencer's sexual orientation could be best described as bisexual and demisexual. A benefit of using the term "differences" of sex development rather than "disorders" of sex development is that it challenges the assumption of a sex/gender binary and may reduce stigma. Lindsay, a teenager, recently discovered that she is intersex and that her parents consented to genitoplasty for her shortly after her birth. Lindsay is likely experiencing which of the following feelings? anxiety, betrayal, and helplessness Which of the following accurately describes the process of nondisjunction? Chromosomes fail to disconnect when a cell divides. The term ____ was used in the past to describe "ambiguous" genitalia, where terms such as "intersex" and "disorders of sex development" are more widely used nowadays. hermaphrodite Jian-Yu was born biologically male, but wishes to be a woman. However, Jian-Yu is reluctant to come out as transgender and thus continues to use male pronouns, dresses as a man, and engages in behaviors that society labels as traditionally masculine. Jian-Yu is experiencing an inconsistency between _____ and _____. gender identity; gender expression Brendan, a high school student, wishes that he had been born a girl and named Brenda. Brendan has not told this to anyone out of fear of rejection and wishes he "felt" more like a boy. Brendan's feelings are likely the result of which of the following? internalized transphobia Why might some bisexual individuals choose to describe their sexual identity differently depending on the gender of their current partner? Bisexual individuals may feel pressure to conform to dominant binary standards because of negative attitudes from society. A limitation of the sex/gender binary related to biology is that it acknowledges only two genetic variations of XX and XY. Sex differentiation, the process of developing sex-specific characteristics, typically begins during the _____ week of pregnancy. sixth Feminist psychologist Sari van Anders (2015) is credited with developing which of the following concepts? sexual configurations theory (SCT) Destiny is a cisgender woman and Aaliyah is a transgender woman. The minority stress theory would predict that Aaliyah will likely have poorer health outcomes than Destiny. Riley was born biologically male but identifies as female. Riley has not undergone hormone therapy or surgery, though she plans to have gender-confirming/affirming surgery to change her sex to reflect her gender identity. Based on this information, Riley would be considered pre-operative. Forms of genitoplasty performed on intersex individuals include which of the following? clitoroplasty and phalloplasty An individual with the chromosomal type XO would best fit the criteria for being diagnosed with Turner's syndrome. The Genderbread Person is one way to visually represent the gender bundle. Homosexual individuals who wish they were heterosexual are likely experiencing which of the following? internalized homophobia, internalized heterosexism, or internalized homonegativity When a newborn has "ambiguous" genitalia, parents typically experience a shift from happiness to worry. Hector, a transman, refuses to apply for an internship at Mountaintop Law Firm because the organization has a history of mistreating LGBTQ employees and interns. Hector's decision is the result of stigma awareness. Individuals with complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS) _____, whereas individuals with partial androgen insensitivity (PAIS) _____. have genitals that appear female; can present with "ambiguous" or masculinized genitalia Which of the following scenarios exemplifies cisgender privilege? Sarah, a cisgender woman, is able to use the women's bathroom without any issues while Sam, a transwoman, often receives disapproving looks when entering a women's bathroom. Xin does not identify as either a man or woman and prefers the pronouns they, their, and them. Xin could best be described as a genderqueer individual. Cassie has had a biopsy after finding a lump in her breast. While waiting to find out whether she has breast cancer, she treats herself to new clothes, a haircut, and a manicure. Which psychological theory best explains her behavior? terror management theory Which of the following college students is MOST likely to be satisfied with her body? Eleni, a Mexican-American woman who enjoys not having to tan to look "sun-kissed." Which of the following general belief systems are NOT directly linked to colorism? heterosexism How does objectification harm women as individuals and also as a social group? All of the answer options are correct. According to the text, normative discontent occurs because All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following research result best supports cultivation theory? Those who watch more TV are more likely to perceive themselves as overweight. Which hormone is correctly paired with its function in the menstrual cycle? All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following is the most accurate description about how self-objectification affects girls and women of different ages? Self-objectification is related to body shame at all ages. Which of the following is NOT a recommendation made by the textbook about improving the existing research literature on beauty norms? The shared concerns of White women and women of color could be identified. In classic research on the consequences of self-objectification, women and men wore either a swimsuit (a one piece for women; swim trunks for men) or a V-neck sweater before taking a math test. Results showed ___________ performed worse than _______________. women in swimsuits; women in sweaters Barbie, a doll that depicts an idealized 19-year-old body, differs from the typical 19-year-old in which of the following ways? All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following situations involving teens and the media BEST exemplifies cultivation theory? Mei wonders about the "small holes" on her face that she doesn't see on girls in her magazines. Mei's mother explains that these are called "pores," and that all people have them. According to the text, who is MOST