1 Show Which of the following statements is (are) true with respect to the differences between the male and female bony pelvis?
A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 2 The intertrochanteric crest is located on the A proximal posterior femur. B proximal anterior femur. C distal posterior femur. D distal anterior femur. A proximal posterior femur. 3 Which of the following anatomic structures is indicated by the number 1 in Figure 2–24? Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology. A Body of L3 B Body of L4 C Spinous process D Transverse process 4 The innominate bone is located in the A middle cranial fossa. B posterior cranial fossa. C foot. D pelvis. 5 The short, thick processes that project posteriorly from the vertebral body are the A transverse processes. B vertebral arches. C laminae. D pedicles. 6 AP erect left and right bending images of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, to include 1 inch of the iliac crest, are performed to demonstrate A spondylolisthesis. B subluxation. C scoliosis. D arthritis. <ul> <li>C scoliosis.</li> </ul> <br> 7 Which of the following may be used as landmark(s) for an AP projection of the hip?
A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 8 Which of the following positions would demonstrate the right lumbar apophyseal articulations closest to the IR? A LAO B RAO C LPO D RPO 9 Which of the following is (are) demonstrated in the lateral projection of the thoracic spine?
A 1 only B 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3
10 The RPO position of the cervical spine requires which of the following combinations of tube angle and direction? A 15 to 20 degrees caudad B 15 to 20 degrees cephalad C 25 to 30 degrees caudad D 25 to 30 degrees cephalad B 15 to 20 degrees cephalad 11 Which of the following positions would best demonstrate the lumbar intervertebral joints and foramina? A LPO B RPO C Lateral D PA 12 Which of the following is (are) well demonstrated in the oblique position of the cervical vertebrae?
A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 13 Which of the following will best demonstrate the lumbosacral junction in the AP position? A CR perpendicular to L3 B CR perpendicular to L5–S1 C CR caudad 30–35 degrees D CR cephalad 30–35 degrees D CR cephalad 30–35 degrees 14 An accurately positioned oblique projection of the first through fourth lumbar vertebrae will demonstrate the classic “Scotty dog.” What bony structure does the Scotty dog's neck represent? A Superior articular process B Pedicle C Transverse process D Pars interarticularis 15 The femoral neck can be located A parallel to the femoral shaft. B perpendicular to the femoral shaft. C perpendicular to a line drawn from the ASIS to the pubic symphysis. D perpendicular to a line from the iliac crest to the pubic symphysis. C perpendicular to a line drawn from the ASIS to the pubic symphysis. 16 Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding the lateral projection of the lumbar spine?
A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 17 What is the anatomic structure indicated by number 3 in the radiograph in Figure 6–21? Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology. A Superior articular process B Inferior articular process C Pedicle D Lamina 18 What is the anatomic structure indicated by number 1 in the radiograph shown in Figure 6–21? Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology. A Superior articular process B Inferior articular process C Transverse process D Lamina A Superior articular process 19 With the patient supine, the left side of the pelvis elevated 25 degrees, and the CR entering 1 in. medial to the left anterosuperior iliac spine (ASIS), which of the following is demonstrated? A Left sacroiliac joint B Left ilium C Right sacroiliac joint D Right ilium 20 Which of the following is (are) demonstrated in the lateral projection of the cervical spine?
