We thought it was time to take a fresh look at the state of play in web-image formats and which one is best suited to your needs.
This short guide will give you the quick rundown of the various file types and where they work best:
JPG vs PNG vs GIF vs SVG – What is the Difference?
| Format | Category | Palette | Use for |
| JPG | Lossy | Millions of colors | Still Images Photography |
| GIF | Lossless | Maximum 256 colors | Simple animations Graphics with flat colors Graphics without gradients |
| PNG-8 | Lossless | Maximum 256 colors | Similar to GIF Better transparency but no animation Great for icons |
| PNG-24 | Lossless | Unlimited colors | Similar to PNG-8 Handles still images and transparency |
| WebP | Lossless Lossy | Unlimited colors | Intended replacement for JPG, GIF and PNG Handles animations, still images and transparency |
| SVG | Vector Lossless | Unlimited colors | Graphics/logos for web Retina/high-dpi screens |
GIF: The Graphic Interchange Format
256 color palette.
The GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a type of bitmap, but unlike JPEG or PNG, GIF files are limited to a maximum palette of 256 colors. GIF also provide animation support, contributing to its long success as a format for small animations in various social networking platforms.
Essentially each GIF image contains a preset ‘box of crayons’ and there is no way to truly mix those colors to make new colors. While 256 might sound like a lot of crayons to work with, complex photographs typically have many thousands of tones. This color range is lost during the GIF conversion process and this is the key reason not to use GIF for color photos.
GIF is generally a poor choice for images with wide color variation, however the 256 color limit and lossless compression can help keep file sizes small which is ideal for even the slowest of internet speeds. For many years, GIF provided the web’s only transparency option – though PNG and SVG now offer this too.
The pronunciation of GIF has caused many internet debates. It is typically said with either a soft g, as in jiff, or a hard g, like you would say great. The creators of GIF have said that they intended it to use the soft g sound of jiff. Despite this, the the hard g sound is the most commonly used.
Use GIF for:
- Simple animations (e.g. sending small clips on social media platforms)
- Small icons
- Graphics with low pixel-to-pixel variation (e.g. lots of solid color like logos and flags)
JPEG
‘JPEG (or ‘JPG’) is an image file format that stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group, named after the committee that created the standard in 1992.
Unlike GIF, JPEG is a 16-bit format, which means that it can blend red, blue and green light to display millions of color. This makes JPG very ‘photo-friendly’. This is partly why it is a standard format when it comes to most digital cameras on the market.
The JPEG format also allows you the flexibility to choose the how much you compress your image – from 0% (heavy compression) to 100% (no compression). Generally, a 60%-75% compression setting will shrink your file considerably while keeping your image looking decent on most screens.
While JPEG is well suited to compressing and rendering photography, it is a lossy compression type which means it’s less useful for ongoing editing of an image. Exporting a JPEG results in a loss of quality, and these losses get worse with each successive export – like a photocopy of a photocopy. This is why professional photographers generally shoot in lossless RAW format.
Also note that, unlike the GIF and PNG, JPEG can not preserve transparency.
Use JPEG for:
- Still Images
- Photography
- Images with complex colors and dynamic
PNG
A newer file format than GIF and JPEG, the PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is like a marriage between both the GIF and JPEG format thanks to its two variants.
PNG-8
PNG-8 is similar to GIF in many ways and uses the same 256 color palette (maximum). It has better transparency options and usually exports slightly smaller file sizes. However, PNG-8 has no animation function.
PNG-24
PNG-24 allows you to render images with millions of colors – much like JPEG – but also offers the ability to preserve transparency. Because PNG-24 is a lossless format file type, you are likely to get larger files, but if image quality is more important than file size, PNG-24 is your best option. Even so, services like TinyPNG.com can often make a big difference to your file size. Compared to their cousin JPEG, PNG-24 files are not as universally compatible with every app and platform which makes the format marginally less ideal for web sharing. However, it is capable of being edited without diminished qualities.
Use PNG for:
- Web graphics that require transparency
- Color heavy and complex photographs and graphics
- Images that require re-editing and re-exporting
WebP
WebP (Web Picture Format) was developed by Google as a replacement for the GIF, JPEG, and PNG formats. Offering lossy and lossless compression as well as animation support, it claims to be a jack of all trades in the image file format game. The format boasts smaller file sizes compared to its predecessors. As of July 2022, WebP is supported by browsers that represent 97% of global users.
Improved compression and smaller file sizes come with a trade-off. It is often criticised that the visual quality loss is higher in WebP than other formats after being compressed.
