Which developmental theory emphasizes the influence of unconscious drives and motives on behavior

A grand theory of human development that holds that irrational, unconscious drives and motives, often originating in childhood, underlie human behavior

Freud vs. Erikson’s Ideas

Freud focused on the idea of psychosexual, while Erikson believed in psychosocial.

A grand theory of human development that studies observable behavior. Behaviorism is also called learning theory because it describes the laws and processes by which behavior is learned. (John B. Watson)

According to behaviorism, the processes by which responses become linked to particular stimuli and learning takes place. The word conditioning is used to emphasize the importance of repeated practice, as when an athlete conditions his or her body to perform well by training for a long time.

The learning process in which a meaningful stimulus (such as the smell of food to a hungry animal) is connected with a neutral stimulus (such as the sound of a bell) that had no special meaning before conditioning. Also called respondent conditioning.

The learning process by which a particular action is followed by something desired (Which makes the person or animal more likely to repeat the action) or by something unwanted (which makes the action less likely to be repeated). Also called instrumental conditioning.

A technique for conditioning behavior in which that behavior is followed by something desired, such as food for a hungry animal or a welcoming smile for a lonely person.

An extension of behaviorism that emphasizes the influence that other people have over a person’s behavior. Even without specific reinforcement, every individual learns many things through observation and imitation of other people.

The central process of social learning, by which a person observes the actions of others and then copies them.

-Classical Conditioning

-Operant Conditioning

-Social Learning

A grand theory of human development that focuses on changes in how people think over time. According to this theory, our thoughts shape our attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.

Piaget’s Periods of Cognitive Development: (Look on Pg. 47, Table 2.3)

-Sensorimotor: Birth to 2 years

-Preoperational: 2 to 6 years

-Concrete Operational: 6 to 11 years

-Formal Operational: 12 years through adulthood

In cognitive theory, a state of mental balance in which people are not confused because they can use their existing thought processes to understand current experiences and ideas

An emergent theory that holds that development results from the dynamic interaction of each person with the surrounding social and cultural forces.

In sociocultural theory, a technique in which skilled mentors help novices learn not only by providing instruction but also by allowing direct, shared involvement in the activity. Also called apprenticeship in thinking.

In sociocultural theory, a metaphorical area, or “zone,” surrounding a learner that includes all the skills, knowledge, and concepts that the person is close to acquiring but cannot yet master without help.

An emergent theory of development that considers both the genetic origins of behavior (within each person and within each species) and the direct, systematic influence that environmental forces have, over time, on genes.

Genetic Effects: Genetic refers to the entire genome, which includes the following

-1. The genes that make each person (except monozygotic twins) genetically unique

-2. The genes that distinguish our species as human

-3. The genes that all animals share

The process by which humans and other species gradually adjust to their environment. This process is based on the frequency with which a particular genetic trait in a population increases or decreases over generations; that frequency depends on whether or not the trait contributes to the survival and reproductive ability of members of that population.

A group of ideas, assumptions, and generalizations that interpret and illuminate the thousands of observations that have been made about human growth. A development theory provides a framework for explaining the patterns and problems of development

The approach taken by most developmentalists, in which they apply aspects of each of the various theories of development rather than adhering exclusively to one theory.

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Which developmental theory emphasizes the influence of unconscious drives and motives on Behaviour?

Which theory emphasize the influence that other people have over a person's behaviors especially from a meaningful important person that they observing?

Which theory describes development as primarily unconscious?

What was Piaget's approach to cognitive development?