One way an operational data store differs from a data warehouse is the recency of their data.

Data has become a competitive advantage for enterprises that can effectively operationalize it across their enterprises. These Data-Driven Enterprises are discovering and embedding past, present, and future-focused analytics into their end-users workflow. They are doing this to provide valuable information to their end-users in order to act on the business metrics that matter.

In this post, you are going to learn about Operational Data Stores, starting with the definition of an Operational Data Store, its use cases, its implementation, and lastly, its importance. 

Table of Contents

• What is Operational Data Store?
• Characteristics of Operational Data Store Systems
• Use Cases of Operational Data Store Systems
  • Implementation of Operational Data Stores 
• Data Warehouses vs Operational Data Stores
• Benefits of an Operational Data Store
• Why Do Organizations Deploy an Operational Data Store?
• Conclusion

Currently, most organizations are managing various data aspects using different record systems. They struggle to find the appropriate data stores because they report on each data source separately, which leads to complex data analytics processing. With an Operational Data Store, they can change their approach by reporting across numerous record systems and acquiring a more complete data view. 

An Operational Data Store (ODS) also known as OLTP (On-Line Transfer Processing) is a Database Management System where data is stored and processed in real-time. This Database type functions as a central fountain for data that is collected from different sources of a Data Warehouse System.

An Operational Data Store takes a firm’s Transactional Data from more than one production system and integrates it while being time-variant, subject-oriented, integrated, and without the constraints that arise from volatility.

It is designed to merge or integrate data, of any configuration, into a single format that users can access for the decision support landscape. It only provides access to current data that can be queried without troubling Transactional Systems. Therefore, an Operational Data Store can be considered a staging area for query facilities.

Such processes may include additional operations on the data, controls, and reporting that target Operational Decision support. Therefore, as this current data is accessed, it makes the procedures of analysis and reporting effortless.

Since the data comes from one or more production systems, the integration process entails cleaning to avoid junk, resolving redundancy, and checking for integrity to ensure that data obeys systematic rules. 

An Operational Data Store contains atomic or indivisible data, such as prices and transactions that are captured in real-time, and thus have a limited history. As such, this type of Database is a location that persists data used in recent functions. After integration, it is relocated to permanent storage systems or archives of a Data Warehouse.        

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Characteristics of Operational Data Store Systems

Here are the attributes of Operational Data Stores(ODS):

• ODS systems are highly available and fault-tolerant.
• They occupy less space due to the compression of data and operations. 
• ODS systems host configurable, easily accessible, and fast real-time comprehensive data. 
• ODS systems are connected to one or more data sources.
• They do not host large amounts of historical data, and thus cannot handle huge data transactions. 
• An ODS system makes the creation of back-ups and recovery processes effortless since the size of the data is small.

Use Cases of Operational Data Store Systems

The main purpose of an ODS is to integrate data from diverse source systems into a single entity, through technologies such as Extract, Transform and Load (ETL), Data Federation, or Data Virtualization.  

Implementation of Operational Data Stores

In the creation of an Operational Data Store, multiple data sources can be integrated. However, each data source system must have the following principles to qualify: 

• Subject-Oriented: The design of the Operational Data Store should be built based on the business’s functional requirements, especially in regard to a specific area under discussion.  
• Integrated: All the data from diverse sources must undergo the ETL process, which involves cleaning junk for redundancy, data transformation into a single format, and loading of the dataset into the ODS as indicated by the business policies for control and regularity of data. 
• Up-to-Date: The ODS data should be current and thus updated to host all recent functions of the application connected to the Data Warehouse, as well as to depict the data’s existing status from each Data Warehouse linked source. 
• Detailed: As the rules are implemented, it is crucial to maintain the business’s comprehensive detailing level for the proper execution of respective functions, which are mainly supporting the operational business requirements or functions.  

Data Warehouses vs Operational Data Stores

The general purpose of an Operational Data Store is to integrate corporate data from multiple heterogeneous data sources to enable operational reporting in real-time or near-real-time. An Operational Data Store is normally used as a data source for the Data Warehouse.