Use WebP for:
- Any web graphics needs, especially situations where network speed and file size are important
SVG
Unlike the formats mentioned above, SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) is not a pure bitmap format. Instead it is a vector format – a close cousin to Adobe Illustrator’s AI format and EPS – that is steadily becoming an attractive option for web and UI designers.
Sometimes it’s helpful to think of SVG as ‘HTML for illustrations’ and you need to think about it quite differently to other image formats we’ve listed.
SVG is best-suited to displaying logos, icons, maps, flags, charts, and other graphics created in vector graphics applications like Illustrator, Sketch, and Inkscape. Written in an XML-based markup, your SVG can be edited in any text editor and modified by JavaScript or CSS. As vectors can be scaled to any size while retaining crisp image quality, they are ideal for responsive design.
Though SVG is a vector format at its core, it is possible (even common) to embed bitmap graphics inside your SVG file – just as you might embed JPEGs in your HTML.
You can do this by either linking to an image source via its URL (as you might link to JPG in a webpage) or by encapsulating the pixel image as a Data URI. This gives SVG unchallenged flexibility and power.
Though SVG can help keep your images looking beautiful on the web, it isn’t necessarily a format that the everyday person can utilize to save and upload images via their website or social media platforms.
Online services like WordPress, Medium, and Facebook will either forcibly convert your SVG to a format they like, or – more likely – outright block your SVG upload. There are a handful of SVG hosting options including imgh.us and Github, as Alex demonstrated here.
Use SVG for:
- Logos and icon with strong, geometric, vector-friendly design
- Graphics that may need to be displayed in multiple sizes and screens
- Graphics that respond to their device
- Graphics that need to be edited, updated and redeployed.
Compare and Contrast
Now that we have covered the differences between popular file formats it is time to see them side by side. Below you will see how GIF, JPEG, PNG and SVG formats handle images with both simple and complex colors along with photographic images.
Flat Color Graphics
The first type of image we’re going to look at are flat color graphics. This covers most logos and branding, icons, simple maps, charts, and diagrams. The original image is a 23.4 KB PNG image with a 1280 x 1280 dimension.
Below you will be able to see the difference in compression size as well as image quality. Note the images were saved using Photoshop’s “Save for Web and Devices” option at the highest quality settings.
GIF: 17.6 KB
JPEG 100% (no compression): 53.3 KB
JPEG 75%: 33 KB
PNG-8: 11.8 KB
PNG-24: 19.6 KB
SVG: 6 KB (as a pure vector graphic)
In the case of this particular image, there isn’t much loss in quality when you compare the six formats – though you’ll notice slight artifacts near edges inside the compressed JPEG. This isn’t always true with flat color graphics, but in most cases, you should be fine with going with the least byte-heavy image. For this image, assuming we have the original vector file, SVG is the obvious choice at 6kb. If we don’t have the vector, the PNG-8 option is a decent fallback with our original image dropping from 23.4 KB to 11.8 KB.
Complex Color Images
The original image is a 328 KB JPEG image with a 1280 x 960 dimension. Below you will be able to see the difference in compression size as well as image quality. Note the images were saved using Photoshop’s “Save for Web and Devices” option at the highest quality settings.
As we don’t have access to a vector version of this file, any SVG version of this image would just be a JPEG embedded inside an SVG. This makes it a little redundant, so I won’t offer an SVG example here.
GIF: 426kb
JPEG 100% (no compression): 776 KB
JPEG 75%: 215 KB
PNG-8: 327 KB
PNG-24: 1.7 MB
Images that have complex colors tend to look better when using a JPEG, PNG-24 or SVG format. Colors are for the most part preserved and don’t have ugly banding and noise that you are likely to get with GIF and PNG-8 formats.
Color Photography
The original image is a 215 KB JPEG image with a 1280 x 701 dimension. Below you will be able to see the difference in compression size as well as image quality. Note the images were saved using Photoshop’s “Save for Web and Devices” option at the highest quality settings.
Again, there’s little to be gained with an SVG offering here.
GIF: 453 KB
JPEG 100% (No compression): 410 KB
JPEG 75% : 410 KB
PNG-8: 395 KB
PNG-24: 1.03 MB
As with complex images, your photographs are best to be saved under a JPEG, PNG-24 or SVG format. In the photo above, the color remains preserved in all formats aside from banding and noise that stand out in the shadows of the hair, skin, and background as well as at the top of photo as seen in the GIF and PNG-8 outputs.