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Terms in this set (46)Quantitative Research A formal, objective, rigorous, systematic process for generating information. 1. Describes new situations, events or concepts 4 Types of Quantitative Research Includes descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, experimental Descriptive Research The exploration and description of phenomena in real-life situations. Usually conducted with large number of subjects, in natural settings (no manipulation of the situation); researchers discover new meanings, can identify possible relationships among concepts and develop hypotheses that provide a basis for future quantitative research. Correlational Research The systematic investigation of relationships between or among variables (can be a positive or negative relationship); occurs in a natural setting over lab. Primary intent of Correlational Research To explain the nature of relationships in the real world (in their natural setting), not to determine cause and effect. Advantages of Correlational Research Includes; easy to collect data, potential for EBP, good to base future studies on. Disadvantages of Correlational Research Includes, can't manipulate the variables (less control), no randomization, no cause and effect, strength and quality is limited by associative nature of relationship of variables. Quasi-Experimental Research Examines cause-and-effect relationships, or to determine the effect of one variable on another. Involves implementing a treatment or intervention and examining the effects of this intervention using selected methods of measurement.
Independent Variable Refers to the intervention given to experimental group in a study. Dependent Variable Refers to the outcome of a specific intervention given to the experimental group in a study. Pros/Cons of Quasi-experimental design Includes, that the design is practical, feasible and generalizable/ nature of design makes it difficult to make clear the cause and effect. Experimental Research An objective, systematic, highly controlled investigation conducted for the purpose of predicting and controlling phenomena in nursing practice. Looks fully at cause-and-effect relationships. Involves the measurement of independent and dependent variables under highly controlled conditions. 3 Main Characteristics of Experimental Research Includes, 1. Contorlled manipulation of at least one indepdent variable 2. Uses experimental and control groups 3. Random assignment of the sample to the experimental and control groups. Pros/Cons of Experimental Research Included, most powerful design for testing cause and effect/ Assumes that all relevant variables that may impact the outcome have been identified and many variable we may not be able to manipulate (or randomize), expensive Basic Research Sometimes known as pure research; includes scientific investigations for the pursuit of knowledge for knowledge's sake or for the purpose of finding truth. The results are used to design subsequent research in specific areas. Applied Research Also known as practical research; includes scientific investigations conducted to generate knowledge that will directly influence or improve clinical practice. Purpose is to solve problems, make decisions, and/or predict or control outcomes in real-life situations. Rigor Includes, the trustworthiness of research, and striving for excellence in research; also includes adherence to detail, strict accuracy, discipline and precision. Control Rules that are followed to decrease the possibility of error; rules used to achieve control are referred to as design. Also defined as the introduction of one or more constant into the experimental situation (e.g. manipulating independent variable, or randomly assigning subjects to a group) Areas of control in quantitative studies Includes Extraneous variables, Sampling process, Selection of setting, Development and implementation of the study intervention. Variables Qualities, properties or characteristics of persons, things or situations that change or vary; can be classified as concrete (age, temperature) or abstract (creativity, empathy) Extraneous variables Exists in all studies, has ability to interfere with obtaining a clear understanding of the relationships among the study variables. Controlling ______ enables researchers to determine the effects of an intervention more accurately. Sampling The process of selecting participants who are representative of the population being studied; a random process is used to ensure that each member of the population is selected independently and has an equal chance of being included in the study. Nonrandom is also used if random not available (random hard to obtain) Setting The location in which a study is conducted; these c an be natural, partially controlled, and highly controlled Problem-solving process Involves the systematic collection of data to identify a problem or difficulty; determination of goals related to the problem; identification of possible approaches to achieve those goals; implementation of the selected solutions; and evaluation of goal achievement. Nursing process A subset of the problem-solving process; the steps include: assessment, diagnosis, plan, implementation, evaluation, and modification. Research process Defined as more complex than the nursing process and involves rigorous application of a variety of research methods. The focus is broader than that of nursing process and requires greater rigor, control and precision. Research problem An area of concern in which there is a gap in the knowledge needed for nursing practice; usually broad and could be the basis for several studies. Research purpose Defined as being generated from the problem and identifies the specific focus or goal of the study; includes variables, population and setting for the sutdy. Review of relevant literature Generates a picture of what is known and not known about a particular problem and to document why a study needs to be conducted; includes only sources that are pertinent to providing the in depth knowledge needed to study a selected problem. framework Defined as the abstract, theoretical basis for a study that enables the researcher to link the findings to nursing's body of knowledge theory Consists of assumptions and relational statements that present a view of a phenomenon and can be used to describe, explain, predict or control the phenomenon. assumptions Statements that are taken for granted or are considered true, even though they have not been scientifically tested, and provide a basis for the phenomenon described by the theory conceptual definition Provides a variable or concept with theoretical meaning, and it is developed from a theorist's definition of the concept or is developed through concept analysis operational definition Explains how the variable can be measured or manipulated in a study. pilot study Commonly is a smaller version of a proposed study, and researchers frequently conduct these to refine the study sampling process, treatment or measurement of variables. sample A subset of the population selected for a particular study measurement The process of assigning numbers to objects (or events or situations) in accord with some rule data collection The precise, systematic gathering of information relevant to the research purpose or the specific objectives, questions or hypotheses of a study data analysis This reduces, organizes and gives meaning to the data Interpretation of research outcomes Involves examining the results from data analysis, identifying study limitations, exploring the significance of the findings, forming conclusions, generalizing the findings, considering the implications for nursing, and suggesting further studies Limitations Restrictions in a study methodology and/or framework that may decrease the credibility and generalizability of the findings Generalization the extension of the conclusions made based on the research findings from the sample studied to a larger population. research report Summarizes the major elements of a study and identifies the contributions of that study to nursing knowledge analyzing a research report Involves determining the value of the report's content; breaking the content into parts and examining the parts in depth for accuracy, completeness, uniqueness of information and organization. validity How well the study does what it purports to study, the accuracy in measuring a variable. reliability Refers to the consistent measurement of variables in a study. 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Verified answer PSYCHOLOGY What are the four partial schedules of reinforcement, and how do they differ? Verified answer
QUESTION The process by which rods and cones change electromagnetic energy into neural messages is called a. adaptation. b. accommodation. c. parallel processing. d. transduction. e. perceptional setting. Verified answer QUESTION Mnemonic devices are least likely to be dependent upon which of the following? a. Imagery. b. Acronyms. c. Rhymes. d. Chunking. e. Massed rehearsal. Verified answer Other Quizlet setsChapter 2 AP Psychology Vocab36 terms noaelazar270 Chapter 1- Process Science27 terms BallistaoreoPLUS Psych Chapter 227 terms haneen_a AP Psych Chapter 1 Terms/Defn.19 terms rahulb123 Related questionsQUESTION If a greater percentage of heart surgeons than dermatologists are sued for malpractice, can it be concluded that heart surgeons are less competent than dermatologists? 4 answers QUESTION What are the 2 functions of a theory? 15 answers QUESTION Counting the number of times customers leave tips at a coffee shop when employees smile at the customer is an example of measuring the dependent variable in terms of 2 answers QUESTION Study that simply looks at events as they exist but performs no intervention 3 answers Which type of research examines the relationship between variables?A correlational study is a type of research design that looks at the relationships between two or more variables. Correlational studies are non-experimental, which means that the experimenter does not manipulate or control any of the variables.
Which of the following types of research is conducted to determine relationships between variables quizlet?Correlational research involves the systematic investigation of relationships between or among variables.
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Which of the following types of research is conducted to determine relationships between variables?
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