Frederick Taylor is famous for Show
Creating the principles of scientific management The goal of scientific management was to find the one best way to perform each task Frank and Lillian Gilbreth are important to management because they used motion studies to eliminate unnecessary or repetitive motions from the work process At about the same time as management theorists were developing scientific management principles in the US, Max Weber was in europe developing the Bureaucratic Management Theory Which management theorists helped develop human relations management According to Henri Fayol's 14 Principles of management, BLANK requires that each employee should report to and receive orders from just one boss In a departure from mainstream management thinking, Mary Parker Follett believed conflict could be beneficial Nearly all organizations should be viewed as ____ that interact with their environments and depend on them for survival _____ involves managing the daily production of goods and services. A systems view of management allows managers to deal with the complex environment in which their company operates How did the industrial revolution change jobs and organizations? Low-paid, unskilled workers running machines began to replace high-paid, skilled artisans ____ occurs when workers deliberately slow down their pace or restrict their work outputs. is a chart that shows when and where tasks need to be completed so that a job can be completed in a timely fashion A contractor was feeling defeated because the job he was working on was so far behind schedule. As he looked at the job site, he saw one worker moving bricks by carrying two at a time from where they were unloaded to where they were needed. Which management process could be used to determine how the workers could perform their tasks more efficiently? Where would a Gantt chart be appropriate? rebuilding communities destroyed by a hurricane building a bridge planning a Mardi Gras parade Installing a local are network for a computer system According to Weber, a bureaucracy is the exercise of control on the basis of knowledge, expertise, or experience _____ is best known for developing the five functions of managers and the fourteen principles of management. According to Henri Fayol's fourteen principles of management, ______ requires that each employee should report to and receive orders from just one boss The _____ approach to management focuses on the psychological and social aspects of work According to human relations management success depends on treating workers well According to Mary Parker Follett, if managers use ____ to settle or reduce conflict, each of the parties involved give up some of what they want. With integrative conflict resolution _______. both parties work together to create an alternative solution that includes shared preferences and integrates interests Management theorists ____ is best know for his role in the Hawthorne Studies. The Hawthorne Studies showed how ____ can influence work group performance, for better or worse. Chester Bernard defined a(n) ____ as "A system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons." In general, people will be indifferent to managerial directives or orders if they ____. are understood can actually be carried out by those people are compatible with the people's personal interests are consistent with the purpose of the organizations _____ involves managing the daily production of goods and services In general, this management theory uses a quantitative approach to find ways to increase productivity, improve quality and manage or reduce costly inventories Operations Management NOT RIGHT two or more subsystems working together can produce more than they can working apart History of Management ANS: T ANS: F For most of history, people have worked in or near their homes and have not commuted. 3. After the Industrial Revolution, jobs mostly occurred in large, formal organizations where hundreds of people worked under one roof. ANS: T ANS: F Frederick Taylor was the father of scientific management. 5. One of Taylor’s scientific management principles concerned how workers should be selected. ANS: T The second principle of scientific management was to scientifically select, train, teach, and develop workers to help them reach their full potential. See Exhibit 2.2. 6. According to the principles of scientific management, work and the responsibility for the work should be divided equally between workers and management. ANS: T See Exhibit 2.2 7. K-M-S Industries in Ohio specializes in making one-of-a-kind precision parts for performance racing, energy, transportation, and aerospace applications. The company’s high degree of specialization is consistent with the beliefs supported by Chester Barnard. ANS: F Specialization is one of the theories of scientific management, developed by Frederick Taylor. Furthermore, this is not an example of specialization as defined by Taylor. 8. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth studied the psychology of groups. ANS: F The Gilbreths are noted for their time and motion studies. 9. A time study allows each task or job to be broken down into separate motions. Once this is done, then unnecessary or repetitive motions can be eliminated. ANS: F This is the definition for a motion study. 10. The FAA has conducted time studies to determine how long an airline pilot should fly an airplane before needing rest. The value of time studies, such as these, was proven by Lillian and Frank Gilbreth. ANS: T ANS: F A Gantt chart shows which tasks must be completed at which times in order to complete a project or task. 12. Utilities companies can use Gantt charts to schedule and route emergency crews and trucks as needed at weather disaster sites. ANS: T ANS: T ANS: T ANS: F Max Weber was driven by his distaste of favoritism when he developed his theories of bureaucracy. 16. According to bureaucratic management principles, those higher in the chain of command do not have the right to give commands, take action, and make decisions concerning activities occurring anywhere below them in the chain. ANS: F According to bureaucratic management principles, those higher in the chain of command have the right to give commands, take action, and make decisions concerning activities occurring anywhere below them in the chain. 