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Why were the structuralists important in the history of psychology because they?

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    • Table 1. The Most Important Approaches (Schools) of Psychology

    School of psychology

    Description

    Important contributors

    Structuralism

    Uses the method of introspection to identify the basic elements or “structures” of psychological experience

    Wilhelm Wundt, Edward B. Titchener

    Functionalism

    Attempts to understand why animals and humans have developed the particular psychological aspects that they currently possess

    William James

    Psychodynamic

    Focuses on the role of our unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories and our early childhood experiences in determining behavior

    Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Erik Erickson

    Behaviorism

    Based on the premise that it is not possible to objectively study the mind, and therefore that psychologists should limit their attention to the study of behavior itself

    John B. Watson, B. F. Skinner

    Cognitive

    The study of mental processes, including perception, thinking, memory, and judgments

    Hermann Ebbinghaus, Sir Frederic Bartlett, Jean Piaget

    Social-cultural

    The study of how the social situations and the cultures in which people find themselves influence thinking and behavior

    Fritz Heider, Leon Festinger, Stanley Schachter

    Figure 6. (a) Wilhelm Wundt is credited as one of the founders of psychology. He created the first laboratory for psychological research. (b) This photo shows him seated and surrounded by fellow researchers and equipment in his laboratory in Germany. However, despite his efforts to train individuals in the process of introspection, this process remained highly subjective, and there was very little agreement between individuals. As a result, structuralism fell out of favor with the passing of Wundt’s student, Edward Titchener, in 1927 (Gordon, 1995).

    Figure 7. William James, shown here in a self-portrait, was the first American psychologist.

    Figure 8. Ivan Pavlov

    Figure 9. B. F. Skinner (1950)

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    Why were the structuralists important in the history of psychology?

    Structuralism played a role in the drive to make psychology a more experimental science, while functionalism laid the groundwork for the development of behaviorism. By understanding these two schools of thought, you can gain a greater appreciation of how psychology developed into the discipline it is today.

    How structuralism is important in psychology?

    Structuralism sought to analyze the adult mind (defined as the sum total of experience from birth to the present) in terms of the simplest definable components and then to find the way in which these components fit together in complex forms.

    What was an important contributor to the structuralism school of psychology?

    Wundt was an important contributor to the Structuralism school of Psychology. Aristotle believed that behaviour was mostly the result of nurture. Cognitive Psychology focuses on mental processes. The Functionalism school of Psychology was founded by Freud.

    What is the main concept of structuralism in psychology?

    Structuralism is a theory of consciousness that seeks to analyze the elements of mental experiences, such as sensations, mental images, and feelings, and how these elements combine to form more complex experiences.

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