A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 21 Which of the following is a functional study used to demonstrate the degree of AP motion present in the cervical spine? A Moving mandible position B AP open-mouth projection C Flexion and extension laterals D AP right and left bending C Flexion and extension laterals 22 What is the anatomic structure indicated by the number 3 in the radiograph in Figure 6–12? Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology. A Spinous process B Transverse process C Pedicle D Intervertebral foramen 23 The radiograph in Figure 6–12 could be improved in which of the following ways? Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology. A The MSP should be 45 degrees to the plane of the IR. B The MSP should be 90 degrees to the plane of the cassette. C The chin should be elevated slightly. D The head should be flexed slightly. C The chin should be elevated slightly. 24 The relationship between the ends of fractured long bones is referred to as A angulation B apposition C luxation D sprain 25 Which of the following is demonstrated in a 25-degree RPO position with the CR entering 1 inch medial to the elevated ASIS? A Left sacroiliac joint B Right sacroiliac joint C Left ilium D Right ilium 26 The number 2 in Figure 2–40 represents which of the following structures? A Body B Pedicle C Inferior articular process D Superior articular process C Inferior articular process 27 The innominate bone is located in the A middle cranial fossa B posterior cranial fossa C foot D pelvis. 28 Which of the following structures is located at the level of the interspace between the second and third thoracic vertebrae? A Manubrium B Jugular notch C Sternal angle D Xiphoid process 29 Which of the following positions will best demonstrate the right apophyseal articulations of the lumbar vertebrae? A PA B Left lateral C RPO D LPO 30 Which of the following is (are) demonstrated in a lateral projection of the cervical spine?
A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 31 Which of the following is a functional study used to demonstrate the degree of AP motion present in the cervical spine? A Open-mouth projection B Moving-mandible AP C Flexion and extension laterals D Right and left bending AP C Flexion and extension laterals 32 In the anterior oblique position of the cervical spine, the CR should be directed A parallel to C4 B perpendicular to C4 C 15 degrees cephalad to C4 D 15 degrees caudad to C4. D 15 degrees caudad to C4. 33 All the following are palpable bony landmarks used in radiography of the pelvis except A the femoral neck B the pubic symphysis C the greater trochanter D the iliac crest 34 Which of the following is (are) well demonstrated in the lumbar spine shown in Figure 2–35?
Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology. A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 35 Standard radiographic protocols may be reduced to include two views, at right angles to each other, in which of the following situations? A Barium examinations B Spine radiography C Skull radiography D Emergency and trauma radiography D Emergency and trauma radiography 36 To visualize or “open” the right sacroiliac joint, the patient is positioned A 30 to 40 degrees LPO B 30 to 40 degrees RPO C 25 to 30 degrees LPO D 25 to 30 degrees RPO. 37 Which of the following is (are) effective in reducing exposure to sensitive tissues for frontal views during scoliosis examinations?
A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 38 Which of the following precautions should be observed when radiographing a patient who has sustained a traumatic injury to the hip?
A 1 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 39 The AP axial projection, or “frog leg” position, of the femoral neck places the patient in a supine position with the affected thigh A adducted 25 degrees from the horizontal B abducted 25 degrees from the vertical C adducted 40 degrees from the horizontal D abducted 40 degrees from the vertical D abducted 40 degrees from the vertical 40 Which of the following positions will demonstrate the lumbosacral apophyseal articulation? A AP B Lateral C 30-degree RPO D 45-degree LPO 41 The AP projection of the coccyx requires that the CR be directed
A 1 only B 2 only C 1 and 2 only D 1 and 3 only 42 Which of the following bones participate(s) in the formation of the obturator foramen?
A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 43 The axiolateral, or horizontal beam, projection of the hip requires the IR to be placed
A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 44 The structure labeled 4 in Figure 2–32 is the Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology. A body of C1 B body of C2 C odontoid process D anterior arch of C1 45 The structure labeled 5 in Figure 2–32 is the Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology. A body of C1 B body of C2 C odontoid process D anterior arch of C1 46 Which of the following is (are) appropriate technique(s) for imaging a patient with a possible traumatic spine injury?
A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 47 To demonstrate the first two cervical vertebrae in the AP projection, the patient is positioned so that A the glabellomeatal line is vertical. B the acanthiomeatal line is vertical. C a line between the mentum and the mastoid tip is vertical. D a line between the maxillary occlusal plane and the mastoid tip is vertical. D a line between the maxillary occlusal plane and the mastoid tip is vertical. 48 Which of the following is (are) demonstrated in an AP projection of the cervical spine?
A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 49 In the anterior oblique position of the cervical spine, the structures best seen are the A intervertebral foramina nearest the IR B intervertebral foramina furthest from the IR C interarticular joints D intervertebral joints A intervertebral foramina nearest the IR 50 The position illustrated in the radiograph in Figure 2–28 may be obtained with the patient
Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology. A 1 only B 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only 51 In Figure 2–27, the structure indicated as number 7 is which of the following? A Neck of rib B Tubercle of rib C Transverse process D Head of rib 52 A kyphotic curve is formed by which of the following?
