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". . . [In] the late 1960s,
conservative Protestants succeeded not only in making alliances with Republican politicians, but in changing the agenda of the party. . . . [This] time, they focused more on the culture wars than the Cold War. Conservative Protestants who mobilized against feminism, abortion, pornography, and gay rights acquired control of the Republican Party, partly because of their long-standing alliances with Republican politicians, but perhaps more important because of the united front they presented, and
because of demographic and political shifts that favored evangelicals. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, the Christian Right was the most powerful group in the GOP."
-Source: Daniel K. Williams, historian, God's Own Party: The Making of the Christian Right, 2012 Which of the following most directly led to the changes described in the excerpt?
"The middle-class white family structure of the 1950s consisted of cookie-cutter houses, cars, and
fashion. . . . [T]he mass media proved it could point people into certain sartorial and class codes of the suburbanite. Americans were expected to dress a certain way, and the avalanche of commercial imagery that accompanied the postwar boom — magazines; advertisements; and the new "Information Bomb," television — supplied constant reminders. Doris Day, Father Knows Best, Betty Furness, Ronald Reagan for General Electric — these were the voices and imagistic role models of
suburbanization."
-Source: J. Kole Kleeman, historian, "Commodification and the Counterculture," We Are What We Sell: How Advertising Shapes American Life. . . And Always Has, 2014
The developments described in the excerpt best illustrate which of the following?
"The struggle against the totalitarian forces of Stalinism is not merely of a military character. It is political and ideological in nature as well. We stand opposed to the doctrines which
enslave men, reduce men to mere automatons. We believe in the inherent dignity and worth of man, that man is an end in himself, that only in a genuinely free society can man attain his true nature. We believe that given equality of opportunity, each individual, irrespective of color, religion, national origin, or race, can realize his true self."
-Source: President Dwight D. Eisenhower, State of the Union Address, 1953
Which of the following United States actions most directly resulted
from the sentiments expressed in the excerpt?
"As soon as they announced an embargo, one of President Nixon's top advisers dubbed it 'an Energy Pearl Harbor.' There were no bombs, no bloodshed, no loss of life. But the embargo stunned Americans, as if they had come under a surprise attack, if not an outright act of war, because of the serious implications for the economy and the country's security. By 1973, Americans relied on oil for almost half of all their
energy needs, and each day imports made up an expanding portion of the country's supply. . . . Oil was both the lifeline of the economy and vital resource for the country's national defense. American oil had played a decisive role in the Allies' World War II victory, and with the Cold War raging on, U.S. oil remained a top national security concern."
-Source: Meg Jacobs, historian, Panic at the Pump: The Energy Crisis and the Transformation of American Politics in the 1970s, 2016
Which of
the following US actions most directly contributed to the developments described in the excerpt?
"If the police do not protect homosexuals as they have not protected us in the past, then I can see in the near future a separate police force paid for and operated by the homophile community. Unless restrictive laws are changed, unless the courts uphold the rights of homosexuals, we shall have no alternative but to go to the Supreme Court and overturn these laws
that state all men are treated equally in our courts except for homosexuals. If politicians do not openly address themselves to homosexuals, it will be because they do not need our 90,000 votes in San Francisco. We shall put in office public servants who will talk to homosexuals.
"We ask no special favor. We want only ordinary rights like every other citizen of these United States— jobs, homes, friends, social lives, safety and security.
"Here is our challenge to San Francisco: FACE
REALITY—FACE HOMOSEXUALITY."
-William Beardemphl, "A Challenge to San Francisco," The Ladder, 1966
Arguments similar to those expressed in the excerpt were later employed to justify which of the following?
"The head pin was China. It is down already. The two pins in the second row are Burma and Indochina. If they go, the three pins in the next row, Siam, Malaya, and Indonesia, are pretty sure to topple in their turn. And if all the rest of Asia goes,
the resulting psychological, political, and economic magnetism will almost certainly drag down the four pins of the fourth row, India, Pakistan, Japan, and the Philippines."
-Source: Stewart Alsop, "We Are Losing Asia Fast," Saturday Evening Post, 1950
The ideas about Asia expressed in the excerpt are most consistent with which of the following?
Excerpt 1:
"It would be an unspeakable tragedy if these countries, which have struggled so long against
overwhelming odds, should lose that victory for which they sacrificed so much. Collapse of free institutions and loss of independence would be disastrous not only for them but for the world. . . . "In addition to funds, I ask the Congress to authorize the detail of American civilian and military personnel to Greece and Turkey, at the request of those countries, to assist in the tasks of reconstruction, and for the purpose of supervising the use of such financial and material assistance as may be
furnished."
