How would you expect this situation to affect the assessment of Southerns financial condition and performance?

Programme in a nutshell

Concrete examples of achievements (*)

158

countries and cities

were supported in developing or implementing strategies for climate change or disaster risk reduction from 2013 to 2021.

909 620 km2

was protected

(biodiversity/forest) between 2013 and 2021.

3.4 million

children

living in areas of crisis and conflict have received education through 'Education cannot wait' since its inception (2018-2020).

12

electoral processes

and democratic cycles were supported, observed and monitored by means of election observation missions in 2021.

23.3 million

women, adolescent girls and children

were helped to improve diet and breastfeeding, household resilience, food security, healthcare and stunting reduction between 2013 and 2021.

54 400

or more

at-risk human-rights defenders were supported between 2014 and 2021.

11 million

items

of personal protective equipment and other medical supplies were delivered in 2020 to the Eastern Partnership partner countries, together with the World Health Organization.

8.4 million

beneficiaries

were supported in 2014-2020 by the EU Regional Trust Fund in Response to the Syrian Crisis.

(*) Key achievements in the table state which period they relate to. Many come from the implementation of the predecessor programmes under the 2014-2020 multiannual financial framework. This is expected and is due to the multiannual life cycle of EU programmes and the projects they finance, where results often follow only after completion of the programmes.

Budget for 2021-2027

Rationale and design of the programme

The Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument – Global Europe (NDICI–Global Europe) aims to support those countries most in need in overcoming long-term developmental challenges. It contributes to achieving the international commitments and objectives that the EU has agreed to, in particular the 2030 agenda and its sustainable development goals, and the Paris Agreement.

Contribution to horizontal priorities

EU budget contribution in 2021 (million EUR):

(*) Based on the applied gender contribution methodology, the following scores are attributed at the most granular level of intervention possible:
- 2: interventions the principal objective of which is to improve gender equality;
- 1: interventions that have gender equality as an important and deliberate objective but not as the main reason for the intervention;
- 0: non-targeted interventions;
- 0*: score to be assigned to interventions with a likely but not yet clear positive impact on gender equality.

(ℹ) Item corrected after adoption of the AMPR. See also link.

Performance assessment

• Due to the delayed adoption of NDICI–Global Europe, only limited measures made a difference on the ground, namely rapid response measures.
• A common feature of the most important achievements in 2021 was the timely delivery of conflict prevention and crisis-response measures, including in the following cases:
  • in eastern Sudan, where increased pressure was put on local communities and public services to respond to needs from refugees from Tigray, Ethiopia;
  • in Myanmar/Burma, where the programme supported civil-society organisations and international accountability mechanisms in response to the military coup;
  • in Tajikistan, where the programme provided support in managing the border with Afghanistan;
  • in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, where the programme supported communities hosting migrants and refugees from Venezuela;
  • in Chad, where the EU supported a transition that has so far been peaceful;
  • in eastern Ukraine, where at the end of 2021 the EU's support of the international monitoring mission was renewed on the contact line (with Russia), though it was suspended in 2022 following the invasion of Ukraine by Russia;
  • urgent support from the EU budget was provided in November 2021 to Moldova's most vulnerable groups and to support the country's energy transition.
• These interventions were delivered despite COVID-19 restrictions and a tense geopolitical context.
• In Mali, on the other hand, developments on the ground made it impossible for the EU to provide the intended support for a peaceful and inclusive transition.

MFF 2014-2020 – Development Cooperation Instrument

The Development Cooperation Instrument was the main financial instrument in the EU budget for funding aid to developing countries during the 2014-2020.

Budget implementation

Cumulative implementation rate at the end of 2021 (million EUR):