A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 3 only D 1 and 3 only 53 Which of the following positions will provide an AP projection of the L5-S1 interspace? A Patient AP with 30- to 35-degree angle cephalad B Patient AP with 30- to 35-degree angle caudad C Patient AP with 0-degree angle D Patient lateral, coned to L5 A Patient AP with 30- to 35-degree angle cephalad 54 Which of the following should be performed to rule out subluxation or fracture of the cervical spine? A Oblique cervical spine, seated B AP cervical spine, recumbent C Horizontal beam lateral D Laterals in flexion and extension C Horizontal beam lateral 55 Which of the following statements is (are) correct with respect to the images shown in Figure 2–23?
Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology. A 1 only B 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 56 The long, flat structures that project posteromedially from the pedicles are the A transverse processes B vertebral arches C laminae D pedicles 57 The thoracic apophyseal joints are demonstrated with the A coronal plane 90 degrees to the IR B midsagittal plane 90 degrees to the IR C coronal plane 20 degrees to the IR D midsagittal plane 20 degrees to the IR. D midsagittal plane 20 degrees to the IR. 58 Structures comprising the neural, or vertebral, arch include
A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 59 The lumbar lamina is represented by what part of the “Scotty dog” seen in a correctly positioned oblique lumbar spine view? A Eye B Nose C Body D Neck 60 The articular facets of L5-S1 are best demonstrated in a(n) A AP projection B 30-degree oblique C 75-degree oblique D AP axial 61 What structure can be located midway between the anterosuperior iliac spine (ASIS) and pubic symphysis? A Dome of the acetabulum B Femoral neck C Greater trochanter D Iliac crest 62 The lumbar transverse process is represented by what part of the “Scotty dog” seen in a correctly positioned oblique lumbar spine? A Eye B Nose C Body D Ear 63 To reduce the amount of scattered radiation reaching the IR in CR/DR imaging of the lumbosacral region, in the lateral projection, which of the following is (are) recommended?
A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 64 A radiolucent sponge can be placed under the patient's waist for a lateral projection of the lumbosacral spine to
A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 65 Which of the following bony landmarks is in the same transverse plane as the symphysis pubis? A Ischial tuberosity B Prominence of the greater trochanter C Anterosuperior iliac spine D Anteroinferior iliac spine B Prominence of the greater trochanter 66 Which of the following projections can be used to supplement the traditional “open-mouth” projection when the upper portion of the odontoid process cannot be well demonstrated? A AP or PA through the foramen magnum B AP oblique with right and left head rotation C Horizontal beam lateral D AP axial AP or PA through the foramen magnum 67 Which of the following is (are) well demonstrated in the lumbar spine pictured in Figure 2–8?
Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology. A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 68 What is the name of the condition that results in the forward slipping of one vertebra on the one below it? A Spondylitis B Spondylolysis C Spondylolisthesis D Spondylosis 69 The right posterior oblique position (Judet method) of the right acetabulum will demonstrate the
A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 70 The male bony pelvis differs from the female bony pelvis in which of the following way(s)?