-Source: Harry Truman, Special Message to the Congress on Greece and Turkey, 1947
Excerpt 2:
"As we meet here today, we stand on the threshold of a new era of peace in the world. . . . This past year saw far-reaching results from our new policies for peace. By continuing to revitalize our traditional friendships, and by our missions to Peking and to Moscow, we were able to establish the base for a new and more durable pattern of relationships among the nations of the world.
. . . Let us continue to bring down the walls of hostility which have divided the world for too long, and to build in their place bridges of understanding — so that despite profound differences between systems of government, the people of the world can be friends. Let us build a structure of peace in the world."
-Source: Richard Nixon, Second Inaugural Address, 1973
Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between the two excerpts?
"In
the 1950's this America worried about itself, yet even its anxieties were products of abundance. . . Now the American city has been transformed. The poor still inhabit the miserable housing in the central areas, but are increasingly isolated from contact with, or sight of, anybody else. . . . [T]he poor are politically invisible. It is one of the cruelest ironies of social life in advanced countries that the dispossessed at the bottom of society are unable to speak for themselves. The people of
the other America do not, by far and large, belong to unions, to fraternal organizations, or to political parties. They are without lobbies of their own; they put forward no legislative program. As a group, they are atomized. They have no face; they have no voice . . ."
-Source: Michael Harrington, The Other America: Poverty in the United States, 1962
A historian would most likely use this passage to illustrate which of the following?
"The middle-class
white family structure of the 1950s consisted of cookie-cutter houses, cars, and fashion. . . . [T]he mass media proved it could point people into certain sartorial and class codes of the suburbanite. Americans were expected to dress a certain way, and the avalanche of commercial imagery that accompanied the postwar boom — magazines; advertisements; and the new "Information Bomb," television — supplied constant reminders. Doris Day, Father Knows Best, Betty Furness, Ronald Reagan for General
Electric — these were the voices and imagistic role models of suburbanization."
-Source: J. Kole Kleeman, historian, "Commodification and the Counterculture," We Are What We Sell: How Advertising Shapes American Life. . . And Always Has, 2014
According to the passage, which of the following best explains the most important effect that mass media had on society?
"Truman's commitment to civil rights, and perhaps most significantly his desegregation of the
armed forces, brought him important political benefits. For one thing, most African Americans who voted supported Truman in 1948. Perhaps most significantly, Truman's desegregation of the armed forces helped offset negative perceptions of the Democratic Party caused by Southern segregationists in Congress and elsewhere, and it helped prevent the Republican Party from regaining its pre-New Deal level of support among African Americans."
-Source: Tom Lansford and Richard M. Yon, historians,
"Political Pragmatism and Civil Rights Policy," The Civil Rights Legacy of Harry S. Truman, 2007
According to the passage, which of the following best explains the most important effect that desegregation of the military had on the United States?
"If the police do not protect homosexuals as they have not protected us in the past, then I can see in the near future a separate police force paid for and operated by the homophile community. Unless restrictive
laws are changed, unless the courts uphold the rights of homosexuals, we shall have no alternative but to go to the Supreme Court and overturn these laws that state all men are treated equally in our courts except for homosexuals. If politicians do not openly address themselves to homosexuals, it will be because they do not need our 90,000 votes in San Francisco. We shall put in office public servants who will talk to homosexuals.
"We ask no special favor. We want only ordinary rights like
every other citizen of these United States— jobs, homes, friends, social lives, safety and security.
"Here is our challenge to San Francisco: FACE REALITY—FACE HOMOSEXUALITY."
-William Beardemphl, "A Challenge to San Francisco," The Ladder, 1966
This excerpt is best understood in the context of which of the following?
"The struggle against the totalitarian forces of Stalinism is not merely of a military character. It is political and ideological in
nature as well. We stand opposed to the doctrines which enslave men, reduce men to mere automatons. We believe in the inherent dignity and worth of man, that man is an end in himself, that only in a genuinely free society can man attain his true nature. We believe that given equality of opportunity, each individual, irrespective of color, religion, national origin, or race, can realize his true self."
-Source: President Dwight D. Eisenhower, State of the Union Address, 1953
Which of the
following issues of the period was Eisenhower most likely concerned with in this excerpt?
