Reference: Hartley J and Davies I “Note taking: A critical review” Programmed Learning and Educational technology, 1978,15, 207-224 cited by John Medina in Brain Rules Show
Keeping audience attention is more important and more difficult than grabbing audience attention. A reader emailed me: “What can I do to keep the audience’s attention through the whole of my presentation. There are always people who don’t seem to be listening.” A one-way presentation is one of the worst possible ways of transferring information from person to person. It requires discipline and effort to simply sit and listen passively to someone speak for any length of time. Make it easier for your audience by following these seven guidelines: [Warning: The first three guidelines require that you know your audience – do the work to find out what your audience is interested in, their background knowledge, level of experience etc.] 1. Talk about something your audience is interested inYou may think this is obvious and that you’d never make this mistake. But I see many otherwise intelligent people talk about what they’re interested in rather than what the audience is interested in. Last week, a business banking specialist started designing a presentation he was planning to deliver to accountancy firms in his city. Most of his talk was about the internal organisational changes they had made in their team which would allow the team to service their clients better. But do his audience care about the internal organisational changes? No. His talk should have been focused on the services they offered to clients. If you’re speaking at a conference, people come to your session because of the synopsis – that’s what they’re interested in. Don’t change it just because it suits you. Many years ago, I saw one of New Zealand’s most successful professional speakers make this mistake. Her session was advertised as being on email marketing. But, she’d just got entranced by Search Engine Optimization (SEO) for websites. She announced at the start that she didn’t want to talk about email marketing, but about SEO. The she asked how many people in the audience had a website. About 5 people out of 100 put their hands up. You’d think she’d change tack – but no. 95 people were subjected to a talk on a subject they had no interest in. 2. Tell them why they should listenBefore each of the presentations skills courses we run, we ask each participant to fill in an online questionnaire. The most critical question is this: “How important are presentation skills to you?” They answer by clicking on range of multichoice answers from “It’s vitally important” to “It’s not that important”. If a number of participants click on “It’s not that important” then we know we have to start the course by demonstrating the benefits of developing presentation skills. I start by telling my story of how developing presentation skills has enriched my career. Then Tony tells of speaking at his father’s funeral and the feeling of completion that that gave him. Now they’ve got a reason to listen. So if your audience don’t have an obvious reason to be interested, tell them why they should bother listening to you. This can be challenging. I’ve had email discussions with a number of readers who present on topics such as health and safety issues or environmental regulations. The audience have to be there, but they have no intrinsic interest in the topic. The solution is to tell them why they should care. If you’re speaking on health and safety, tell them stories of people injured in your workplace and the consequences it had for them. I still remember being an audience member in a presentation on Occupational Overuse Syndrome. The speaker had suffered from it herself and described how she’d been unable to brush her own hair. And if you can’t find a reason why they should listen – don’t give the presentation! 3. Don’t make it too easy or too hardYou’ve probably heard of the concept of “flow” developed by Csikszentmihalyi. Flow is a state of being where you are fully engaged and fulfilled in what you’re doing. You lose track of time, your mind never wanders. When you describe a speaker as “compelling” that’s probably because you were in a state of flow. The ultimate goal is to have your audience in a state of flow (h/t to Chris Atherton and her post When giving presentations, the only rule that matters is the rule is attention.) There are many factors to achieve that nirvana, but one of the prerequisites for flow to occur is for the task to be not too easy and not too hard. When listening to a presentation, the main task is thinking. The thinking task you set has to have just the right level of challenge for the particular audience you’re speaking to. The level of challenge required will differ for different audiences – their confidence in the topic and their background knowledge being critical factors. Listening to somebody talk through a series of bullet points does not require challenging thinking. So it gets boring very quickly. Conversely, if the speaker puts up a complicated flow chart and dives right into the detail without explaining what it’s about, the thinking task will be too challenging. Daniel Willingham, in his book “Why students don’t like school” describes doing just this (as an experiment):
So audit every minute of your presentation in terms of what is the thinking task that you’re asking your audience to engage in. Is it too easy or too hard? 4. “Change grabs attention”The heading comes from Daniel Willingham’s book that I’ve quoted above (yes, it’s what I’m reading at the moment). We notice change. You notice the hum of the air-conditioner when it comes on and when it goes off – but not in between. You can use this natural human propensity to retrieve your audience’s attention. There are macro changes and there are micro changes: Macro-changes
Micro-changes
As a guide, I use a macro-change at least every 10 minutes, and micro-changes continuously. 5. Tell storiesEvery presentation expert extolls the power of stories. There’s evidence that people are hard-wired to listen to stories (see my post Are our brains wired to enjoy stories). When you say “ I’ll tell you a story about…” your audience will perk up. Your stories should of course reinforce the point you’re making. Take a look at your presentation from the point of view of stories. Are they sprinkled throughout your presentation – or bunched together? Sprinkle them out for best effect. For more strategic insights into when and where to tell stories see When to tell a story and what story to tell. You can also exploit the power of story to keep attention by structuring your whole presentation using a story structure – I’ll write more on this later (meanwhile if you know of any good links to this concept please do post them in the comments). 6. Have frequent breaksBuild in frequent breaks, but if you see people starting to flag in their attention suggest a “microbreak” for 1-2 minutes where people people can refresh their drinks and have a walk around. Moving is the most effective way of reviving people at risk of dozing off. 7. Make it shortThe most effective way of keeping your audience’s attention is not to go on for too long. For more great points on keeping audience attention see Chris Atherton’s post When giving presentations, the only rule that matters is the rule is attention. Plan your Presentation with the SpeakerMap™ TemplateUse a proven formula that will have you look confident and credible. GET STARTED Success! Check your email for a link to download the SpeakerMap. And if you have a presentation coming up, do make use of the interactive email tips we'll send you.Heads up: I will also send you valuable tips to help you improve your presentations and let you know about ways you can work with me. You can unsubscribe at any time. What are some tips you follow to keep the focus on you during the presentation?Ten Public Speaking Techniques for Leadership. Ground yourself. Grounding is a tool for feeling stable and looking steadfast. ... . Stand or sit with good posture. ... . Breathe diaphragmatically. ... . Notice your audience. ... . Slow down. ... . Be more sensual. ... . Aim your energy outward. ... . Make eye contact as you tell the story.. What is the most important tip for the presentation?Create a Dynamic Presentation. Talk to your audience, not at them.. Project enthusiasm for the topic without preaching. ... . Present your material in a well-organized manner. ... . Speak to the knowledge level of your audience. ... . Choose your major points carefully and illustrate them with examples or stories.. What are the 5 ways for effective audience presentation?(The order of the tips does not give any information about their importance).. Not every tip will lead to a successful presentation. ... . Tip 1: Maintain eye contact while presenting and smile. ... . Tip 2: Use of gestures and facial expressions. ... . Tip 3: Avoid distractions. ... . Tip 4: Be prepared: Practice makes perfect. ... . Tip 5: Be confident.. What is the one way to keep your audience attention?Start with a question or story and do not give an answer or climax of the story straight away, divert from it and you will keep your audience attention until the end of your speech. Boris Johnson is a master of this technique.
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