Let’s delve further into how does an Operational Data Store differs from a Data Warehouse:

• Granularity: An Operational Data Store is utilized for the lowest granular queries whereas a Data Warehouse is used for more complex queries against a summary level or else on aggregated data.
• Reporting: An Operational Data Store is used for the purpose of operational reporting and supports current or near-real-time reporting requirements whereas the purpose of a Data Warehouse is historical and trend analysis reporting on voluminous data.
• Data Storage: An Operational Data Store is capable of holding a small window of data whereas a Data Warehouse is capable of storing the entire history of data.
• Decision Process: An Operational Data Store is responsible for providing the information for tactical and Operational Decisions on either current or near-real-time data whereas a Data Warehouse deals with feedback delivery for strategic decisions that eventually lead to overall system improvements.
• Load Frequency: In an Operational Data Store, the frequency of the data load can range from every few minutes to hourly whereas in a Data Warehouse the frequency of the data loads could be daily, weekly, monthly, or quarterly.

Here’s a summary of the differences between an Operational Data Store and a Data Warehouse.

Benefits of an Operational Data Store

Operational Data Stores are data repositories that store a snapshot of an organization’s current data. An ODS is capable of delivering the best available instance of a data element at any given moment. An Operational Data Store is beneficial to firms and other entities in multiple ways such as the following:  

• An ODS provides access to current and less complicated data, which could be non-aggregated and finely crumbled and can be probed in a suitable approach without the usage of operational systems. To properly acquire data from an ODS, the probing process should not have multi-level joins that make it complicated. Instead, it should include simple queries that are sufficient enough and thus hold detailed operational data moderately. 
• The ODS provides inefficient communication information technology systems with a united repository to tap to. 
• Since ODS reporting may be more sophisticated compared to individual underlying systems reports, the ODS simplifies matters by providing a better approach. It gives a merged data view that is integrated from numerous systems, and so reports provide a general perspective on operational processes. 
• The updated view of the status of operations simplifies the process of diagnosing an entity’s problems before going into component systems. For instance, in a product delivery company, the ODS allows the service representatives to locate a customer’s order and its status, as well as more troubleshooting information that could smoothen operations.
• An ODS works through time-sensitive and vital business rules, including those that automatically alert a financial institution about a customer’s account withdrawal. Such accumulative rules automate processes and thus improve efficiency significantly. Without the current and integrated data, it may be impossible to attain such high levels of efficiency or improve them.   
• An ODS does not have historical operations and data, and hence it is a secure option that offers data privacy and is resilient to cyber-attacks. 
• Businesses often provide complex requirements to manage the generation of input used in analysis and reporting processes, which propel decision making. Therefore, ODS simplifies these processes by being a practical feasible structural design. 
• When there is trouble, such as impromptu restarting of a Database or environmental failure, an ODS conducts a turnaround within considerably less time, and thus reduces business and applications’ stakeholders’ stress. 
• The Operational Data Store can query data that is closer to real-time operations, especially when it is needed by reporting and analysis tools.

Why Do Organizations Deploy an Operational Data Store?

Deploying an Operational Data Store brings in many added benefits to the organisations, like:

• Data Aggregation: Organizations use and depend on a variety of systems to create and preserve records. Keeping such application data seperate leads to creation of data silos. Operational Data Stores consolidate all data into a single unified view for greater clarity and comprehensibility.
• Comprehensive Reporting: Some systems have restricted reporting capabilities by design. ODS addresses this by allowing users to combine data from several sources and provide detailed reports.
• More User Access: Sometimes access to database or record systems is usually restricted to a select few users. But using ODS, you get to expand the organization’s reporting capabilities to a larger audience and not only to those select few.

Conclusion

Modern organizations should have Operational Data Stores as part of their data stack since from the evidence presented in this post, such a system acts as a Central Database System that deals with data from multiple sources and organizes it into a single format through a series of ETL operations. It makes current data analysis easier and hence decision-making becomes less complicated. Therefore, it can be seen that an organization’s performance partially depends on how it handles its data and the data management systems that they employ. 

For any information on OLTP vs OLAP, you can visit the former link.

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