Performance assessment

• The European Neighbourhood Instrument has proved to be a flexible and responsive instrument addressing the priorities established under the European Neighbourhood Policy framework and reacting to needs and challenges in the region, including protracted crises.
• One of the essential elements of the European Neighbourhood Instrument regulation is the incentive-based approach, also referred to as 'more for more'. EUR 1.4 billion was disbursed under the incentive-based approach between 2014 and 2020. Indeed, the share of available resources offered to partner countries is adapted primarily to their progress in building and consolidating a deep and sustainable democracy and in implementing agreed political-, economic- and social-reform objectives.
• In cases of non-achievement or backsliding, 'less for less' is applied to the available resources offered to partner countries, or resources are recalibrated towards civil society. A good example is Belarus, where the EU has stepped up its support for the people of Belarus while moving assistance away from the authorities.
• The first objective of the instrument is to promote human rights and fundamental freedoms, the rule of law, principles of equality and the fight against discrimination in all its forms.
• Overall, the trend in the neighbourhood has been fluctuating.
• The instrument pursues this objective by promoting, through its interventions, the values of human rights and fundamental opinions of civil-society organisations for a policy initiative, freedoms, the rule of law, principles of equality and anti-discrimination.
• Over the 2014-2020 period, some EUR 2.2 billion was committed to human rights, good governance and mobility. Over the 2013-2021 period, the EU supported 63 government policies with civil society throughout the eastern and southern neighbourhoods. This means supporting public participation whereby the government actively seeks the opinions of interested and affected groups in civil society for a policy initiative. In addition, more than 65 000 people benefited from legal aid interventions supported by the EU in 2013-2021.
• The second objective is to achieve progressive integration into the EU's internal market and enhanced sectoral and cross-sectoral cooperation in various domains.
• The instrument supports almost all neighbourhood countries in strengthening their revenue mobilisation (how to collect more taxes and how to do it better), their public financial management and their budget transparency. During the 2014-2021 period, the total amount of support for public financial management is estimated to have been EUR 268 million. As examples of the results of this support, more than 74 000 firms and more than 41 000 individuals gained access to financial services.
• The instrument also supports the implementation of trade agreements with our partners, notably via the EU4Business initiative. In particular, this initiative helps to support studies and technical assistance for regulatory approximation in the areas of public procurement, technical barriers to trade, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, customs and services.
• As a result of this support, economic operators in Georgia, Moldova, Palestine (1), Tunisia and Ukraine obtained 158 conformity-scheme-related certifications, accreditations, approvals or recognitions for their products, services and systems.
• Certification and accreditation are key to facilitating trade between neighbourhood countries and the EU. In the eastern neighbourhood, this type of support has allowed an increase in the number of companies from the concerned countries exporting to the EU. Between 2014 and 2021, the number of companies exporting to the EU increased by 65% in Georgia, 70% in Moldova and 42% in Ukraine.
• The third objective of the instrument is to create conditions for the better organisation of legal migration and the well-managed mobility of people. The programme contributes greatly to achieving this objective.
• Most of the work done on migration and forced displacement since 2015 in the southern neighbourhood has been financed by approximately EUR 2 billion of European Neighbourhood Instrument funds through the EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (North of Africa window) and the EU Regional Trust Fund in Response to the Syrian Crisis. In the eastern neighbourhood at least EUR 230 million has been spent, focusing mainly on legal migration – including mobility, circular migration and diaspora cooperation – and on border management.
• During the 2013-2021 period, almost 4.5 million migrants, forcibly displaced people or individuals from host communities were protected or assisted with EU support in the neighbourhood regions.
• In order to have an impact on achieving the fourth objective – i.e. supporting smart, sustainable and inclusive development in all respects – the fund supported 14 countries in their reforms aiming to reduce business costs and risks and to create a more conducive environment for competitiveness, sustainable and inclusive growth and decent job creation.
• The European Neighbourhood Instrument has also continued to provide support for the green transition to partner countries in the eastern neighbourhood, in line with the external dimension of the European Green Deal and to ensure a sustainable and green economic recovery.
• Within this context, the European Neighbourhood Instrument programme EU4Climate assisted Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus and Moldova in preparing their updated nationally determined contributions. In Georgia and Ukraine, EU4Climate assisted with raising awareness and communicating the revised targets for these countries' nationally determined contributions. As a result of this EUR 1.2 million in support, all Eastern Partnership countries increased their ambitions in relation to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, compared to the previous cycle of nationally determined contributions.
• The fifth objective of the instrument is to promote confidence building, good neighbourly relations and other measures contributing to security in all its forms, along with the prevention and settlement of conflicts. To that end, in 2014-2021, the fund provided more than EUR 2.5 billion in total to over 1 000 state institutions and non-state actors for measures relating to security, border management, countering violent extremism, conflict prevention, protection of the civilian population and human rights.
• In particular, the EU has been a steadfast supporter not only of the territorial integrity of Ukraine in the face of Russia's aggression, but also of building up Ukraine's resilience. Since 2014, the EU has provided almost EUR 1 billion in conflict-related assistance to Ukraine: EUR 442.5 million in humanitarian and early recovery assistance and support for the reform process in conflict-affected regions; and EUR 540 million through European Investment Bank loans for investment in critical municipal infrastructure.
• Finally, European Neighbourhood Instrument support for cross-border cooperation, its sixth objective, amounted to EUR 482 million for the 2014-2020 period as a whole. In the southern neighbourhood there has been positive progress on increasing the credibility of the Union for the Mediterranean through regular ministerial meetings and conferences. In 2021, the implementation of the Eastern Partnership policy reached a new milestone, that of endorsing the post-2020 Eastern Partnership agenda, structured around two equal pillars: governance and investment.