likely to conform to the expectation for being hairless from the neck down? Wilhemina, whose romantic partner is unhappy with her post-pregnancy belly. According to the text, beauty norms vary across time and place. Anais is celebrating her 21st birthday at the beach, where she and a large group of friends are playing volleyball and swimming. Who might be involved in objectifying Anais? men, women, and Anais herself Who developed objectification theory? Fredrickson and Roberts Which of the following is the process by which a person accepts societal standards as a reference point for how one should look, be, and/or act? internalization Marisol reads several women's magazines that feature advertisements with models promoting various beauty products. Marisol is at risk for body dissatisfaction and depression to the degree that she makes social comparisons between herself and the models. What have researchers concluded about how "fat talk" influences girls and women? Hearing others participate in fat talk can have a negative impact on a bystander's own feelings about her body.
He Bai feels lucky to have very light skin because people assume her skin reflects All of the answer options are correct. Because of the ways in which objectification is linked to anxiety about death, women who are reminded of their own eventual death tend to objectify themselves as well as other women. HAES stands for Health at Every Size. The three parts of the tripartite model of social influence on body image are parents, peers, and the media. Body ____________________ is a behavioral manifestation of self-objectification in which one views one's body from an observer's perspective, focusing on how it looks over what it can do. surveillance According to classic research, three years after TV was introduced to the Fiji Islands, Fijian girls had an increased desire for thinness and higher rates of disordered eating. These study results are MOST consistent with which of the following? cultivation theory When someone is objectified, that person is All of the answer options are correct. Margaret, who is 12-years-old, is very excited for menarche. Based on research reviewed in the textbook, this is MOST likely because Margaret has a good deal of education and feels adequately prepared for menarche. When a person considers how others might evaluate her appearance, she is participating in self-objectification. Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to experience self-objectification? Yazmin, who is wearing a hijab In "If Men Could Menstruate", Steinem argues that those in power get to decide what biological aspects should be celebrated or stigmatized Which of the following occurs when sexuality is imposed on others, when people are perceived as sex objects, and when a person's value is reduced to their sexual appeal or sexual behavior? sexualization Wendy identifies as asexual; accordingly, it is likely that she will All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following is NOT a feminist critique of comprehensive sex education programs? Providing a sex positive view of sex may encourage students to engage in sex even if they don't have desire or feel ready. Which of the following teen girls is MOST likely to have experienced first vaginal sex as pleasurable? Annika, who says, "Sex allowed me to express myself in a new way with my boyfriend." Which of the following groups of people can be important sources of information about sex and sexuality for young people? All of the answer options are correct. When children learn about their sexual body parts, about sexual and romantic relationships, and where babies come from, they are experiencing sexual socialization. Which of the following individuals is most likely to experience orgasm almost every time or every time they have partnered sexual activity? Oliver, a heterosexual man When women experience their bodies primarily as sexual objects that can provide of pleasure for partners, they are engaging in spectatoring. You want to encourage your younger cousin to use birth control, and she says that she wants to use a barrier method. Which option does NOT support her preference? birth control pills Franny and Felicia meet at a party and end up kissing. They agree that neither of them expects any further commitment from the other person. This is an example of a hookup. Sean wants to have sex with Cristina and promises he "won't finish," so it won't count as "real sex." What part of the traditional sexual script is Sean apparently using to try to gain sexual access? If a man does not have an orgasm, then there was no sex. In her blog, Greta Christina argues b & c only Girls rank the media and their peers as more important than their parents as sources of information about sex. A sexually inexperienced teen couple spends prom night together in a hotel. They experiment with oral sex; no vaginal or anal penetration occurs. If they are typical teens, when asked if they are still virgins, the teens are likely to say "yes." Which of the following describes when women engage in sexual activity with one another for the enjoyment of men? performative bisexuality The set of interrelated assumptions in Western culture about what sex involves and what people should expect during sex is known as a sexual script. Which of the following activities completed for pay is NOT considered sex work? modeling Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to receive an appropriate diagnosis of hypoactive sexual desire disorder? Fred, who has sex twice a week to satisfy his wife, but would prefer to be left alone since he is rarely interested. A woman who does not experience vaginal lubrication or engorgement of the labia and clitoris might be most accurately diagnosed as having sexual arousal disorder. Which of the following is an example of sexual assertiveness? asking one's partner to kiss her in a different way Feminist scholars debate whether self-sexualization All of the answer options are correct. How are transwomen sexualized in the media? Transwomen are often depicted in terms of close up shots of body parts and are also often asked about the nature of their most intimate body parts.
