T/F: You give a friend "the silent treatment." This is an example of communication. Show True T/F: Communication events are continuous transactions; that's why it's so difficult to punctuate a conflict. True T/F: Even positive qualities such as self-monitoring and cognitive complexity can be ineffective when carried to excess. True T/F:Communication competence is defined as using communication that is both effective and appropriate. True T/F:Communication as defined in the text is always intentional rather than unintentional. False A discernible response to a message is A)encoding feedback Being unable to hear a speaker's remarks because you are sitting in the rear of an auditorium is an example of: A)external noise external noise Research that supports online communication as being positive for relationships cites the following: A) Couples who talk frequently via cell phone feel more loving and committed. B) Almost sixty percent of American teenagers believe the Internet helps them make new friends. C) People who have both in-person and online contact with friends are less lonely. D) Facebook provides the opportunity to develop and maintain social connections. E) all of the above All of the above. Which of the following means the same things as "Communication is irreversible"? A) Erasing or replacing spoken words or acts is not possible. B) You can't erase an impression you've created. C) It's impossible to "unreceive" a message. D) Words said are irretrievable. E) All mean the same as the statement. All mean the same as the statement. A) Erasing or replacing spoken words or acts is not possible. B) You can't erase an impression you've created. C) It's impossible to "unreceive" a message. D) Words said are irretrievable. Which is true of communication? A)Everyone does it. B)More is always better. C)It can solve all problems. D)It is a natural ability. E)All of the above are true. Everyone does it. T/F:The permanence of digital messages has only negative consequences? False T/F: Hyperpersonal communication means that we typically withhold information from others online? False T/F: According to your textbook, messages don't have meanings in themselves, but rather, meanings reside in the people who express and interpret them? True T/F:We gain an idea of who we are from the way others react to us? True The first communication models characterized communication as? A one way event Communication competence consists of? A)signals that serve as stimuli B)your ability to communicate effectively and appropriately. C)your motive in communicating D)feedback messages E)none of the above. B)Your ability to communicate effectively and appropriately The idea that "nothing" never happens refers to which communication principle? A)Communication is transactional. B)Communication can be intentional or unintentional. C)Communication has a content and relational dimension. D)Communication is irreversible. E)none of the above B)Communication can be intentional or unintentional If you are preoccupied about an argument that you had with your best friend, and you can't pay attention to your instructor, you are experiencing ______ noise? Psychological Which of the following characterizes transactional communication? 1) Communication must be sent through a channel T/F: Self-monitoring is the ability to construct a variety of different frameworks for viewing an issue. False T/F: Feedback is defined as the verbal and/or nonverbal response to messages received from the speaker. True T/F: Fields like engineering, accounting and computer science have little need for interpersonal communication on a daily basis." False T/F: In scientific jargon, any interference with communication is termed noise. True Which of the following is true about overly casual e-mails from students to professors? A: Professors are less likely to fulfill the requests in overly
casual e-mails T/F: Most people can learn to communicate more effectively. True T/F: In the last 20 years for Americans, the average number of friendships has increased. False Which of the following is an example of psychological noise while in class? worrying about your grade on a test Environments are also referred to as A)relationships B)cognitive complexity C)self-monitoring D)homes E)contexts E)Contexts Which characteristic applies to interpersonal communication? a) intentional or unintentional E) All of the above An example of psychological noise is insecurity T/F: Online communicators can create idealized and unrealistic views of others. True T/F:One of the features that distinguishes qualitatively interpersonal communication from less personal exchanges is interdependence. True T/F:Research suggests that communication competence is an inborn rather than a learned characteristic False T/F:At the present time, there's no research to support the hypothesis that a connection exists between social interaction & physical health False Which of the following is not a valid reason for studying communication? A) wanting to learn new ways of viewing a familiar