(1) This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual positions of the Member States on this issue.

MFF 2014-2020 – European Neighbourhood Instrument

The European Neighbourhood Instrument financed, for the 2014-2020 period, the European neighbourhood policy, which aims at supporting political, economic and social reform processes in the EU's neighbouring countries.

Budget implementation

Cumulative implementation rate at the end of 2021 (million EUR):

Performance assessment

• The European Neighbourhood Instrument has proved to be a flexible and responsive instrument addressing the priorities established under the European Neighbourhood Policy framework and reacting to needs and challenges in the region, including protracted crises.
• One of the essential elements of the European Neighbourhood Instrument regulation is the incentive-based approach, also referred to as 'more for more'. EUR 1.4 billion was disbursed under the incentive-based approach between 2014 and 2020. Indeed, the share of available resources offered to partner countries is adapted primarily to their progress in building and consolidating a deep and sustainable democracy and in implementing agreed political-, economic- and social-reform objectives.
• In cases of non-achievement or backsliding, 'less for less' is applied to the available resources offered to partner countries, or resources are recalibrated towards civil society. A good example is Belarus, where the EU has stepped up its support for the people of Belarus while moving assistance away from the authorities.
• The first objective of the instrument is to promote human rights and fundamental freedoms, the rule of law, principles of equality and the fight against discrimination in all its forms.
• Overall, the trend in the neighbourhood has been fluctuating.
• The instrument pursues this objective by promoting, through its interventions, the values of human rights and fundamental opinions of civil-society organisations for a policy initiative, freedoms, the rule of law, principles of equality and anti-discrimination.
• Over the 2014-2020 period, some EUR 2.2 billion was committed to human rights, good governance and mobility. Over the 2013-2021 period, the EU supported 63 government policies with civil society throughout the eastern and southern neighbourhoods. This means supporting public participation whereby the government actively seeks the opinions of interested and affected groups in civil society for a policy initiative. In addition, more than 65 000 people benefited from legal aid interventions supported by the EU in 2013-2021.
• The second objective is to achieve progressive integration into the EU's internal market and enhanced sectoral and cross-sectoral cooperation in various domains.
• The instrument supports almost all neighbourhood countries in strengthening their revenue mobilisation (how to collect more taxes and how to do it better), their public financial management and their budget transparency. During the 2014-2021 period, the total amount of support for public financial management is estimated to have been EUR 268 million. As examples of the results of this support, more than 74 000 firms and more than 41 000 individuals gained access to financial services.
• The instrument also supports the implementation of trade agreements with our partners, notably via the EU4Business initiative. In particular, this initiative helps to support studies and technical assistance for regulatory approximation in the areas of public procurement, technical barriers to trade, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, customs and services.
• As a result of this support, economic operators in Georgia, Moldova, Palestine (1), Tunisia and Ukraine obtained 158 conformity-scheme-related certifications, accreditations, approvals or recognitions for their products, services and systems.
• Certification and accreditation are key to facilitating trade between neighbourhood countries and the EU. In the eastern neighbourhood, this type of support has allowed an increase in the number of companies from the concerned countries exporting to the EU. Between 2014 and 2021, the number of companies exporting to the EU increased by 65% in Georgia, 70% in Moldova and 42% in Ukraine.
• The third objective of the instrument is to create conditions for the better organisation of legal migration and the well-managed mobility of people. The programme contributes greatly to achieving this objective.
• Most of the work done on migration and forced displacement since 2015 in the southern neighbourhood has been financed by approximately EUR 2 billion of European Neighbourhood Instrument funds through the EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (North of Africa window) and the EU Regional Trust Fund in Response to the Syrian Crisis. In the eastern neighbourhood at least EUR 230 million has been spent, focusing mainly on legal migration – including mobility, circular migration and diaspora cooperation – and on border management.
• During the 2013-2021 period, almost 4.5 million migrants, forcibly displaced people or individuals from host communities were protected or assisted with EU support in the neighbourhood regions.
• In order to have an impact on achieving the fourth objective – i.e. supporting smart, sustainable and inclusive development in all respects – the fund supported 14 countries in their reforms aiming to reduce business costs and risks and to create a more conducive environment for competitiveness, sustainable and inclusive growth and decent job creation.
• The European Neighbourhood Instrument has also continued to provide support for the green transition to partner countries in the eastern neighbourhood, in line with the external dimension of the European Green Deal and to ensure a sustainable and green economic recovery.
• Within this context, the European Neighbourhood Instrument programme EU4Climate assisted Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus and Moldova in preparing their updated nationally determined contributions. In Georgia and Ukraine, EU4Climate assisted with raising awareness and communicating the revised targets for these countries' nationally determined contributions. As a result of this EUR 1.2 million in support, all Eastern Partnership countries increased their ambitions in relation to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, compared to the previous cycle of nationally determined contributions.
• The fifth objective of the instrument is to promote confidence building, good neighbourly relations and other measures contributing to security in all its forms, along with the prevention and settlement of conflicts. To that end, in 2014-2021, the fund provided more than EUR 2.5 billion in total to over 1 000 state institutions and non-state actors for measures relating to security, border management, countering violent extremism, conflict prevention, protection of the civilian population and human rights.
• In particular, the EU has been a steadfast supporter not only of the territorial integrity of Ukraine in the face of Russia's aggression, but also of building up Ukraine's resilience. Since 2014, the EU has provided almost EUR 1 billion in conflict-related assistance to Ukraine: EUR 442.5 million in humanitarian and early recovery assistance and support for the reform process in conflict-affected regions; and EUR 540 million through European Investment Bank loans for investment in critical municipal infrastructure.
• Finally, European Neighbourhood Instrument support for cross-border cooperation, its sixth objective, amounted to EUR 482 million for the 2014-2020 period as a whole. In the southern neighbourhood there has been positive progress on increasing the credibility of the Union for the Mediterranean through regular ministerial meetings and conferences. In 2021, the implementation of the Eastern Partnership policy reached a new milestone, that of endorsing the post-2020 Eastern Partnership agenda, structured around two equal pillars: governance and investment.