The decision to use a particular method of contraception is influenced by All of the answer options are correct. Gender differences in responses to having sex for the first time show that men tended to ______, whereas women tended to _____. achieve status as adult men; manage feeling loss Which specific research finding BEST supports sexual strategies theory? Men prefer women who are younger than themselves; women prefer men slightly older. Which of the following individuals seems to be experiencing identity-based bullying? Brie, a lesbian teenager, is accused of being too ugly to attract a man. Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of a polyamorous (poly) relationship? Only people who are honest about having multiple partners are in poly relationships. Relational aggression MOST often involves acts such as damaging others' relationships and/or reputations. Which of the following is the BEST explanation as to why women may experience negative outcomes after divorce? After divorce, most women experience considerable financial decline. What have researchers concluded about the predictions made based on sexual strategies theory? Although women and men may differ in how much they focus on a potential partner's social status and attractiveness, both types of qualities tend to be valued by both. Under what conditions will a feminist woman who works outside of the home be most likely to experience marital dissatisfaction related to the division of labor in her primary romantic relationship? All of the answer options are correct. In the article, Marche argues that All of the above Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies a polyamorous relationship? Kat, a heterosexual woman, is openly sexually involved with two of her friends, Guy and Pete. A man who has multiple wives could accurately be described as All of the answer options are correct. Compared to men, women tend to have _____ friendship networks and to feel _______ to their friends. smaller; closer How is the principle of least interest related to gender and relationships? Women are socialized to care about relationships and are expected by others to care about relationships, both of which reduce women's relational power. Which of the following individuals is offering informational social support? Ally, who gives her niece advice about how to find the best college for her interests Which of the following statements about dating scripts involving a man and woman is the LEAST accurate? In contemporary times, most people expect that the woman and the man are equally likely to drive to, plan, and pay for the date. Pat lives with his spouse and two children. Pat is responsible for the yard work, taking out the trash, and clearing out the gutters. Which term BEST describes Pat's contributions to the household? intermittent labor Which of the following couples is most likely to have an expensive wedding? Mary, who plans to be a homemaker, and Larry, who works in real estate Which of the following responses to a friend who was just promoted at work best illustrates active constructive responding? "Tell me everything, leave nothing out, and then let's go celebrate." George and Amal are married lawyers who moved to their current city when George was offered a prestigious partnership. Although Amal is also employed full time by the same firm, she's in a lower paying junior level position. Based on the available information, which of the following BEST describes why Amal does more housework than George? relative resources theory Among women pursuing degrees in higher education, more intelligent women showed _____ interest in a potential partner who ______. less; has greater wealth and status Which of the following theories suggests that the person who brings more resources to the relationship gets to use those resources in order to avoid doing household labor? relative resources theory Which of the following assertions is MOST accurate? Traditional dating scripts may benefit women with limited access to money or transportation. Barb is known as the "school slut;" it's rumored that she had sex with the entire swim team. Barb is MOST likely to experience which of the following? psychological distress such as depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem Which of the following is NOT an institutionalized benefit of marriage? better social support from same-gender friends A _____ script is NOT a dating script as described in the text regarding lesbian relationships. proposal Which of the following refers to the completion of household labor while also working outside the home? the second shift Which is the LEAST accurate description of relational aggression? It is frequently used by less popular girls to try to improve their social positions. Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of how child care is divided among heterosexual couples? On non-work days, fathers spend about half of their time on leisure activities. For most heterosexual couples who share a home, which of the following task is a woman more likely than a man to manage? All of the answer options are correct. Based on research on risk for divorce, which of the following newly married pairs is MOST at risk for divorcing? Ilaria, who is 22-years-old, and Isaac who is 24-years-old; both of whom are White Compared to those who aren't married, married individuals tend to All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following is an accurate description of marriage worldwide? Across the world, men tend to be older than women they marry. Which of the following pairs of friends best illustrates co-rumination? LaToya and Keisha, who continuously discuss Keisha's concerns about infertility. During which years did researchers find the most equitable amount of time spent by married women and men on housework? 