17. One of the limitations of bureaucratic management is the resistance of bureaucracies to change. ANS: T ANS: T ANS: F The development of esprit de corps among workers encourages coordination of effort. See Exhibit 20. Human relations management focused on managers’ roles and authority. ANS: F Human relations management focused on the psychological and social aspects of work. 21. Mary Parker Follett believed that managers could deal with conflict through accommodation, mediation, and coercion. ANS: F Mary Parker Follett believed that managers could deal with conflict through domination, compromise, and integration. 22. The point of integrative conflict resolution is to have both parties indicate their preferences and then work together to find an alternative that meets the needs of both. ANS: T ANS: T ANS: T ANS: T ANS: T ANS: F According to Chester Barnard, for many managerial requests or directives there is a zone of indifference in which acceptance of managerial authority by workers is automatic. REF: 64 TOP: KEY: Individual Dynamics | Leadership Principles ANS: F Operations management involves managing the daily production of goods and services. REF: 66 TOP: | AACSB Technology 29. One of the most commonly used operations management tools is cognitive mapping to better understand the psychology of the workers. ANS: F Tools for operations management include capacity planning, scheduling systems, linear programming, forecasting techniques, quality control, project management, productivity management, and cost-benefit analysis. 30. Today because of Eli Whitney’s ideas for increasing production in a gun-manufacturing operation, most products are manufactured using standardized, interchangeable parts. ANS: T ANS: F Operations management is concerned with all facets of inventory management. 32. A systems approach to management encourages managers to view each division as a separate, vital organism. ANS: F A systems approach to management encourages managers to complicate their thinking by looking for connections between the different parts of the organization. 33. According to the systems approach to management, an open system can function without interacting with its environment. ANS: F
According to the systems approach to management, a closed system can function without interacting with its environment. 34. One of the advantages of a systems view of management is that it forces managers to be aware of how the environment affects specific parts of the organization. ANS: T ANS: T ANS: T
ANS: B The Greeks used job enrichment. An early form of information management was used by the Sumerians. The Egyptians did use management functions. 2. How did the Industrial Revolution change jobs and organizations?
ANS: C Instead of being performed in fields and homes, jobs occurred in large, formal organizations where hundreds of people worked under one roof. 3. Prior to the introduction of _____, five workers given an identical task might use five different methods to perform the task with some methods being significantly more efficient than others.
ANS: B Scientific management is thoroughly studying and testing different work methods to identify the best, most efficient way to complete a job. 4. _____ occurs when workers deliberately slow down their pace or restrict their work outputs.
ANS: E
ANS: D REF: 47-48 TOP:
ANS: D Scientific management is thoroughly studying and testing different work methods to identify the best, most efficient way to complete a job. REF: 48 TOP: 7. Which of the following is NOT one of the principles of scientific management?
ANS: A The importance of group dynamics was not realized until the Hawthorne Studies. REF: 48 TOP: 8. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth are important to management because they:
ANS: A REF: 50 TOP:
ANS: E This episode in Gilbreth’s life is described in one of the books written by his son. He used motion studies to reduce the surgery time. REF: 50 TOP: 10. Which management theorist said, “The greatest waste in the world comes from needless, ill-directed, and ineffective motions”?
ANS: B Gilbreth is famous for using motion studies to reduce or eliminate unnecessary and repetitive motions. REF: 50 TOP: 11. A contractor was feeling defeated because the job he was working on was so far behind schedule. As he looked at the job site, he saw one worker moving bricks by carrying two at a time from where they were unloaded to where they were needed. He saw another climbing up a ladder with a few shingles, climbing back down to get more,
and then repeating the process. _____ could be used to determine how the workers could perform their tasks more efficiently.
ANS: A Time studies would show how long it takes a good worker to finish a task. Motion studies would identify which motions are unnecessary and repetitive. REF: 50 12. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth played a critical role in:
ANS: D REF: 50 TOP: KEY: Legal Responsibilities
ANS: B REF: 51 TOP:
ANS: E A Gantt chart would be appropriate for any of the activities because it would allow planners to see which tasks needed to be completed at which time in order to finish the project. REF: 51-52 15. Which of the following management theorists created a task and bonus system that did not punish workers for not achieving higher levels of production?
ANS: C REF: 52 TOP:
ANS: E REF: 53 TOP:
ANS: B Weber had strong feelings that rules and procedures should apply to all members, regardless of their position or status. REF: 54 KEY: Individual Dynamics 18. According to Weber, a bureaucracy:
ANS: C REF: 54 TOP: KEY: Leadership Principles
ANS: E REF: 54-55 TOP: KEY: Leadership Principles
ANS: A REF: 54 TOP:
ANS: B Bureaucratic management is also identified with the impartial application of rules and procedures that are recorded in writing and the use of professional managers. REF: 54 TOP: | Leadership Principles
ANS: E REF: 55 TOP:
ANS: A REF: 55 TOP: KEY: Leadership Principles
ANS: C Proponents of scientific management used time and motion studies to increase efficiency. Mary Parker Follett espoused the benefits of teamwork. Incentives and cooperation were buzzwords of Chester Barnard. Fayol did not develop contingency management, which involves choosing a management style that fits the company and its circumstances in the moment. REF: 55-57 KEY: HRM
ANS: C REF: 55 TOP: KEY: Leadership Principles
ANS: B REF: 55 TOP: | HRM | Group Dynamics | Individual Dynamics | Motivation Concepts 27. Which management theorist said, “The success of an enterprise generally depends much more on the administrative ability of its leaders than on their technical ability”?