A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 71 Critique the lateral cervical spine seen in Figure 2–1 and select the most correct statement below. Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology. A The chin has been depressed too much. B The chin needs to be extended more. C The head is tilted. D The shoulders are not depressed enough. D The shoulders are not depressed enough. 72 The right posterior oblique (RPO) position of the left acetabulum will demonstrate the 1. posterior rim of the left acetabulum. 2. left anterior iliopubic column. 3. left iliac wing. A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 73 With which of the following does the femoral head articulate? 1. Ilium 2. Ischium 3. Pubis A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 74 The lateral aspect of the obturator foramen is formed by the A ilium. B ischium. C pubis. D sacrum. 75 Which of the following bones participate in the formation of the acetabulum? 1. Ilium 2. Ischium 3. Pubis A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 76 Which of the following statements regarding the male pelvis is (are) true? 1. The angle formed by the pubic arch is less than that of the female. 2. The pelvic outlet is wider than that of the female. 3. The ischial tuberosities are further apart. A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 77 Which of the following vertebral groups form(s) lordotic curve(s)? 1. Cervical 2. Thoracic 3. Lumbar A 1 only B 2 only C 1 and 2 only D 1 and 3 only 78 Which of the following is (are) accurate criticism(s) of the open-mouth projection of C1-2 seen in Figure A? Figure A. Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology. 1. The MSP is not centered and perpendicular to the midline of the table. 2. The neck should be flexed more. 3. The neck should be extended more. A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 3 only D 1 and 3 only 79 The apophyseal articulations of the thoracic spine are demonstrated with the A coronal plane 45° to the IR. B midsagittal plane 45° to the IR. C coronal plane 70° to the IR. D midsagittal plane 70° to the IR. C coronal plane 70° to the IR. 80 Which of the positions illustrated in Figure A will best demonstrate the lumbar apophyseal joints closest to the IR? Figure A. A Number 1 B Number 2 C Number 3 D Number 4 81 Which of the positions illustrated in Figure A will best demonstrate the lumbar intervertebral foramina? Figure A. A Number 1 B Number 2 C Number 3 D Number 4 82 The pedicle is represented by what part of the "scotty dog" seen in a correctly positioned oblique lumbar spine? A Eye B Front foot C Body D Neck 83 To obtain an AP projection of the right ilium, the patient's A left side is elevated 40°. B right side is elevated 40°. C left side is elevated 15°. D right side is elevated 15°. A left side is elevated 40°. 84 The left sacroiliac joint is positioned perpendicular to the IR when the patient is positioned in a A left lateral position. B 25° to 30° LAO position. C 25° to 30° LPO position. D 30° to 40° LPO position. B 25° to 30° LAO position. 85 Which of the following are demonstrated in the oblique position of the cervical spine? 1. Intervertebral foramina 2. Apophyseal joints 3. Intervertebral joints A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3 86 Which of the positions illustrated below would best demonstrate the cervical pedicles? 1. A. 2. B. 3. C. A 1 only B 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only 87 Which of the following is (are) demonstrated in the AP projection of the thoracic spine? 1. Intervertebral spaces 2. Apophyseal joints 3. Intervertebral foramina A 1 only B 2 only C 1 and 3 D 1, 2, and 3 88 Which of the following positions would best demonstrate the left apophyseal articulations of the lumbar vertebrae? A LPO B RPO C Left lateral D PA 89 The right anterior oblique of the cervical spine requires which of the following combinations of tube angle and direction? A 15° to 20° caudad B 15° to 20° cephalad C 25° to 30° caudad D 25° to 30° cephalad 90 The AP projection of the sacrum requires the central ray to be directed A perpendicular to the midline midway between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the pubis. B to the midline approximately 2 inches superior to the pubis. C 15° cephalad to a point approximately 2 inches superior to the pubis. D 15° caudad to a point approximately 2 inches superior to the pubis. C 15° cephalad to a point approximately 2 inches superior to the pubis. 91 When comparing the male and female bony pelves, it is noted that the 1.male pelvis is deeper. 2.female pubic arch is greater than 90°. 3.female greater sciatic notch is wider.
Which of the following should be performed to rule out subluxation of the C spine?Spine Question's. What is a subluxation of the cervical spine?Subluxation is an essential entity of traumatic subaxial cervical spinal injuries. There is a varying degree of slippage of the body of one vertebra relative to the adjacent vertebra, owing to ligamentous injury and the jumped facets, with therefore a high predisposition for injury to the spinal cord.
Which of the following are appropriate techniques for imaging a patient with a possible traumatic spine injury?Spinal cord and soft-tissue injuries are best evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whereas spinal fractures are better characterized by computed tomography (CT).
How is cervical subluxation treated?Objective The recommended treatment of cervical subluxation is currently closed or open reduction. These treatments are better accomplished in the acute setting, when muscular and ligamentous laxity allows the required maneuvers to realign the dislocated segments.
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