Which of the following factors best explains the territorial expansion of slavery in the middle of the nineteenth century quizlet?

"The great increase of drunkenness, within the last half century, among the people of the United States, led a number of philanthropic individuals . . . to consult together, upon the duty of making more united, systematic, and extended efforts for the prevention of this evil. Its cause was at once seen to be, the use of intoxicating liquor; and its appropriate remedy, abstinence. It was also known, that the use of such liquor, as a beverage, is not only needless, but injurious to the health, the virtue, and the happiness of men. It was believed, that the facts which had been . . . collected would prove this . . . ; and that if the knowledge of them were universally disseminated it would, with the divine blessing, do much toward changing the habits of the nation. . . . [The American Temperance Society's] object is . . . the exertion of kind moral influence . . . to effect such a change of sentiment and practice, that drunkenness and all its evils will cease."

1) The sentiments described in the excerpt best reflect which of the following developments?
a. The use of public protest to effect social change in the
antebellum period
b. The emergence of reform movements during the Second Great
Awakening
c. he establishment of trade relationships with East Asia
d. The expansion of United States control over territory held by
American Indians

2) Which of the following evidence was used by the American Temperance Society in the excerpt to explain why people would join the temperance movement?
a. The abstention from alcohol would extend American life
expectancy.
b. The development of treatments for alcoholism would change the
habits of men.
c. The formation of a national movement would eliminate the
consumption of alcohol.
d. The use of specific studies would convince people to believe the
movement's goals.

"To the Commanders of armed vessels belonging to the United States:
"WHEREAS it is declared by the act entitled 'An act for the protection of the commerce and seamen of the United States, against the Tripolitan cruisers,' That it shall be lawful fully to equip, officer, man, and employ such of the armed vessels of the United States, as may be judged requisite by the President of the United States, for protecting effectually the commerce and seamen thereof, on the Atlantic ocean, the Mediterranean and adjoining seas: and also, that it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to instruct the commanders of the respective public vessels, to subdue, seize, and make prize, of all vessels, goods, and effects, belonging to the Bey [Sultan] of Tripoli [in North Africa], or to his subjects.
"THEREFORE, And in pursuance of the said statute, you are hereby authorized and directed to subdue, seize, and make prize, of all vessels, goods, and effects, belonging to the Bey of Tripoli, or to his subjects, and to bring or send the same into port, to be proceeded against and distributed according to law.
"By command of the President of the United States of America."

19) President Jefferson sought the protections described in the excerpt most likely for the purpose of
a. establishing trade routes
b. enlarging the size of the navy
c. supporting alliances with European nations
d. creating United States colonies

"It is not only important, but, in a degree necessary, that the people of this country, should have an American Dictionary of the English language; for, although the body of the language is the same as in England, . . . yet some differences must exist. Language is the expression of ideas; and if the people of one country cannot preserve an identity of ideas, they cannot retain an identity of language. . . . But the principal differences between the people of this country and of all others, arise from different forms of government, different laws, institutions and customs. Thus the . . . feudal system of England originated terms which formed . . . a necessary part of the language of that country; but, in the United States, many of these terms are no part of our present language,—and they cannot be, for the things which they express do not exist in this country. . . . The institutions in this country which are new and peculiar, give rise to new terms or to new applications of old terms, unknown to the people of England; which cannot be explained by them and which will not be inserted in their dictionaries, unless copied from ours. . . . No person in this country will be satisfied with the English definitions of the words congress, senate, and assembly, court, [etc.] for although these are words used in England, yet they are applied in this country to express ideas which they do not express in that country."

35) The national identity described in the excerpt most strongly reflects the influence of which of the following?
a. European precedents along with an American national culture
b. The English feudal system in which lords and landowners
dominated vassals and farmers
c. Independence movements and revolutions in Europe and Latin
America
d. Antislavery activism in the United States and Europe

"I do not belong, said Mr. [Calhoun], to the school which holds that aggression is to be met by concession. . . . If we concede an inch, concession would follow concession—compromise would follow compromise, until our ranks would be so broken that effectual resistance would be impossible. . . .
". . . A large portion of the Northern States believed slavery to be a sin, and would believe it to be an obligation of conscience to abolish it if they should feel themselves in any degree responsible for its continuance. . . .
". . . Abolition and the Union cannot coexist. As the friend of the Union, I openly proclaim it—and the sooner it is known the better. The former may now be controlled, but in a short time it will be beyond the power of man to arrest the course of events. We of the South will not, cannot, surrender our institutions. To maintain the existing relations between the two races, inhabiting that section of the Union, is indispensable to the peace and happiness of both. . . . But let me not be understood as admitting, even by implication, that the existing relations between the two races in the slaveholding States is an evil—far otherwise; I hold it to be a good, as it has thus far proved itself to be to both, and will continue to prove so if not disturbed by the fell spirit of abolition."

45) The ideas expressed by John C. Calhoun and others who shared his views on slavery had which of the following effects on emerging abolitionist movements in the years leading up to the Civil War?
a. Many abolitionist groups in the North began to question the
accounts of harsh treatment described by escaped slaves who
made it to freedom.
b. Arguments describing slavery as a "positive good" weakened the
impact of abolitionist efforts to encourage White northerners to
support emancipation.
c. As many people came to see slavery as part of the Southern way
of life, attitudes on both sides of the slavery argument hardened so
that political compromise became difficult.
d. Very few members of Congress accepted Calhoun's "positive
good" argument, and they became more open to passing laws
limiting slaveholding and the internal slave trade.

"Your Memorialist . . . represents to your honorable body, that he has devoted much time and attention to the subject of a railroad from Lake Michigan through the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, and that he finds such a route practicable, the results from which would be incalculable—far beyond the imagination of man to estimate. . . .
"It would enable us, in the short space of eight days (and perhaps less) to concentrate all the forces of our vast country at any point from Maine to Oregon. . . . Such easy and rapid communication with such facilities for exchanging the different products of the different parts would bring all our immensely wide spread population together. . . .
"[W]ith a railroad to the Pacific, and thence to China by steamers, can be performed in thirty days, being now a distance of nearly seventeen thousand miles. . . Then the drills and sheetings of Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts, and other manufactures of the United States, may be transported to China in thirty days; and the teas and rich silks of China, in exchange, come back to New Orleans, to Charleston, to Washington, to Baltimore, to Philadelphia, New York, and to Boston, in thirty days more."

50) The excerpt best reflects which of the following developments?
a. Popular support for the idea of Manifest Destiny
b. The emergence of nativist political parties
c. The collapse of the Second Party System
d. The increase in sectional tensions before the Civil War

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