By Marina PantchevaA clause is a group of words that includes two obligatory elements: Show
(1) Mary is writing a letter. [Mary is the subject, writes is the predicate] There are two types of clauses:
(3) John was hired by an IT company.
(5) shortly after he graduated in Computer Science [an incomplete
thought] Dependent clauses are commonly introduced by special markers (called subordinate conjunctions), such as, if, whether, because, although, since, when, while, unless, even though, whenever (follow this link for a fuller list). A sentence consists of one or more clauses. A sentence that is made up of a single clause is a simple sentence. The single clause has to be an independent clause in order for the sentence to be complete. The examples in (1)-(4) are all simple sentences consisting of just one independent clause. A sentence can also contain more than one clause. Such a sentence is called a compound sentence. Compound sentences can consist of two or more independent clauses (connected by and, but, or, nor) (7) John was hired by an IT company, but Mary did not find a job. A compound sentence can also combine independent clauses with dependent clauses. (9) Shortly after John graduated in Computer Science, he was hired by an IT company. A compound sentence has to contain at least one independent clause to be complete. Sometimes, complex phrases can be used instead of a dependent clause to encode the same information. This creates a longer simple sentence with just one subject and one verb. (11) Shortly after his graduation in Computer Science, John was hired by an IT company. The groups of words “shortly after his graduation in Computer Science” and “despite the strong indications of a global temperature rise” are not clauses because they have no subject (the words John and scientists are missing) and no predicate (graduation is not a verb but a noun derived from a verb). Independent and Dependent Clauses: Coordination and SubordinationINDEPENDENT & DEPENDENT CLAUSES: COORDINATION & SUBORDINATION An independent person is one who can solve problems on his own, take care of his own needs, stand on his own two feet, so to speak. An independent clause (a clause is a group of words that contains at least one subject and one verb) is one that can stand on its own two feet--independently. You can join independent clauses if you want to. This is called coordination. A dependent person is one who needs help from another, more independent person. A dependent person needs to lean on someone stronger. A dependent clause is one that cannot stand on its own two feet--it needs an independent clause to lean on. You must join a dependent clause to an independent one. This is called subordination. Independent
clauses are strong Jennifer put a new washer in the bathroom faucet before leaving for the party. The clauses above contain a subject and a verb, and they finish the thought they have started; they are complete simple sentences. For the sake of variety, however, you will often want to combine simple sentences using coordination to create compound sentences. You can choose one of two methods:
The most used coordinating conjunctions are often referred to as the FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so). When you use one of the FANBOYS between independent clauses, you signal that the clauses are equal (sort of like how two independent roommates are equals). These two methods of coordination are demonstrated below: Jennifer put a new washer in the bathroom faucet before leaving for the party; Mai figured out how to fix the garbage disposal. Jennifer put a new washer in the bathroom faucet before leaving for the party, and Mai figured out how to fix the garbage disposal. If you choose to coordinate two independent clauses using a semicolon, you have another option. You may choose to add a conjunctive adverb (followed by a comma-the adverb acts rather like an introductory phrase) after the semicolon: Jennifer put a new washer in the bathroom faucet before leaving for the party; moreover, Mai figured out how to fix the garbage disposal. A conjunctive adverb adds meaning or clarifies the relationship between the two clauses. See how choosing a different conjunctive adverb subtly changes the meaning of the pair: Jennifer put a new washer in the bathroom faucet before leaving for the party; however, Mai figured out how to fix the garbage disposal. The pattern, with appropriate punctuation (and yes, the punctuation counts) is as follows:
(Note: Do not try to join two independent clauses with a simple comma. This error is called a comma splice. Furthermore, do not try to join two independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction alone, omitting the comma. This error is called a run-on. For more on these errors, see the TIP Sheet Comma Splices and Run-on Sentences.) Dependent clauses are needy Because Amy left the iron on. The words that are to blame for making the above dependent clauses dependent are the words because and when. Inquiring minds want to know-what happened as a result of the iron being left on? What happened when the fire department reached the dorm? Like a needy roommate, these dependent clauses need to lean on something stronger. In the following examples we have added independent clauses for the dependent clauses to lean on: The dorm's obsolete wiring melted and started a fire because Amy left the iron on. When you join a dependent clause to an independent clause, you are not joining equals. One side of the resulting sentence (the independent clause) is stronger, and the other side (the dependent clause) is weaker, or subordinate. (If you are a subordinate at work, you do as you're told.) The words used to join unequal pairs of clauses are called subordinating conjunctions. But even here you have choices. Just because the independent clause is stronger, it doesn't have to always go first. (Sometimes the stronger person holds the door open to allow the person on crutches to enter first.) You could just as well write the following: Because Amy left the iron on, the dorm's obsolete wiring melted and started a fire. The important thing to remember about subordination is that the punctuationdiffers depending on whether the independent or the dependent clause "enters" first. If the dependent clause is first (again, rather like an introduction to the main clause), it is followed by a comma (like in this sentence and the next). If the independent clause comes first, no punctuation separates the two. The pattern, with appropriate punctuation, is as follows:
While Jennifer put a new washer in the bathroom faucet, Mai figured out how to fix the garbage disposal. Jennifer put a new washer in the bathroom faucet since Mai was figuring out how to fix the garbage disposal. Here is a partial list of subordinating conjunctions. (Some textbooks call them "dependent-making words," or "dependent marker words.")
What has one independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses?Complex Sentence
A complex sentence contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
What type of sentence has a subordinate clause and an independent clause?A COMPLEX SENTENCE has one dependent clause (headed by a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun ) joined to an independent clause.
Has two or more independent clauses and one or more subordinate clauses?2 Answers By Expert Tutors
DIRECT ANSWER TO YOUR QUESTION: The sentences that have two or more independent/main clauses and no subordinate clauses are COMPOUND SENTENCES.
What type of sentence that has two or more independent clauses and one or more independent clauses?A compound sentence is composed of at least two independent clauses. There are four techniques used to join independent clauses in a compound sentence: • a comma and a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so). a semicolon. a semicolon and a transition word (therefore, however, hence, thus…etc.).
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