ANS: A Note the statement’s emphasis on the importance of administrative management. REF: 56 TOP: KEY: Individual Dynamics | Leadership Principles
ANS: E See Exhibit 2.5. REF: 57 TOP: KEY: Leadership Principles
ANS: C Human relations management focuses on the psychological and social aspects of work. REF: 58-59 KEY: HRM
ANS: B REF: 58 TOP: KEY: HRM
ANS: C REF: 58 TOP: KEY: HRM
ANS: B REF: 58-59 TOP: KEY: HRM
ANS: C Follett’s writing on the role of coordination in organizations is one of her important contributions to the study of management. REF: 58-60 KEY: HRM
ANS: A With integrative conflict resolution, both parties work together to create an alternative solution that is acceptable to both. REF: 59 | AACSB Communication KEY: HRM | Group Dynamics 35. According to Mary Parker Follett, _____ is an approach to dealing with conflict in which one party deals with the conflict by satisfying its desires and objectives at the expense of the other party’s desires and objectives.
ANS: C REF: 59 TOP: | AACSB Communication KEY: HRM
ANS: E REF: 59 TOP: | AACSB Communication KEY: HRM
ANS: C REF: 59 TOP: | AACSB Communication KEY: HRM
ANS: A REF: 59 TOP: | AACSB Communication KEY: HRM
ANS: B REF: 59 TOP: KEY: HRM
ANS: B REF: 59 TOP: | AACSB Communication KEY: HRM
ANS: E REF: 59 TOP: | AACSB Communication KEY: HRM
ANS: E See Exhibit 2.6. REF: 59 TOP: KEY: HRM
ANS: A REF: 60 TOP:
ANS: C REF: 60 TOP: KEY: Legal Responsibilities
ANS: C REF: 60-61 TOP: KEY: Legal Responsibilities
ANS: B REF: 63 TOP:
ANS: E Soldiering occurs when workers deliberately slow down their pace or restrict their work outputs. REF: 63 TOP: 48. Which management theorist provided managers with a better understanding of the effect group social interactions and employee satisfaction have on individual and group performance?
ANS: A REF: 63 TOP: KEY: Group Dynamics | Individual Dynamics | Motivation Concepts 49. Chester Barnard defined a(n) _____ as “a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons.”
ANS: D REF: 64 TOP:
ANS: E An organization is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons. REF: 64 TOP: 51. Chester Barnard argued that managers can gain others’ cooperation by completing three executive functions. They are securing essential services from individuals, formulating an organization’s purpose and objectives, and:
ANS: E REF: 64 TOP: KEY: Group Dynamics | Leadership Principles
ANS: E Associational incentives refer to the chance to work with people they like or be more directly involved with key events or processes in the organization. REF: 64 TOP: KEY: Motivation Concepts
ANS: E REF: 64 TOP: | AACSB Communication KEY: Leadership Principles | Group Dynamics 54. In general, people will be indifferent to managerial directives or orders if they:
ANS: E REF: 64 TOP: | AACSB Communication KEY: Leadership Principles
ANS: A REF: 65 TOP: KEY: Leadership Principles | Group Dynamics
ANS: D Operations management involves managing the daily production of goods and services using a quantitative approach. Information management speeds access to timely and useful information. REF: 66 | 68 KEY: Information Technologies | Operations Management
ANS: A Whitney developed interchangeable parts for muskets and proved the value of such a system. REF: 67 | Creation of Value 58. When Doug Parker merged his ailing America West and the twice-bankrupt US Airways under the name US Airways, one of his peers described him thusly, “Parker is not an operations guy with jet fuel in his veins.” What is probably meant by this description?
ANS: A Operations management uses a quantitative approach to find ways to increase productivity, improve quality, and manage or reduce costly inventories. REF: 66 KEY: HRM | Leadership Principles 59. _____ management involves managing the daily production of goods and services.
ANS: A REF: 66 TOP:
ANS: D REF: 66 TOP:
ANS: B REF: 67 TOP:
ANS: E REF: 66 TOP:
ANS: C Monge was the author of Descriptive Geometry, a book that put three-dimensional exhibits on paper. REF: 67 TOP: 64. What is the term used for the amount and number of raw materials, parts, and finished products that a company has in its possession?