". . . [In] the late 1960s, conservative Protestants succeeded not only in making alliances with Republican politicians, but in changing the agenda of the party. . . . [This] time, they focused more on the culture wars than the Cold War. Conservative Protestants who mobilized against feminism, abortion, pornography, and gay rights acquired control of the Republican
Party, partly because of their long-standing alliances with Republican politicians, but perhaps more important because of the united front they presented, and because of demographic and political shifts that favored evangelicals. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, the Christian Right was the most powerful group in the GOP."
-Source: Daniel K. Williams, historian, God's Own Party: The Making of the Christian Right, 2012
The developments described in the excerpt best illustrate
which of the following?
"As soon as they announced an embargo, one of President Nixon's top advisers dubbed it 'an Energy Pearl Harbor.' There were no bombs, no bloodshed, no loss of life. But the embargo stunned Americans, as if they had come under a surprise attack, if not an outright act of war, because of the serious implications for the economy and the country's security. By 1973, Americans relied on oil for almost half of all their energy needs, and
each day imports made up an expanding portion of the country's supply. . . . Oil was both the lifeline of the economy and vital resource for the country's national defense. American oil had played a decisive role in the Allies' World War II victory, and with the Cold War raging on, U.S. oil remained a top national security concern."
-Source: Meg Jacobs, historian, Panic at the Pump: The Energy Crisis and the Transformation of American Politics in the 1970s, 2016
Which of the following was
a consequence of the 1973 oil embargo referenced in this excerpt?
"The Pill! The fact that it is referred to so majestically represents something of the measure of importance that is generally attached to this genuinely revolutionary development. For it is a revolutionary development, probably to be ranked among the half dozen or so major innovations in man's two or more million years of history. In its effects I believe that the pill ranks in importance with
the discovery of fire, the creation and employment of tools, the development of hunting, the invention of agriculture, the development of urbanism, scientific medicine, and the release and control of nuclear energy."
-Source: Ashley Montagu, philosopher, Sex, Man and Society, 1969
The excerpt provided is best understood in the context of which of the following?
"The disaster was, in fact, no greater than several oil tanker spills the world had suffered
but, with the scenic beauty of the Californian coast as a backdrop, it still made for great television. Birds covered with sticky oil struggled for life; dead seals floated ashore; enraged Santa Barbara housewives cried for the cameras. The oil spill's cost to the environment was immense, but in a sense the tragedy served a purpose, for as the oil spread, so did national outrage."
-Source: J. Brooks Flippen, historian, Nixon and the Environment, 2000
The rise of what the excerpt describes
as "national outrage" most directly contributed to which of the following characteristics of United States politics during the period?
"The head pin was China. It is down already. The two pins in the second row are Burma and Indochina. If they go, the three pins in the next row, Siam, Malaya, and Indonesia, are pretty sure to topple in their turn. And if all the rest of Asia goes, the resulting psychological, political, and economic magnetism will almost
certainly drag down the four pins of the fourth row, India, Pakistan, Japan, and the Philippines."
-Source: Stewart Alsop, "We Are Losing Asia Fast," Saturday Evening Post, 1950
The excerpt is best understood as a response to which of the following historical developments?
"In the 1950's this America worried about itself, yet even its anxieties were products of abundance. . . Now the American city has been transformed. The poor still inhabit the
miserable housing in the central areas, but are increasingly isolated from contact with, or sight of, anybody else. . . . [T]he poor are politically invisible. It is one of the cruelest ironies of social life in advanced countries that the dispossessed at the bottom of society are unable to speak for themselves. The people of the other America do not, by far and large, belong to unions, to fraternal organizations, or to political parties. They are without lobbies of their own; they put forward
no legislative program. As a group, they are atomized. They have no face; they have no voice . . ."
-Source: Michael Harrington, The Other America: Poverty in the United States, 1962
The author's account in the excerpt above most directly encouraged which of the following changes in subsequent years?
"The struggle against the totalitarian forces of Stalinism is not merely of a military character. It is political and ideological in nature as well. We
stand opposed to the doctrines which enslave men, reduce men to mere automatons. We believe in the inherent dignity and worth of man, that man is an end in himself, that only in a genuinely free society can man attain his true nature. We believe that given equality of opportunity, each individual, irrespective of color, religion, national origin, or race, can realize his true self."
-Source: President Dwight D. Eisenhower, State of the Union Address, 1953
Eisenhower's remarks in the
excerpt most directly reflect which of the following developments during the mid-twentieth century?