topic D) Wanting to manipulate others Which of the following is not true about communication competence? A)There is no single "ideal" or "effective" way to communicate. E) none of the above Sarah & Jim are driving to a friend's house. She is about to suggest a different route when she stops herself because she knows Jim hates it when she "takes over" while he's driving. This is an example of which communication concept? A)self-monitoring A) self-monitoring (CH.2) T/F: Social scientists use the term "salience" to describe how much weight we attach to a particular person or phenomenon. True T/F: Mainstream North American culture tends to be more low context than high context. True T/F: Autonomy, change, and initiative are associated with individualistic cultures. True T/F: In countries that avoid uncertainty, deviant people and ideas are considered dangerous and intolerance is high. True T/F: Nurturing societies emphasize cooperation and show little difference between the expected behaviors for men and for women. True When a North American answers the question "Who am I?" by citing individual factors while an Asian person answers the same question by identifying groups in which she/he is a member, they are expressing value differences associated with A)high vs. low context B)individualism vs. collectivism C)power distance D)uncertainty avoidance E)achievement vs. nurturing B)individualism vs. collectivism Being able to deal with the uncertainty that surrounds most intercultural encounters is a sign of A)tolerance for ambiguity B)decoding competence C)ethnocentrism D)accurate attributions E)all of the above A)tolerance for ambiguity Collectivist cultures, in comparison to individualist cultures, tend to A)see the world in terms of either/or dichotomies B)define themselves as part of a group C)define themselves in terms of what they do D)tolerate conflict easily E)none of the above B)define themselves as part of a group Marshall McLuhan's "global village" metaphor suggests: A)members of every nation are connected by communication technology B)members of certain villages are connected by communication technology C)members of countries with reliable Internet access share information to create a village D)none of the above A)members of every nation are connected by communication technology Which of the following contrasting pairs is associated with features of verbal communication styles? A)directness/indirectness B)elaborate/succinct C)formal/informal D)all of the above E)none of the above D)All of the above directness/indirectness elaborate/succinct formal/informal T/F: High-context cultures rely more on nonverbal cues than do low-context cultures. True T/F:Edward Hall found that people in the Middle East stand much closer when conducting business than Americans do. True T/F:Cultures with high power difference believe in minimizing the difference between various social classes. False T/F:Challenging authority is acceptable in cultures that endorse low power distance. True T/F:Tolerance for ambiguity is a characteristic of intercultural competence. True You want to learn more about your new friend Shira's clothing, particularly her hijab (head covering). According to Berger, what strategy would be the most risky? A)passive observation B)asking an expert C)watching a film about Muslim women D)confessing cultural ignorance E)reading about the clothing of Muslim people D)confessing cultural ignorance Low-context cultures tend to value and emphasize A)straight talk and assertiveness B)face-saving and social harmony C)nonverbal cues D)all of the above E)none of the above A)straight talk and assertiveness Most scholars believe intercultural competence requires A)motivation and attitude B)knowledge C)skill D)all of the above E)none of the above D)All of the above motivation and attitude knowledge skill Your friend Tom is nervous about disclosing he is a member of the LGBTQ community. You reassure him that although there are risks, there are also benefits of being open about one's gender identity, including: a) being authentic b) belonging to a supportive co-culture c) increasing one's socioeconomic standing d) a and b only e)All of the above d) a & b only a) being authentic b) belonging to a supportive co-culture High-context cultures tend to: A)value and emphasize subtle, often nonverbal cues to maintain social harmony B)value straight talk and assertiveness C)value verbal cues D)all of the above E)none of the above A)value and emphasize subtle, often nonverbal cues to maintain social harmony T/F:Socioeconomic status can influence whether someone will challenge authority and speak up. True T/F:Marshall McLuhan's "global village" metaphor suggests that the world's cultures are becoming increasingly disconnected and independent. False T/F:In general, Western cultures honor the elderly and attitudes about aging are more positive than negative. False T/F:Jews, soccer moms, homosexsuals, and Baby Boomers would all be examples of co-cultures True Workers in factories of ______ cultures do not expect to be asked their opinion regarding managerial decisions. A)high-power distance B)achievement C)individualistic D)low context E)none of the above A)High-power distance If a group of preschool children play in a park and do not notice that their parents come from different countries or that they speak different languages, they are experiencing. A)intercultural communication B)minimal salience on culture C)interpersonal communication D)cultural identity E)high salience on culture B)Minimal salience on culture First generation college students experience intercultural challenges and report that at home they tend to A)start challenging authority B)undercompensate by not working hard C)emphasize they're moving up the social ladder D)emphasize they don't like their classes E)self-censor and are cautious about discussing college E)Self-censor and are cautious about discussing college In North American culture categories such as age, ethnicity, race, gender, sexual