1998-1999 Which of the following is a benefit of online dating compared to traditional dating? All of the answer options are correct. Who is MOST likely to have positive attitudes about a woman who chooses not to have a child? well-educated women Research suggests that, compared to children raised by lesbian parents, children of heterosexual parents experience more physical forms of discipline by their mothers. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of postpartum depression? hearing voices Mothers who are ___________ are especially likely to be blamed for their children's problems. All of the answer options are correct. Maternal employment has been related to daughters' All of the answer options are correct. Who is MOST at risk for developing depressive symptoms following an adoption process? Mary, who placed her infant for adoption but did not receive any information about her infant's new home Which of the following is the MOST accurate statement about public adoption? Public adoptions can involve unexpected delays and barriers. Given what is known about people who seek to have an abortion in the United States, who is most likely to decide to have an abortion after an unintended pregnancy? Samantha, who is an impoverished single mother Alice co-sleeps with her baby and feeds her baby whenever the baby seems hungry. She carries the baby in a sling, so that they are in constant physical contact, and she frequently plays videos to stimulate her baby's cognitive development. Alice seems to be engaged in attachment parenting. After undergoing ________________ surrogacy, the woman who carried and delivered the baby is most likely to be recognized by a court of law as a legitimate mother with parental rights. traditional Which of the following affects the tendency for many women to feel incompetent as new mothers? All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following women living in the United States would be considered a social mother? All of the answer options are correct. Tanisha delivered her first baby vaginally two months ago. She's exhausted and overwhelmed—she won't let anyone else hold the baby, and she can't sleep at night because she checks that her baby is still breathing every twenty minutes. Which term seems to BEST describe Tanisha's current state? postpartum anxiety Which of the following is the clearest sign that ovulation has just occurred, rendering a woman fertile within the next 24 or so hours? an increase in body temperature Which of the following assertions about in vitro fertilization (IVF) is MOST accurate? Most often, those who undergo IVF become pregnant using their own genetic material. Breastfeeding has been shown in research studies to benefit the physical health of both the mother and the child. Postpartum mood is often affected by hormonal changes after birth, which typically include a decrease in progesterone and estrogen levels. Taceana had a cesarean section. She is feeling overwhelmed and anxious about bonding with her new baby, and they both are awake most of the nights. When her mother in law made recommendations about improving their sleep, Taceana burst into tears. Which term BEST describes Taceana's current state? the baby blues Based on research on pregnancy and body dissatisfaction, which of the following pregnant women is MOST likely to enjoy positive feelings about her body? Kim, who is in her third trimester and whose partner initiates sex multiple times a week Which of the following attitudes is consistent with the motherhood mandate, as described in the text? All of the answer options are correct. In the article, the waiter a & b only In the second article, the author says that all of the following are ways of mom-shaming EXCEPT: Offering to Bring Her Family a Meal How can parents help counteract the harmful effects of the media in promoting acceptance of violence among their children? All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following people would be most vulnerable to experiencing elder abuse? Ethel, an 80-year-old woman who suffers from dementia and is confined to a wheelchair. Acts of aggression motivated by anger or bias due to a person's gender are BEST known as gender-based violence. Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of those who perpetrate intimate partner violence? those who have low self-esteem Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of changes in rates of crime in the United States over the past 30 years? Crimes against women have decreased. Which of the following is a form of domestic violence? All of the answer options are correct. Cultural spillover theory refers to the tendency for those in the military to perceive aggression as more acceptable in civilian life. The group of women at greatest risk for sexual assault are _____ women. Native American How are people affected by viewing sexualized images of girls and women in the media? All of the answer options are correct. When perpetrators of rape are intoxicated, they are blamed ________; when victims of