"As soon as they announced an embargo, one of President Nixon's top advisers dubbed it 'an Energy Pearl Harbor.' There were no bombs, no bloodshed, no loss of life. But the embargo stunned Americans, as if they had come under a surprise attack, if not an outright act of war, because of the serious implications for the economy and the country's security. By
1973, Americans relied on oil for almost half of all their energy needs, and each day imports made up an expanding portion of the country's supply. . . . Oil was both the lifeline of the economy and vital resource for the country's national defense. American oil had played a decisive role in the Allies' World War II victory, and with the Cold War raging on, U.S. oil remained a top national security concern."
-Source: Meg Jacobs, historian, Panic at the Pump: The Energy Crisis and the
Transformation of American Politics in the 1970s, 2016
The conditions described in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the following?
"If the police do not protect homosexuals as they have not protected us in the past, then I can see in the near future a separate police force paid for and operated by the homophile community. Unless restrictive laws are changed, unless the courts uphold the rights of homosexuals, we shall have no alternative
but to go to the Supreme Court and overturn these laws that state all men are treated equally in our courts except for homosexuals. If politicians do not openly address themselves to homosexuals, it will be because they do not need our 90,000 votes in San Francisco. We shall put in office public servants who will talk to homosexuals.
"We ask no special favor. We want only ordinary rights like every other citizen of these United States— jobs, homes, friends, social lives, safety and
security.
"Here is our challenge to San Francisco: FACE REALITY—FACE HOMOSEXUALITY."
-William Beardemphl, "A Challenge to San Francisco," The Ladder, 1966
The ideas of the Gay and Lesbian Rights Movement, as expressed in the excerpt, had most in common with the ideas of which of the following groups?
". . . [In] the late 1960s, conservative Protestants succeeded not only in making alliances with Republican politicians, but in changing the agenda of
the party. . . . [This] time, they focused more on the culture wars than the Cold War. Conservative Protestants who mobilized against feminism, abortion, pornography, and gay rights acquired control of the Republican Party, partly because of their long-standing alliances with Republican politicians, but perhaps more important because of the united front they presented, and because of demographic and political shifts that favored evangelicals. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, the
Christian Right was the most powerful group in the GOP."
-Daniel K. Williams, historian, God's Own Party: The Making of the Christian Right, 2012
One major change in United States politics from 1960 to 1980 was the:
"The Pill! The fact that it is referred to so majestically represents something of the measure of importance that is generally attached to this genuinely revolutionary development. For it is a revolutionary development, probably to be ranked
among the half dozen or so major innovations in man's two or more million years of history. In its effects I believe that the pill ranks in importance with the discovery of fire, the creation and employment of tools, the development of hunting, the invention of agriculture, the development of urbanism, scientific medicine, and the release and control of nuclear energy."
-Source: Ashley Montagu, philosopher, Sex, Man and Society, 1969
A historian would most likely use this passage to
illustrate which of the following?
"The Pill! The fact that it is referred to so majestically represents something of the measure of importance that is generally attached to this genuinely revolutionary development. For it is a revolutionary development, probably to be ranked among the half dozen or so major innovations in man's two or more million years of history. In its effects I believe that the pill ranks in importance with the discovery of fire, the
creation and employment of tools, the development of hunting, the invention of agriculture, the development of urbanism, scientific medicine, and the release and control of nuclear energy."
-Source: Ashley Montagu, philosopher, Sex, Man and Society, 1969
The excerpt most directly reflects which of the following trends of the 1960s?
"The critique of mass consumption, of course, went beyond the biting commentary and far-ranging analyses of intellectuals.
The Beats in the 1950s, the hippies in the 1960s, the 'Small Is Beautiful' and environmentally sensitive Greens of the 1970s, and some strands of the religious right of the 1980s all developed identities based on a rejection of a mainstream culture built around mass consumption. Cultural rebels shared intellectuals' obsession with mass consumption, . . . confirming just how much mass consumption stood at the core of how Americans regarded their society in the second half of the twentieth
century."
-Source: Lizabeth Cohen, historian, A Consumers' Republic: The Politics of Mass Consumption in Postwar America, 2004
According to the passage, which of the following best explains one long-term effect that mass consumption had on society?
"The disaster was, in fact, no greater than several oil tanker spills the world had suffered but, with the scenic beauty of the Californian coast as a backdrop, it still made for great television. Birds
covered with sticky oil struggled for life; dead seals floated ashore; enraged Santa Barbara housewives cried for the cameras. The oil spill's cost to the environment was immense, but in a sense the tragedy served a purpose, for as the oil spread, so did national outrage."