orientation, physical disabilities and religion are all considered A)anticultures B)focus groups C)co-cultures D)inner groups E)none of the above C) co-cultures The degree to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous situations and try to stay away from them is known as A)power distance B)uncertainty avoidance C)cultural perception D)all of the above E)none of the above B)Uncertainty avoidance T/F:Identifying with multiple ethnic groups can pose both challenges and benefits. True The Korean language has separate terms for older brother, younger sister, youngest sister and so on. This is a reflection of. A)cultural perspective B)power distance C)uncertainty avoidance D)individualism vs. collectivism E)none of the above B)Power distance Your new friend Nguyen feels uncomfortable responding to a professor's question in class. He says that in his culture, this is not appropriate. Nguyen is describing. A)uncertainty avoidance B)high power distance C)low power distance D)high context E)low context B)High-power distance When an Israeli views an Arab as being evasive while the Arab views the Israeli as overly blunt, they are encountering value differences primarily associated with. A)achievement vs. nurturing B)high vs. low context C)power distance D)individualism vs. collectivism E)uncertainty avoidance B)High vs. Low context When Austrian students are praised for asking their teachers questions while Filipino students see questioning their teachers as inappropriate, they are exhibiting values associated with which concept? A)high vs. low context B)individualism vs. collectivism C)power distance D)uncertainty avoidance E)achievement vs. nurturing C)power distance
T/F:Identifying with multiple ethnic groups can pose both challenges and benefits. True Race is a category originally used to explain differences between people. However, as race has little use in explaining individual differences, scholars now use what term to refer to the degree to which a person identifies w/ a particular group? A) racial
features C) ethnicity The ideas that all women are emotional and that all older people are out of touch with reality are examples of A)patterns of thought B)open-mindedness C)stereotypes D)power distance E)none of the above C)stereotypes T/F:Care for extended family before self is typical of collectivist cultures. True T/F:Ethnocentrism is the attitude that one's culture is superior to others. True (CH.3) T/F: At about six or seven months of age, a child begins to recognize "self" as distinct from surroundings. True T/F:Face management is something that is necessary only in actual face-to-face encounters. False T/F:The tendency to seek information that conforms to an existing self-concept has been labeled cognitive conservatism. True T/F:Positive self-esteem guarantees interpersonal success. False T/F:Very early in life,self-concept is almost exclusively physical True The Myth of Perfection describes A)how self-esteem is affected by societal models that are unrealistically perfect B)how our self-concept is formed based on distorted feedback C)how social comparison theory isn't perfect in nature D)how we used identity management to appear more perfect than we are E)how no one comes from a perfect family A)how self-esteem is affected by societal models that are unrealistically perfect Significant others are those people a) whose evaluations are especially influential to us b) who were a negative force in our lives c) whom we view as highly competent d) with whom we spend a great deal of time e) c and d A)whose evaluations are especially influential to us Social comparison allows us to decide a) if we are superior or inferior to others b) if we are the same or different from others c) if we like or dislike others d) all of the above e) a and b only E) a & b only a) if we are superior or inferior to others b) if we are the same or different from others Which of the following has the power to be a self-fulfilling prophecy? A)astrological horoscopes B)placebos C)sex-linked stereotypes D)labels of shyness E) All of the above E) All of the above Even though others disagree, Diandra thinks of herself as a tremendously effective communicator. She reinforces this image by surrounding herself with people who are very shy and socially naive. Diandra's unrealistic handling of this situation provides an example of A)the theory of significant others B)social comparison theory C)self-discipline theory D)similarity theory E)consistency appraisal theory B)social comparison theory T/F:True self-disclosure has to be honest. True T/F:Research shows that people are more critical of themselves when they are in a positive mood than when they are in a negative mood. False T/F:In reflected appraisal, messages received from significant others are particularly powerful. True