rape are intoxicated, they are blamed ___________. less; more The term "hate crime" refers to All of the answer options are correct. In the article, "Why Didn't You Just Leave?", all of the following stories were included EXCEPT: Nicole committed robbery with her abuser and was afraid he would frame her for the crime if she left In The Rape of Mr. Smith, the author argues b and c only People who accept rape myths also tend to exhibit racism, homophobia, and a belief in a just world. Which of the following women is disempowered by actual or potential gender-based violence? All of the answer options are correct. A primary benefit of a restorative justice approach to healing after intimate partner violence is to provide an alternative to incarceration for perpetrators. Criticisms of programs that purport to help women leave abusive relationships include all of the following EXCEPT Such programs involve a singular focus on shelter rather than a multi-pronged approach including case management, advocacy, health education, and support. Using incarceration to achieve justice in cases of domestic violence tends to involve the punishment of people of color, the poor, and people with mental illnesses. Why are women in college at elevated risk for sexual assault? The college social scene involves risky elements such as heavy substance use. Women are at increased risk for sexual assault if they All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following couples is most at risk for intimate partner violence? Issa and Ty are in their early 20s, they are both employed part time, and they have three children. Spanking children is associated with increases in all of the following EXCEPT cognitive abilities and school achievement. The "invisible war" refers to women's risk for being sexually assaulted by a fellow soldier. Which of the following groups of women has NOT been shown to be at elevated risk for sexual assault? women who have been widowed
After reading passive descriptions of rape (e.g., "She was raped") rather than active descriptions ("He raped her"), ________________ believed that violence against women was more acceptable. both women and men Self-silencing and repressed anger among Latinx girls and women are MOST closely related to marianismo. When an individual wishes to be recognized and treated as a different gender from the one based on their assigned sex at birth, that person may be diagnosed as having ___________, according to the DSM-5. gender dysphoria Which of the following clients would benefit the most from consciousness raising? Mary, who is being sexually harassed by her boss and feels guilty because her boss is married Which of the following women BEST illustrates the concept of self-silencing? Zoe, who avoids telling her spouse how she feels so that he won't be angry Which of the following refers to the unresolved grief that affects an individual or group in successive generations of those who have suffered significant trauma? historical trauma The diagnostic criteria used to define what is and is not abnormal All of the answer options are correct. Early treatments for hysteria in women have included which of the following? All of the answer options are correct. Which is the LEAST accurate statement about gender differences in rumination? Compared to men, women's greater risk for depression is mostly due to differences in rumination. Which term refers to practices that enable people to better recognize the ways in which they are affected by gendered stereotypes about appropriate roles? sex role analysis Which of the following is a barrier to psychotherapy for women in poverty who have depression? All of the answer options are correct. Adverse childhood experiences (ACES) include which of the following? All of the answer options are correct. Women are at greater risk for depression if they serve as caregivers for a parent or spouse. Risk factors for borderline personality disorder include All of the answer options are correct. Why are women are more likely than men to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following combat trauma? Compared to men, women feel less social support within the military and less cohesiveness with their unit. Which of the following people involved in a debate in an abnormal psychology class offers the BEST feminist critique of the concept of mental illness? Mindy, who says, "It's wrong to focus on individual distress and to ignore the structural causes of distress." Which of the following women is MOST likely to be criminalized by police for her unusual behavior? Tonya, who is yelling and shaking her fist in the air Tonya, who is yelling and shaking her fist in the air All of the answer options are correct. Anxiety related to being in public and away from home is known as agoraphobia. Women have a greater risk for being diagnosed with an anxiety disorder compared to men possibly due to which of the following? All of the answer options are correct. According to the assigned article, a and b only The mass release of people diagnosed with mental illness from psychiatric hospitals to the community was known as deinstitutionalization. What is the intended effect of helping clients view personal problems as situated within larger structural systems? to reduce self-blame Elyse is developing a fear of attacks; she unexpectedly has acute episodes of anxiety and is developing patterns of worry about having her next