-Source: J. Brooks Flippen, historian, Nixon and the Environment, 2000
The trends described in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the following?
"The head pin was
China. It is down already. The two pins in the second row are Burma and Indochina. If they go, the three pins in the next row, Siam, Malaya, and Indonesia, are pretty sure to topple in their turn. And if all the rest of Asia goes, the resulting psychological, political, and economic magnetism will almost certainly drag down the four pins of the fourth row, India, Pakistan, Japan, and the Philippines."
-Source: Stewart Alsop, "We Are Losing Asia Fast," Saturday Evening Post, 1950
The ideas
in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the following?
"The middle-class white family structure of the 1950s consisted of cookie-cutter houses, cars, and fashion. . . . [T]he mass media proved it could point people into certain sartorial and class codes of the suburbanite. Americans were expected to dress a certain way, and the avalanche of commercial imagery that accompanied the postwar boom — magazines; advertisements; and the new "Information
Bomb," television — supplied constant reminders. Doris Day, Father Knows Best, Betty Furness, Ronald Reagan for General Electric — these were the voices and imagistic role models of suburbanization."
-Source: J. Kole Kleeman, historian, "Commodification and the Counterculture," We Are What We Sell: How Advertising Shapes American Life. . . And Always Has, 2014
Which of the following cultural and social shifts resulted most directly from the trends described in the excerpt?
"The disaster was, in fact, no greater than several oil tanker spills the world had suffered but, with the scenic beauty of the Californian coast as a backdrop, it still made for great television. Birds covered with sticky oil struggled for life; dead seals floated ashore; enraged Santa Barbara housewives cried for the cameras. The oil spill's cost to the environment was immense, but in a sense the tragedy served a purpose, for as the oil spread, so did national
outrage."
-Source: J. Brooks Flippen, historian, Nixon and the Environment, 2000
Which of the following most directly led to the changes described in the excerpt?
"In the 1950's this America worried about itself, yet even its anxieties were products of abundance. . . Now the American city has been transformed. The poor still inhabit the miserable housing in the central areas, but are increasingly isolated from contact with, or sight of, anybody else. .
. . [T]he poor are politically invisible. It is one of the cruelest ironies of social life in advanced countries that the dispossessed at the bottom of society are unable to speak for themselves. The people of the other America do not, by far and large, belong to unions, to fraternal organizations, or to political parties. They are without lobbies of their own; they put forward no legislative program. As a group, they are atomized. They have no face; they have no voice . . ."
-Source: Michael
Harrington, The Other America: Poverty in the United States, 1962
The sentiments expressed in the excerpt prompted Congress to take which of the following actions?
Excerpt 1:
"It would be an unspeakable tragedy if these countries, which have struggled so long against overwhelming odds, should lose that victory for which they sacrificed so much. Collapse of free institutions and loss of independence would be disastrous not only for them but for the
world. . . . "In addition to funds, I ask the Congress to authorize the detail of American civilian and military personnel to Greece and Turkey, at the request of those countries, to assist in the tasks of reconstruction, and for the purpose of supervising the use of such financial and material assistance as may be furnished."
-Source: Harry Truman, Special Message to the Congress on Greece and Turkey, 1947
Excerpt 2:
"As we meet here today, we stand on the threshold of a new era of
peace in the world. . . . This past year saw far-reaching results from our new policies for peace. By continuing to revitalize our traditional friendships, and by our missions to Peking and to Moscow, we were able to establish the base for a new and more durable pattern of relationships among the nations of the world. . . . Let us continue to bring down the walls of hostility which have divided the world for too long, and to build in their place bridges of understanding — so that despite
profound differences between systems of government, the people of the world can be friends. Let us build a structure of peace in the world."
-Source: Richard Nixon, Second Inaugural Address, 1973
A historian would most likely use these passages to illustrate which of the following?
"The Pill! The fact that it is referred to so majestically represents something of the measure of importance that is generally attached to this genuinely revolutionary
development. For it is a revolutionary development, probably to be ranked among the half dozen or so major innovations in man's two or more million years of history. In its effects I believe that the pill ranks in importance with the discovery of fire, the creation and employment of tools, the development of hunting, the invention of agriculture, the development of urbanism, scientific medicine, and the release and control of nuclear energy."
-Source: Ashley Montagu, philosopher, Sex, Man and
Society, 1969
A historian would most likely use this passage to illustrate which of the following?