T/F:Self-concept must change in order to stay realistic. True T/F:A significant other is someone who has given us primarily positive reinforcement. False When some professional athletes doggedly insist they can be of value to the team when past their prime, they are displaying which characteristic of self-concept? A)multidimensional B)subjective C)flexible D)resists change E)none of the above D)resists change Which of the following is used in face-to-face interactions to manage impressions? A)words B)nonverbal actions C)personal items D)physical setting E) all of the above E) all of the above The view that self-concept can be seen as a product of the messages you've received throughout your life is known as A)reflected appraisal B)social comparison C)multidimensional self D)subjective self-concept E)self-fulfilling prophecy A)reflected appraisal Seeing yourself as being "patient at work but not patient at home" demonstrates how A)cognitive conservatism works B)the self-concept does not resist change C)the self-concept is flexible D)the self-concept is objective E)all of the above C)the self-concept is flexible A spouse who asks their partner if they did the right thing in disciplining their child by giving the child a time-out, in the hopes of getting their partner's approval, is demonstrating what benefit of self-disclosure? A)catharsis B)self-clarification C)self-validation D)reciprocity E)impression formation C)self-validation T/F:Men who compare themselves to media-idealized male physiques evaluate their bodies negatively True T/F:People are likely to reveal all their perceived self to others False T/F:While children may be born with some social characteristics, self concept is almost totally determined by social interaction. True T/F:One reason for negative evaluation of self is that our culture subscribes to the myth of perfection. True If you ever gave a speech and forgot your remarks, not because you were unprepared but because you were afraid, saying "I know I'll blow it," you experienced. A)changing self-concept B)characteristics of self-concept C)self-fulfilling prophecy D)social comparison E)feedback C)Self-fulfilling prophecy When we use items such as cars to influence how others see us, we are managing impressions by using. a) setting b) manner c) appearance d) attitude e) b and c A)Setting Which of the following is supported by research related to how the self-concept develops. A)Self-concept does not exist at birth. B)Self-concept is almost totally a product of social interaction. C)Children recognize "self" as distinct from surroundings at about age 6 or 7 months. D)All of the above are supported. E)None of the above are supported. D) All of the above T/F:Research has shown that there are situations where people misrepresent themselves to gain the trust of others. True T/F:John Suler's research indicates that changing age, history, personality, and even gender are all ways people manage their identities in cyberspace. True T/F:The reference groups against which we compare ourselves play an important role in shaping our view of ourselves. True T/F:Unfortunately, self concepts are fixed and not subject to change. False T/F:Self-esteem has a powerful effect on communication behavior. True For a reflected appraisal to be regarded as important it must be. A)from a competent source B)perceived as highly personal C)reasonable in light of what we believe about ourselves D)consistent and repeated E)all of the above E)all of the above Even though he has a nice singing voice, Kevin still believes he is a terrible singer because his first grade teacher told him he couldn't sing well. This is an example of how _______ shapes our self- concept. A)reference groups B)reflected appraisal C)self-esteem D)social comparison E)none of the above B)Reflected appraisal The person you believe yourself to be in moments of honest examination is your. Perceived self Seeking information that conforms to an existing self-concept is called A)presenting self B)reflected appraisal C)cognitive conservation D)self-fulfilling prophecy E)social comparison C)cognitive conservation T/F:Identity management is not as pervasive in computer-mediated communication as it is in face-to-face interaction. False T/F:People seldom look at others as a way of judging themselves. False T/F:Self-concept is a largely changeable set of perceptions you hold of yourself. False T/F:Self-fulfilling prophecies occur when strong expectations make the expected outcome more likely than it otherwise would have been. True Joe thinks he is smart compared to everyone else in his algebra class. This is an example of how ___________ can define our self-concept. A)self-monitoring B)facework C)identity management D)cognitive conservatism E)reference groups E)reference groups Rosenthal and Jacobson's report that a change in teachers' expectations of randomly selected "special" children led to an actual change in their intellectual performance most nearly illustrates A)changing self-concept B)characteristics of self-concept C)self-fulfilling prophecy D)social comparison E)psychological vultures C)self-fulfilling prophecy Which of the following is not true about identity management in social media? A)Identity management is just as pervasive in social media interactions. B)Social media allow a sender to say difficult things without forcing the receiver to respond immediately. C)Social media are not as effective for identity management as face-to-face communication. D)Social media allow communicators to choose the desired level of clarity. E)Social media can actually be an advantage for communicators who want to manage the impressions they make. C)Social media are not as effective for identity management as face-to-face communication. T/F:The term face is used by social scientists to describe the presenting self. True T/F:People often cling to outmoded and unrealistic self-concepts, even when the new image would be more favorable than the old one. True Which of the following is an equivocal reaction to this question: "How do you like this dress I just bought? A)I don't like it at all. B)It's an interesting design. C)I love it! D)It doen't fit you. E)None of the above. B)It's an interesting design.
