When studying German, you will get to know the two verbs “müssen,” and “dürfen” quite quickly as people constantly use them. Yet, many students find it confusing to choose the right verb. Therefore, this article aims to explain the difference between “müssen” and “dürfen” in German. Show To have a good foundation, you should know that the German verb “müssen” means “to must” or “to have to,” and the translation of “dürfen” is to “be allowed to.” If you want to improve your skills, you should also check out the self-studying book A-Grammar: German grammar exercises for levels A1 & A2, which includes all grammar aspects for these levels, English descriptions, explanations, and an answer book. Also, you can take a look at this . ________________________ Recommended study materials on the topic:
________________________ The verb “müssen”The verb “müssen” is part of the modal auxiliary verb group. This means that if you use the verb “müssen,” you always need to add a second verb to your sentence because otherwise, it is grammatically wrong. However, when talking, people tend to use modal verbs without a second verb, but you should never (!) do that when writing or trying to pass a German exam because it is a mistake. An example for this is:
Usually, there is a difference between the conjugation of all singular persons in the general German verb conjugation, but this does not apply to the modal verbs. The first person singular (ich) and the third person singular (er, sie, es) share the same conjugated verb form (as you can see in the table below). Also, as most modal verbs are irregular and come with a shift in the vowels, the “ü” of “müssen” becomes an “u” for the singular persons in the present tense. You should also keep in mind that Germans generally use “müssen” in Präteritum (simple past) and not in Perfekt. Conjugation of “müssen”
The usage of “müssen”In German, you use the verb “müssen” if you have to do something or if you must do something. This means by using this verb, you can express an obligation. For instance: “Ich muss das Buch lesen! (I have to read the book.). However, when trying to negate “müssen” there is a common misunderstanding between German and English. Though “must” and “have to” are synonymous, they are not when it comes to their negation because “must not” in English means “not to be allowed to” and not “do not have to.” Therefore it is a prohibition, and if you wish to express “must not” in German, you need to use the verb “dürfen” which will be explained in the following. For example: Ich muss heute nicht in die Schule gehen. – I do not have to go to school today (but I would be allowed if I wanted to) “Müssen” + verbAs this article mentioned, the verb “müssen” generally needs a second verb. Forming a classical German declarative sentence means that you have to put the second verb to the very end. Besides, there is no need to conjugate the second verb, and you can leave it in the infinitive form (e.g., machen, singen, laufen …) For instance:
The verb “dürfen”As already discussed at the beginning of this article, the verb “dürfen” means “to be allowed to” or “may.” Since it also is part of the “modal verb group,” it also requires a second verb. Though this verb is also grammatically wrong, people sometimes use it without a second verb when speaking, as you could already see with “müssen.” An example for this is:
Also, for “dürfen,” the first person singular (ich) and the third person singular (er, sie, es) share the same conjugated verb form. In addition, “dürfen” is an irregular verb, and therefore, its “ü” becomes an “a” for all singular persons in the present tense. Additionally, it would be best if you generally use “dürfen” in Präteritum (simple past) and not in Perfekt. Conjugation of “dürfen”
The usage of “dürfen”As already mentioned, you should use the verb “dürfen” if you would like to express permission or prohibition. Or, in other words, you can use it if you want to say: “to be allowed to,” “may,” “must not,” “not to be allowed to” or “may not.” Also, with “dürfen,” the second verb goes to the end of the sentence and stands in the infinitive form. “Dürfen” + verb
To be allowed to or to have to?After reading this article, I hope you fully understood the difference between “müssen” and “dürfen.” You can also check out the song “Du must gar nix” to hear an example of how Germans use “müssen”. To know more about other modal verbs, you can check the difference between “wollen” and “möchten.” Bis bald! Steffie Hi there! Though I provide all blog content for free, your support will be very much appreciated. 🙂  Ist sollen und müssen das gleiche?Unterscheidung zwischen sollen und müssen
Das Modalverb müssen drückt ganz allgemein Notwendigkeit aus, während sollen eine sich aus einer Aufforderung an das Subjekt ergebende Notwendigkeit ausdrückt. Paul soll morgen Überstunden machen. a. weil das sein Chef von ihm verlangt hat.
Wann müssen und wann sollen?Die beiden Modalverben müssen und sollen werden in ähnlichen Zusammenhängen gebraucht. Es gibt aber leichte Bedeutungsunterschiede. Das Verb müssen drückt vor allem eine objektive Notwendigkeit aus und klingt dringlicher. Wenn man nicht tut, was notwendig ist, muss man mit unangenehmen Konsequenzen rechnen.
Wann sagt man sollen?Mit sollen gibt man eine Aufforderung oder einen Auftrag von jemand anderem wieder. Yara sagt zu Herrn Friese: Ich möchte nicht, dass Herr Murz die Mülltonne vor den Laden stellt. Herr Friese sagt zu Herrn Murz: Herr Murz, Sie sollen die Mülltonne nicht vor den Laden stellen.
Sollen dürfen müssen?Was sind Modalverben? Modalverben sind im Deutschen die Verben dürfen, können, mögen, müssen, sollen und wollen. Diese Verben benötigen normalerweise ein weiteres Verb (das Vollverb) im Infinitiv. Modalverben ändern den Inhalt einer Aussage – es ist zum Beispiel ein Unterschied, ob jemand etwas tun muss oder darf.
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