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Symbolic interactionists view the family as a site of social reproduction where meanings are negotiated and maintained by family members. Learning Objectives
Key Points
Key Terms
Symbolic interactionism is a social theory that focuses on the analysis of patterns of communication, interpretation, and adjustment between individuals in relation to the meanings of symbols. According to the theory, an individual’s verbal and nonverbal responses are constructed in expectation of how the initial speaker will react. This emphasis on symbols, negotiated meaning, and the construction of society as an aspect of symbolic interactionism focuses attention on the roles that people play in society. Role-taking is a key mechanism through which an individual can appreciate another person’s perspective and better understand the significance of a particular action to that person. Role-taking begins at an early age, through such activities as playing house and pretending to be different people. These activities have an improvisational quality that contrasts with, say, an actor’s scripted role-playing. In social contexts, the uncertainty of roles places the burden of role-making on the people in a given situation. Ethnomethodology, an offshoot of symbolic interactionism, examines how people’s interactions can create the illusion of a shared social order despite a lack of mutual understanding and the presence of differing perspectives. Harold Garfinkel demonstrated this situation through so-called experiments in trust, or breaching experiments, wherein students would interrupt ordinary conversations because they refused to take for granted that they knew what the other person was saying. The FamilySymbolic interactionists also explore the changing meanings attached to family. They argue that shared activities help to build emotional bonds among family members, and that marriage and family relationships are based on negotiated meanings. The interactionist perspective emphasizes that families reinforce and rejuvenate bonds through symbolic mechanism rituals such as family meals and holidays.  Which of the following is a common criticism of symbolic interaction theory?Which of the following is a common criticism of symbolic interactionism? Symbolic interactionism largely ignores macro level factors.
Which of the following theories describes the components of social interaction?Social Learning Theory: People learn new attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors through social interaction. Social interaction shapes socialization.
Which theoretical perspective is useful in helping to understand why a pattern of family interaction is maintained?Social interactionist perspectives on the family examine how family members and intimate couples interact on a daily basis and arrive at shared understandings of their situations. Studies grounded in social interactionism give us a keen understanding of how and why families operate the way they do.
Which of the following concepts defines who and what we are in relation to others?Which of the following concepts defines who and what we are in relations to others? role set. Sociologists use which of the following concepts to refer to the behavior people expect of someone who holds a particular status? role.
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Exchange theory examines personal interactions in terms of meanings and symbols.
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