episode. Based on the available information, Elyse would most likely be diagnosed with panic disorder. Which of the following eating disorders is the LEAST common? anorexia nervosa When women like Sandra Bland and Marissa Alexander act to protect themselves from actual or potential threats from aggressive men, they are at risk for arrest because All of the answer options are correct. Which of the following individuals provides the clearest example of borderline personality disorder? Missy, who explodes with rage, demands that her husband leave, then feels abandoned by him Which of the following women living in the United States during the 1970s would be MOST likely to receive a prescription for "mother's little helper"? Vera, a White woman, who is unhappy in her marriage Which of the following associations with feminist therapy is now considered a best practice used by even nonfeminist therapists? All of the answer options are correct. Which message about Black womanhood might promote vulnerability to depression? "Black women are strong." When she began to go through puberty, Ellie experienced unwanted sexual attention from a family member. Ellie began to have nightmares and avoid family gatherings. Based on the available information, Ellie would most likely be diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. After women and men in the military are exposed to combat trauma, women are more likely than men to develop post-traumatic stress. Which of the following people is exhibiting mindfulness? Esther, who thinks to herself, "I didn't do what they wanted. I don't enjoy situations when I let people down," whenever she receives feedback at work. Other sets by this creatorUnit 2 study28 terms brynnwichman 48951 terms brynnwichman Study Questions26 terms brynnwichman Cardiac Anatomy38 terms brynnwichman Verified questions
QUESTION Which of the following phrases accurately describes top-down processing? a. The entry-level data captured by our various sensory systems. b. The effect that our experiences and expectations have on perception. c. Our tendency to scan a visual field from top to bottom. d. Our inclination to follow a predetermined set of steps to process sound. e. The fact that information is processed by the higher regions of the brain before it reaches the lower brain. Verified answer
PSYCHOLOGY Match the term below with its correct definition. neurotransmitter A. system that regulates the body's vital functions B. the outer layer of the brain C. basic building blocks of heredity D. chemicals that transmit messages in the nervous systems E. system that transmits messages between the central nervous system and all other parts of the body F. system of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream G. the junction between an axon terminal and a dendrite H. a scan that observes the brain at work I. resembling an intricate or complex net J. the forebrain with two hemispheres Verified answer QUESTION Which perception process are the hammer, anvil, and stirrup involved in? a. Processing intense colors. b. Processing information related to our sense of balance. c. Supporting a structural frame to hold the eardrum. d. Transmitting sound waves to the cochlea. e. Holding hair cells that enable hearing. Verified answer PSYCHOLOGY Describe how fundamental, psychological, and self-actualization needs differ. Verified answer Other Quizlet setsHIPPA and Privacy Act Training (1.5 hrs)20 terms wilda_vasquez Bio exam 319 terms Msantkuyl Music of the Baroque Period: Part I36 terms ggryans Philosophy Midterm 127 terms juliah201 Related questionsQUESTION when do emotional and social development begin? 11 answers QUESTION if you move your watchband up your wrist an inch or so, you will only feel it for a few moments. This is most relevant to 2 answers QUESTION The study on master chess players showed that master chess players are better than average players in recalling the location of pieces on a chess board because: 15 answers QUESTION What are the 4 types of attatchment? 7 answers Which of the following describes the emphasis of most postformal thought theories quizlet?Which of the following describes the emphasis of most postformal thought theories? Adults' ability to tolerate ambiguity, accept contradictions, and find new problems.
Which of the following is the leading cause of death for individuals during early adulthood quizlet?The leading cause of death during early adulthood is cancer.
Which of the following statements is true about physical development throughout early adulthood quizlet?Which of the following statements is true about physical development throughout early adulthood? It begins at its peak, then tends to begin declining due to inevitable effects of aging. Which of the following risky behaviors has been identified as a key influence on the occurrence of violent deaths in early adulthood?
Which of the following describes how postformal thought differ from formal thought quizlet?Formal-operational thinking is absolute, and involves making decisions based on personal experience and logic. Post-formal thinking is more complex, and involves making decisions based on situational constraints and circumstances, and integrating emotion with logic to form context-dependent principles.
|
Which of the following describes the individual who would be likely to have the highest earning potential quizlet?
zusammenhängende Posts
Urheberrechte © © 2024 IlerngutCOM Inc.