"The Pill! The fact that it is referred to so majestically represents something of the measure of importance that is generally attached to this genuinely revolutionary development. For it is a revolutionary development, probably to be ranked among the half dozen or so major innovations in man's two or more million years of history. In its effects I believe
that the pill ranks in importance with the discovery of fire, the creation and employment of tools, the development of hunting, the invention of agriculture, the development of urbanism, scientific medicine, and the release and control of nuclear energy."
-Source: Ashley Montagu, philosopher, Sex, Man and Society, 1969
The excerpt most directly reflects which of the following trends of the 1960s?
"The critique of mass consumption, of course, went beyond
the biting commentary and far-ranging analyses of intellectuals. The Beats in the 1950s, the hippies in the 1960s, the 'Small Is Beautiful' and environmentally sensitive Greens of the 1970s, and some strands of the religious right of the 1980s all developed identities based on a rejection of a mainstream culture built around mass consumption. Cultural rebels shared intellectuals' obsession with mass consumption, . . . confirming just how much mass consumption stood at the core of how Americans
regarded their society in the second half of the twentieth century."
-Source: Lizabeth Cohen, historian, A Consumers' Republic: The Politics of Mass Consumption in Postwar America, 2004
According to the passage, which of the following best explains one long-term effect that mass consumption had on society?
"The disaster was, in fact, no greater than several oil tanker spills the world had suffered but, with the scenic beauty of the Californian coast as
a backdrop, it still made for great television. Birds covered with sticky oil struggled for life; dead seals floated ashore; enraged Santa Barbara housewives cried for the cameras. The oil spill's cost to the environment was immense, but in a sense the tragedy served a purpose, for as the oil spread, so did national outrage."
-Source: J. Brooks Flippen, historian, Nixon and the Environment, 2000
The trends described in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the
following?
"The middle-class white family structure of the 1950s consisted of cookie-cutter houses, cars, and fashion. . . . [T]he mass media proved it could point people into certain sartorial and class codes of the suburbanite. Americans were expected to dress a certain way, and the avalanche of commercial imagery that accompanied the postwar boom — magazines; advertisements; and the new "Information Bomb," television — supplied constant reminders. Doris
Day, Father Knows Best, Betty Furness, Ronald Reagan for General Electric — these were the voices and imagistic role models of suburbanization."
-Source: J. Kole Kleeman, historian, "Commodification and the Counterculture," We Are What We Sell: How Advertising Shapes American Life. . . And Always Has, 2014
Which of the following cultural and social shifts resulted most directly from the trends described in the excerpt?
"In the 1950's this America
worried about itself, yet even its anxieties were products of abundance. . . Now the American city has been transformed. The poor still inhabit the miserable housing in the central areas, but are increasingly isolated from contact with, or sight of, anybody else. . . . [T]he poor are politically invisible. It is one of the cruelest ironies of social life in advanced countries that the dispossessed at the bottom of society are unable to speak for themselves. The people of the other America do
not, by far and large, belong to unions, to fraternal organizations, or to political parties. They are without lobbies of their own; they put forward no legislative program. As a group, they are atomized. They have no face; they have no voice . . ."
-Source: Michael Harrington, The Other America: Poverty in the United States, 1962
The sentiments expressed in the excerpt prompted Congress to take which of the following actions?
". . . [In] the late
1960s, conservative Protestants succeeded not only in making alliances with Republican politicians, but in changing the agenda of the party. . . . [This] time, they focused more on the culture wars than the Cold War. Conservative Protestants who mobilized against feminism, abortion, pornography, and gay rights acquired control of the Republican Party, partly because of their long-standing alliances with Republican politicians, but perhaps more important because of the united front they
presented, and because of demographic and political shifts that favored evangelicals. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, the Christian Right was the most powerful group in the GOP."
-Daniel K. Williams, historian, God's Own Party: The Making of the Christian Right, 2012
One major change in United States politics from 1960 to 1980 was the:
"The middle-class white family structure of the 1950s consisted of cookie-cutter houses, cars, and
fashion. . . . [T]he mass media proved it could point people into certain sartorial and class codes of the suburbanite. Americans were expected to dress a certain way, and the avalanche of commercial imagery that accompanied the postwar boom — magazines; advertisements; and the new "Information Bomb," television — supplied constant reminders. Doris Day, Father Knows Best, Betty Furness, Ronald Reagan for General Electric — these were the voices and imagistic role models of
suburbanization."
-Source: J. Kole Kleeman, historian, "Commodification and the Counterculture," We Are What We Sell: How Advertising Shapes American Life. . . And Always Has, 2014
The developments described in the excerpt best illustrate which of the following?