ANS: D REF: 67 TOP:
ANS: B Information management has existed for most of recorded history. Organizations have quickly adopted new information technologies. Speedy information technologies are essential for business success. REF: 69 TOP: KEY: Information Technologies | Operations Management
ANS: A REF: 69-70 TOP: | Operations Management
ANS: E REF: 69 TOP:
ANS: C REF: 70 TOP:
ANS: B REF: 70 TOP:
ANS: B REF: 70 TOP:
ANS: C REF: 70 TOP:
ANS: E A system is a set of interrelated elements or parts that function as a whole. REF: 69 73. Phillips-Van Heusen owns or licenses 19 of America’s most successful apparel and footwear brands. Its multiple brands, multiple channels, and multiple price point strategies are designed to provide stability should market trends such as the economy or consumer taste shift. In other words, the company is responsive to its _____ environment.
ANS: D Changes in any component of the general environment eventually influence most organizations. See Exhibit 2.7. REF: 70 | Strategy 74. Shortly after World War I, John M. Van Heusen created a comfortable, self-folding collar. Prior to the invention, men wore collarless shirts with disposable collars either made of paper or a plastic-like material. In 1919, a U.S. patent was granted for the collar. In 1921, Van Heusen introduced the revolutionary new collar to the public with immediate and overwhelming success. This invention would be part of the _____ environment for Van Heusen, the shirt manufacturer.
ANS: C The specific environment includes customers, competitors, suppliers, industry regulation, and advocacy groups. REF: 70 75. Kraft Foods has created five global product divisions—beverages, snacks, cheese and dairy, convenience meals, and grocery—and two marketing divisions—one for North America and the other for everything else. According to the systems approach to management, these seven divisions are examples of:
ANS: E Subsystems are smaller systems that operate within the context of a larger system. REF: 70 76. Which of the following is an example of a closed system?
ANS: E Closed systems can function without interacting with their environments. None of these organizations can. REF: 70 77. The Atlanta Hawks basketball team, Stanford University, the American Red Cross, and IBM are all examples of:
ANS: B Virtually all organizations are open systems and interact with their environments. REF: 70 TOP: 78. Phillips-Van Heusen owns or licenses 19 of America’s most successful apparel and footwear brands. Its multiple brands, multiple channels, and multiple price point strategies are designed to provide stability should market trends such as the economy or consumer taste shift. In other words, if a recessionary period occurs, the company can sell its
Arrow and private-label brands in discount stores. In the event of a prosperous economic time, the company can benefit from the sale of its Calvin Klein and Kenneth Cole brands in specialty stores. In either economic scenario, the company can remain profitable using the:
ANS: B According to the contingency approach, the most effective management theory or idea depends on the kinds of problems or situations that managers are facing at a particular time and place. REF: 71 79. Entropy:
ANS: B REF: 70 TOP: KEY: Group Dynamics | Environmental Influence
ANS: B See Exhibit 2.7. REF: 70 TOP: 81. Which of the following would be a part of an organization’s general environment?
ANS: B Changes in any component of the general environment eventually influence most organizations. See Exhibit 2.7. REF: 70 TOP: 82. Which of the following would be a part of an organization’s specific environment?
ANS: D See also Exhibit 2.7. REF: 70 TOP: 83. Which of the following statements describes an advantage of the systems approach to management?
ANS: E REF: 71 TOP: KEY: Group Dynamics | Creation of Value
ANS: D Retired people have more time to fish. This would be a sociocultural trend that could indirectly affect Inchow. REF: 70 85. Which of the following statements describes an advantage of the systems approach to management?
ANS: E REF: 71 TOP:
ANS: D REF: 71 TOP:
ANS: B According to the contingency approach, the most effective management theory or idea depends on the kinds of problems or situations that managers are facing at a particular time and place. REF: 71 Share with your friends: What is the name of the man whose principles were precursors to the modern management functions planning organizing leading and controlling?Henri Fayol, a Frenchman, is credited with developing the management concepts of planning, organizing, coordination, command, and control (Fayol, 1949), which were the precursors of today's four basic management principles of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
Which of the following best defines scientific management quizlet?Which of the following best defines scientific management? It is the thorough studying and testing of different work methods to identify the best, most efficient way to complete a job.
How did the Industrial Revolution change jobs and organizations?The Industrial Revolution created an increase in employment opportunities. Wages at factories were higher than what individuals were making as farmers. As factories became widespread, additional managers and employees were required to operate them, increasing the supply of jobs and overall wages.
Who was the first to list managerial traits?Learning Outcomes. Just over one hundred years ago, Frederick Taylor published Principles of Scientific Management, a work that forever changed the way organizations view their workers and their organization.
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