What is the reason for excessively negative self-evaluation? A) obsolete information B) distorted feedback C) myth of perfection D) social expectations E) all of the above E) all of the above The term we use to describe the verbal & nonverbal ways we act to maintain our own & other's presenting images is A) facework B) multiple identity construction C) self-presentation D) identity performance E) self-esteem maintenance A) facework T/F:The way we view ourselves is usually received from significant others are particularly powerful False (CH.4) T/F:If your mother gives you a kiss goodbye, this is considered a second-order reality. False T/F:If a person feels like they are a "loser" in society, compared to other people who are more successful, this is an example of standpoint theory. True T/F:Self-serving bias is the term used by social scientists to label our tendency to judge ourselves in the most generous terms possible. True T/F:Research has shown that there is no correlation between the degree of empathy an individual exhibits and his/her tendency to commit violent crimes. False T/F:A person you have a crush on calls you "sweetheart" and you believe that they must have a crush on you, too. This is known as second-order reality. True Perceptual schema include which constructs? A)physical and role B)interaction C)psychological D)all of the above E)none of the above D)all of the above Scientists developed __________ to describe how a person's position in a society shapes his or her view of society and of specific individuals. A)Social theory B)Interaction theory C)Standpoint theory D)Social role theory E)Self-concept theory C)Standpoint theory If you have the flu and become angry with a friend for not calling you, whereas ordinarily you would have thought, "Oh, he's just busy" is an example of: A)physiological influence B)role influence C)emotional influence D)psychological influence E)perceptual influence A)physiological influence Which step of perception is involved when you wonder if the person who smiles at you across the room is interested in romance or is just being polite? A)selection B)organization C)interpretation D)negotiation E)none of the above C)interpretation A form of organization used to identify causes and effects in interaction is called A)grammar B)syntax C)punctuation D)spelling E)capitalization C)punctuation T/F:Age, health, fatigue, and hunger are all psychological factors that influence perceptual judgments. False T/F:Perceptual schema are tendencies to misinterpret data. False T/F:Perception checking has the best chance of working in low-context cultures. True T/F:Research suggests that typical dyads can only interpret and explain 25 to 50 percent of each other's behavior accurately. True T/F:Problems arise with first impressions when the labels we attach are inaccurate and we tend to hang on to them. True Your friend sees your mother give you a kiss goodbye. This would be considered a: A)second-order reality B)first-order reality C)meaningful reality D)perceptual reality E)all of the above B)first-order reality The term social scientists use to describe the process of attaching meaning to behavior is A)selection B)attribution C)punctuation D)perception checking E)none of the above B)attribution Treating people as individuals instead of assuming they possess the same characteristics as every other member of the group to which you assign them is called A)sympathizing B)empathizing C)stereotyping D)decategorizing E)punctuating D)decategorizing Second-order realities involve A)observable qualities of a thing B)our attaching meaning to first-order things or situations C)objective facts D)visible situations E)none of the above B)our attaching meaning to first-order things or situations You feel good about your relationship and charitable about your partner. This leads to increased happiness and more satisfaction in other parts of your life. You're experiencing: A)physiological state influencing your perception B)psychological state influencing your perception C)cognitive state influencing your perception D)functional state influencing your perception E)sexual state influencing your perception B)psychological state influencing your perception T/F:Research shows us that it's hardest to empathize with people who are radically different from us. True T/F:People commonly imagine that others possess the same attitudes and motives that they do. True T/F:Empathy requires open-mindedness, imagination, and commitment. True When our _______ clash with others, we can either hang on to our own point of view, or try to negotiate common ground. A)opinions B)personalities C)ideas D)facts E)narratives E)narratives Long married, happy couples may distort facts about their relationship, but they share similar stories. This reveals that: A) Shared narratives should be agreed upon before telling others. B)Shared narratives can't be trusted. C)Shared narratives should be discussed by people who remember them accurately. D)Shared narratives confuse others