The changes in the population of countries over time have been found to follow a pattern described as ‘demographic transition’. Demographic transition is a process of fundamental change by which a country moves gradually from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates. During the transition, death rates decline first and this is followed by a decline in birth rates. Figure 2.3 shows the five stages of demographic transition, described below. Show Figure 2.3 The demographic transition model depicts demographic changes from high- to low-level births and deaths in five stages. The stages are:
Countries throughout the world are currently at different stages of demographic transition. Some countries in Asia and Europe have low death rates, low birth rates and low population growth and are in stage 4. Most of the ‘least developed countries’ are still in stages 2 and 3. There are many causes that contribute to the changes of the demographic transition model and account for the variations seen between different countries. The main factors include:
Figure 2.4 Family planning is now widely advertised in Ethiopia.
Figure 2.5 shows how Ethiopia’s total population has changed since 1980 and is heading towards 100 million. Figure 2.5 Graph of Ethiopian population from 1980 to 2015. (Adapted from JMP, 2014) For further information, take a look at our frequently asked questions which may give you the support you need. Have a question? If you have any concerns about anything on this site please get in contact with us here. Report a concern What stage has the lowest death and birth rate?Low birth rates and low death rates characterize the countries in Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model.
What is Stage 2 of the demographic transition?Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is characterized by a rapid decrease in a country's death rate while the birth rate remains high. As such, the total population of a country in Stage 2 will rise because births outnumber deaths, not because the birth rate is rising.
What is Stage 4 demographic transition?STAGE 4: LOW GROWTH RATE. A nation enters Stage 4 of the demographic transition model when CBRs equal to or become less than CDRs. When CBRs are equal to CDRs, a nation will experience zero population growth (ZPG).
What is Stage 1 of the demographic transition model?Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is characterized by a low population growth rate due to a high birth rate (number of annual births per one thousand people) and a high death rate (number of annual deaths per one thousand people).
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