(1) This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual positions of the Member States on this issue.

MFF 2014-2020 – European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights

The European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights aimed at providing support for the promotion of democracy and human rights in non-EU countries.

Budget implementation

Cumulative implementation rate at the end of 2021 (million EUR):

Performance assessment

• The European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights was implemented against the backdrop of an overall slowdown in the consolidation of democracy, the rule of law, good governance and human rights globally. In relation to the World Bank's rule-of-law score, the situation deteriorated between 2014 and 2016 and has not significantly improved since.
• Over the entire 2014-2020 period, the instrument was successful in delivering on its objectives. It proved to be an enabling, flexible and responsive instrument, which demonstrated its added value as a niche instrument to promote human rights and democracy.
• The key added value of the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights lay in the independence of its action and in its worldwide coverage, allowing for interventions in the most difficult country situations and without the consent of the host governments, and also acting where other instruments and donors cannot or do not act. It has been able to address challenges relating to human rights and democracy in even the most difficult and challenging environments.
• The midterm evaluation conducted in 2017 also considered the instrument to be generally efficient thanks to a relatively low level of administrative expenditure and its essential, built-in, flexible tools, for instance its direct support for human-rights defenders, its direct small grants and the way it works with informal partners.

MFF 2014-2020 – Partnership Instrument for Cooperation with Third Countries

The Partnership Instrument for Cooperation with Third Countries was, in 2014-2020, the EU's first instrument specifically designed to promote the EU's strategic interests worldwide by reinforcing its external strategies, policies and initiatives.