when the message is inconsistent. E)Shared narratives don't have to be accurate to be powerful. E)Shared narratives don't have to be accurate to be powerful Immediately disliking a blind date after hearing negative evaluations about him from others is an example of how perception is. A)influenced by the obvious B)influenced by our expectations. C)influenced by negative impressions. D)influenced by self-serving bias. E)none of the above B)Influenced by our expectations A server believes that all teenagers do not tip well. This is an example of: A)Using an organizing scheme to make generalizations about members of groups. B)Using a perception check to determine if assumptions are accurate. C)Using empathy to understand that teenagers don't always have a lot of money. D)All of the above. E)None of the above. A)Using an organizing scheme to make generalizations about members of groups You have a fight with your brother. Your mother thinks that you're " just acting like normal siblings." Your brother thinks you are jealous of him. This is an example of __________ reality. A)distorted B)first-order C)empathetic D)perceptual E)second-order E)Second-order T/F:A friend is talking to you, but another friend is standing nearby yelling on the phone. You pay attention to the friend on the phone due to "selection. True T/F:People who are sleep deprived perceive time intervals realistically. False T/F:Attribution is the term social students use to describe the process of attaching meaning to behavior. True Jake is embarrassed to find that the "dumb blonde" jokes he told in class were offensive to several of his classmates. Jake made the common perception mistake of. A)being influenced by the obvious B)clinging to first impressions C)assuming others are like us D)incorporating the halo effect E)none of the above C)Assuming others are like us Which step of perception is based on the fact that we notice some messages and ignore others? A)selection B)organization C)interpretation D)negotiation E)none of the above A)Selection You see your sweetheart as great looking and you overlook the fact that she is not as neat as you'd like. This is an example of: A)true love B)empathy that your sweetheart is too busy to clean up C)relational roles affecting perception D)psychological state influencing your perception E)maturity C)Relational roles affecting perception You feel good about your relationship and charitable about your partner. This leads to increased happiness and more satisfaction in other parts of your life. Your experiencing: A)physiological state influencing your perception B)psychological state influencing your perception C)cognitive state influencing your perception D)functional state influencing your perception E)sexual state influencing your perception B)Psychological state influencing your perception T/F:People who are "fixtures" in our lives become more noticeable to us due to attention. False Exaggerated beliefs associated with a categorizing system are known as A)empathy B)perspective taking C)stereotyping D)salience E)punctuation C)stereotyping T/F:The way a communication sequence is punctuated affects its perceived meaning. True T/F:A friend is talking to you, but another friend is standing nearby yelling on the phone. You pay attention to the friend on the phone due to "selection." True T/F:A person you have a crush on calls you "sweetheart" and you believe that they must have a crush on you, too. This is known as second-order reality. True Stanford psychologist Philip Zimbardo's experiment with young men, assigning some as prisoners and some as guards, was a dramatic example of the significance of which role in perception? A)sexual B)occupational C)mood D)self-concept E)cultural B)occupational What involves the communication strategies people use to influence how others view them?The communication strategies people use to influence how others view them. Also called "impression management." A model that describes the relationship between self-disclosure and self-awareness. The person we believe ourselves to be in moments of candor.
Which of the following is supported by research related to how the selfWhich of the following is supported by research related to how the self-concept develops? Self-concept is almost totally a product of social interaction.
Which of the following is a physiological factor that can affect perception and communication?Physiological Influences
Health, exhaustion, and hunger also affect our perception and communication.
What is a person's selfSelf-concept is how we perceive our behaviors, abilities, and unique characteristics. 1 For example, beliefs such as "I am a good friend" or "I am a kind person" are part of an overall self-concept. Our self-perception is important because it affects our motivations, attitudes, and behaviors.
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Using a physical environment to influence how others view us is known as a choice of Quizlet
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