Budget implementation

Cumulative implementation rate at the end of 2021 (million EUR):

Performance assessment

• Programming centred on themes rather than country-focused considerations. For example, measures under the Partnership Instrument for Cooperation with Third Countries underpinned bilateral and regional dialogues in multiple areas of strategic EU interest, and bilateral and multilateral negotiations, by providing support for concrete policy deliverables, thereby strengthening the EU's position as a credible partner.
• Other measures aimed at developing common approaches with key partners to influence international processes and agendas, thereby underpinning multilateralism, fostering the building of partnerships and alliances in a global context and contributing to the rules-based global order.
• In the area of trade policy, the instrument provided unprecedented support to the EU's trade agenda, focusing on countries/regions where trade and investment agreements exist or are being negotiated. Further measures enabled the EU to promote its standards abroad, help develop a level playing field and create opportunities for its companies.
• Public and cultural diplomacy measures enabled the EU to promote its image and understanding abroad, engaging with key decision-makers and target groups in strategic partner countries and thereby positioning itself as an influential and reliable global partner.
• In 2021, the partnership instrument maintained a large number of operations, as 25 stand-alone measures were adopted with a budget of EUR 81.9 million covering the following areas: sustainable development and the environment; climate, energy action and urbanisation; digitalisation; trade agreements and market access; raising the profile of the EU through public and cultural diplomacy; health; and promoting and upholding EU values.
• These measures enabled and facilitated numerous strategic policy dialogues and information exchange activities with partner countries, thereby extending the reach and depth of the EU's foreign policy. Besides stand-alone measures of a medium- to long-term nature, there are two tools for short-term measures under the partnership instrument, namely the Policy Support Facility and the Technical Assistance and Information Exchange instrument, under which 32 and 14 measures were contracted in 2021, respectively.
• Activities under the partnership instrument that contributed to addressing COVID-19 under the Team Europe initiative continued by leveraging the EU's role as policymaker and setter of standards to address and contain the negative impact of the pandemic on global health and in socioeconomic terms.

MFF 2014-2020 – Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace

Between 2014 and 2020, the Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace was one of the EU's main instruments in the areas of crisis response, conflict prevention, peacebuilding and crisis preparedness, and in addressing global and transregional threats.

Budget implementation

Cumulative implementation rate at the end of 2021 (million EUR):

Performance assessment

• Between 2014 and 2020, the Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace funded activities in the areas of (1) crisis response, (2) conflict prevention, peacebuilding and crisis preparedness and (3) response to global, transregional and emerging threats. The instrument's activities are implemented in partner countries around the world, in conflict zones, in post-conflict environments and in emerging crisis settings.
• With a view to allowing the EU to respond quickly to crises, 70% of funds under the instrument were allocated to the non-programmable crisis-response component. This 70% included EUR 100 million specifically for building the capacity of military actors in support of development and security for development following the adaptation of the Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace regulation in 2017, to enable the funding of such assistance. Longer-term programmable measures to strengthen capacity for conflict prevention, peacebuilding and crisis preparedness, along with responses to global, transregional and emerging threats, represented 9% and 21% of the overall budget, respectively.
• The instrument delivered timely crisis-response measures but, on occasion, the percentage of measures adopted within 3 months of a crisis context dipped, notably due to the disruption linked to the establishment of regional teams in 2017. However, but they have since increased significantly to levels above the target.
• In terms of emerging crises, the instrument has been of huge importance in developing the EU Early Warning System, which has subsequently allowed, among other things, for the mobilisation of timely and targeted measures in the countries analysed.
• For the conflict prevention component, the instrument has supported, through 75 action grants to civil-society organisations between 2014 and 2020, a multitude of locally driven conflict prevention measures in more than 30 countries, strengthening the role of women and young people in confidence-building activities and peace processes.
• Engagement in areas such as counterterrorism and the prevention of violent extremism, the fight against organised crime, the protection of critical infrastructure and chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear risk mitigation reinforced the EU's role as a credible and responsive external actor.

Programme statement

Programme Statement – NDICI

English

(1.61 MB - PDF)

How would you expect this situation to affect the assessment of Southern financial condition and performance?

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